White People Problems? White Privilege Beliefs Predict Attitudes Toward Confederate Symbols

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110519
Author(s):  
Kimberly Rios ◽  
Dominik Mischkowski ◽  
Nicole B. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Group Level ◽  
White People ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Threat Theory

Building upon Intergroup Threat Theory and research on group-level empathy, we tested the relationship between White privilege beliefs and White Americans’ attitudes toward Confederate symbols. In three experiments, participants induced to think about White privilege exhibited more opposition to Confederate symbols, perceived less realistic threat to their group’s power/resources and symbolic threat to their group’s values/identity from the prospect of these symbols being removed, and (in Study 2) felt more empathetic toward racial/ethnic minorities who may view these symbols. Further, a meta-analytic path analysis across studies demonstrated that the effect of White privilege reminders on opposition to Confederate symbols was driven by reduced realistic and symbolic threat, as well as greater outgroup empathy.

scholarly journals Shared Disadvantage as a Determinant of the Relationship Between White Americans’ Socioeconomic Status and Racial/Ethnic Prejudice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryon Hines ◽  
Kimberly Rios
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Ethnic Prejudice ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Arab Immigrants ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The present studies examined the conditions under which low subjective socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with greater racial/ethnic prejudice among White Americans. Based on theories of intergroup threat and inclusive victim consciousness, we predicted that describing racial/ethnic minorities as disadvantaged (versus as competitive or in neutral terms) would increase empathy and reduce prejudice among White Americans who consider themselves low in SES. Study 1 provided correlational evidence that White Americans who perceived themselves as low-SES (but not high-SES) were less prejudiced against racial/ethnic minorities the more they perceived minorities as disadvantaged. In Study 2, portraying the target outgroup (Arab immigrants) as disadvantaged increased outgroup empathy, and in turn reduced prejudice, among participants induced to think of themselves as low-SES. Study 3 conceptually replicated these results using a different outgroup (Mexican Americans) and a behavioral measure of prejudice. Implications for reducing prejudice among White Americans of different socioeconomic backgrounds are discussed.

scholarly journals Review of "American Allegory: Lindy Hop and the Racial Imagination"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Wade
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Change ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Black Culture ◽  
White Americans ◽  
White People ◽  
Social Dance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Lindy Hop ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

American Allegory uses lindy hop—a social dance invented in the 1920s by black youth in Harlem and now practiced mostly by white dancers—to gain insight into the relationship between black and white Americans and their cultural forms. It aims to contribute to theory about how superordinate groups manipulate culture to maintain power, while also accounting for cultural change and exchange. On page 204 Hancock begins to ask sophisticated theoretical questions but, by then, it is far too late to answer them. While Hancock’s central premise is one to which I am sympathetic—that the community of primarily white people who dance lindy hop today are participating in an appropriation of black culture—he’s never able to move past his premise to a useful contribution.

Racial/ethnic differences in end-of-life (EoL) treatment preferences: The role of religious beliefs about care.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6529-6529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy A. Balboni ◽  
Paul K Maciejewski ◽  
Michael J. Balboni ◽  
Andrea Catherine Enzinger ◽  
M. Elizabeth Paulk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Treatment Preferences ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Aggressive Care ◽  
Eol Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

6529 Background: Racial/ethnic minorities and patients who turn to religion to cope receive more aggressive EOL care. Beliefs underlying these associations are unknown. Methods: Coping with Cancer is an ongoing, multi-site, NCI-funded study examining factors influencing racial/ethnic EoL disparities. From 11/2010-10/2012, 133 advanced cancer patients underwent baseline interviews, including 7 items assessing religious beliefs about EoL care (RBEC). Univariate analyses assessed racial/ethnic differences in RBEC and EoL treatment preferences. Multivariable analyses (MVA) modeled mean RBEC score as a function of race/ethnicity, controlling for confounders, and assessed the relationship of race/ethnicity and RBEC to treatment preferences. Results: Religious beliefs about EoL care are common and more often held by racial/ethnic minorities (Table); racial/ethnic differences persisted in MVA (p<.0001). Black patients were more likely than Whites to prefer aggressive EOL care (OR=5.03, p=.02), whereas Latino’s EOL preferences did not differ from Whites (p=.87). In MVA including race and RBEC score, Black race was not related to EOL care preferences (OR 1.61, p=0.55), whereas greater RBEC score was associated with greater preference for aggressive care (OR 2.48, p=0.003). Conclusions: Religious beliefs about EoL care are common and significantly more so among racial/ethnic minorities. Preliminary data suggest these beliefs mediate the relationship between race/ethnicity and EoL treatment preferences. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals My Dear White Sister: Self-examining White Privilege and the Myth of America

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Keely Shinners
Keyword(s):  
White Privilege ◽  
James Baldwin ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
White People ◽  
Racial Privilege ◽  
Personal Level

James Baldwin, in his landmark essay “My Dungeon Shook,” says that white Americans are “still trapped in a history which they do not understand; and until they understand it, they cannot be released from it.” This open letter explores this history on a personal level. Taking notes from Baldwin’s indictments of whiteness in Another Country and The Fire Next Time, this essay explores how white people, despite claims of deniability, become culpable, complicit, and ensnared in their racial privilege. By reading Baldwin’s work through a personal lens, it implores fellow white readers and scholars of Baldwin to begin examining the myths of America by first examining themselves.

scholarly journals Pharmaceutical Side Effects and Mental Health Paradoxes among Racial-Ethnic Minorities

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Schnittker ◽  
Duy Do
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Health Paradox

Sociologists have long struggled to explain the minority mental health paradox: that racial-ethnic minorities often report better mental health than non-Hispanic whites despite social environments that seem less conducive to well-being. Using data from the 2008–2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), this study provides a partial explanation for the paradox rooted in a very different disparity. Evidence from MEPS indicates that non-Hispanic whites consume more pharmaceuticals than racial-ethnic minorities for a wide variety of medical conditions. Moreover, non-Hispanic whites consume more pharmaceuticals that although effective in treating their focal indication, include depression or suicide as a side effect. In models that adjust for the use of such medications, the minority advantage in significant distress is reduced, in some instances to statistical nonsignificance. Although a significant black and Hispanic advantage in a continuous measure of distress remains, the magnitude of the difference is reduced considerably. The relationship between the use of medications with suicide as a side effect and significant distress is especially large, exceeding, for instance, the relationship between poverty and significant distress. For some minority groups, the less frequent use of such medications is driven by better health (as in the case of Asians), whereas for others, it reflects a treatment disparity (as in the case of blacks), although the consequences for the mental health paradox are the same. The implications of the results are discussed, especially with respect to the neglect of psychological side effects in the treatment of physical disease as well as the problem of multiple morbidities.

Estimating Intergenerational Mobility With Grouped Data

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 787-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florencia Torche ◽  
Alejandro Corvalan
Keyword(s):  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Grouped Data ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Group Mobility ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Mobility ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diverse Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

This article distinguishes three measures of intergenerational economic mobility that emerge when the population is divided into groups: overall individual mobility, within-group mobility, and between-group mobility. We clarify their properties and the relationship between them. We then evaluate Clark’s use of surname between-group persistence as a preferred measure of intergenerational mobility in the book The Son Also Rises: Surnames and the History of Social Mobility. We show that aggregate surname-level intergenerational persistence cannot be compared with individual persistence because group-level income averages captures diverse individual-level and group-level factors impossible to disentangle without additional identifying information. Furthermore, measures of group persistence do not address the problem of measurement error leading to attenuation bias, which is Clark’s rationale to study surname mobility. An empirical example partitioning the population into groups based on racial/ethnic origins and a simulation clarify the relationship between these different measures of mobility.

scholarly journals What is the Relationship between Demographic Background and Test Score Submission to GRE-Optional Graduate Programs? It’s Complicated

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison Kell ◽  
Katrina C. Roohr
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
International Students ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Doctoral Programs ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Faculty members are committed to increasing the diversity of their students attending graduate school. One strategy that has been implemented in service of this goal is making the submission of GRE test scores optional. However, almost no research has examined the relationship between student demographics and propensity to submit GRE scores. This is the first study to do so using a relatively large sample (N &gt; 15,000). We studied two demographic categories that are underrepresented in many academic disciplines: Females and racial/ethnic minorities (Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Multiracial, Native American/Pacific Islander applicants). Given the prominence of international students in U.S. graduate programs we also examined their presence in pools of GRE scores and nonsubmitters. Analyses were conducted at the overall sample level for applied, admitted, and enrolled students, and also master’s and doctoral programs in five academic disciplines. International students comprised larger portions of GRE score submitters than nonsubmitters among applied, admitted, and enrolled students. Members of racial/ethnic minorities comprised a larger percentage of GRE score nonsubmitters than submitters among applied but not admitted or enrolled students. Additionally, the 95% confidence intervals for female score submitters and non-submitters overlapped. More fine-grained analyses revealed additional differences: Racial/ethnic minority applicants were less likely to submit scores to humanities master’s, and STEM doctoral, programs. International applicants were more likely to submit scores to social sciences, nursing, and STEM master’s, and humanities and STEM doctoral, programs. Confidence intervals overlapped for all other comparisons. Descriptive trends varied across demographic groups, disciplines, and degree levels. Our results suggest that GRE-optional policies are neither a panacea nor a poison for graduate program diversity and that the effects of these policies need to be considered at fine-grained levels of analysis (e.g., academic discipline, degree level).

Racial Prejudice Predicts Less Desire to Learn About White Privilege

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 310-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Conway ◽  
Nikolette P. Lipsey ◽  
Gabrielle Pogge ◽  
Kate A. Ratliff
Keyword(s):  
White Privilege ◽  
Racial Prejudice ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
White People ◽  
Total N ◽  
Desire To Change

Abstract. White people often experience unpleasant emotions in response to learning about White privilege ( Phillips & Lowery, 2015 ; Pinterits, Poteat, & Spanierman, 2009 ). Two studies (total N = 1,310) examined how race attitudes relate to White people’s desires to avoid or learn information about White privilege. White participants completed measures of their race attitudes, desire to change White privilege, and their desire to avoid learning information about White privilege. Study 1 showed that participants who preferred their racial in-group reported less desire to change White privilege and greater desire to avoid learning information about White privilege. Inconsistent with expectations, Study 2 showed that participants who anticipated negative affective responses to learning about White privilege reported greater desire to change White privilege.

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