scholarly journals Perceptions of children’s mental capacities and self-reported parenting behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia C. Salo ◽  
Mia Letterie ◽  
Lucy S King ◽  
Kara Weisman ◽  
Kathryn Leigh Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Parent Gender ◽  
Mind Perception

We examined whether parents’ mind perception of young children (i.e., perceptions of young children’s cognitive, emotional, and perceptual capacities), as well as their interest in and curiosity about their own young child’s mental states are associated with parenting behavior. In a sample of 234 US parents (58% mothers; Mean age=35.62 years) of 3- to 5-year-olds, we found that mind perception, interest and curiosity, and self-reported positive parenting behavior were all positively related. Mediation analyses suggested that parents who attributed more mental capacities to young children in general were more interested in their own child’s mental states and, in turn, more likely to report engaging in positive parenting behaviors. Compared to fathers, mothers reported perceiving greater mental capacities in young children, and greater interest and curiosity in their own child’s mental states. We explored these perceptions as possible mediators for an association between parent gender and parenting behavior.

Parental Phubbing and Children’s Social Withdrawal and Aggression: A Moderated Mediation Model of Parenting Behaviors and Parents’ Gender

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110428
Author(s):  
Xingchao Wang ◽  
Yuran Qiao ◽  
Wenqing Li ◽  
Li Lei
Keyword(s):  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
Moderated Mediation Model ◽  
Early School

The present study sought to examine whether parental phubbing was significantly related to children’s social withdrawal and aggression, and determine whether positive and negative parenting behaviors mediated this association. We further examined whether parents’ gender moderated the direct and indirect relationships between parental phubbing and children’s social withdrawal and aggression. The participants included 465 Chinese fathers and mothers from different families, and each father or mother had one child from preschool and early school aged 4–10 years. They completed the measures regarding their experience with parental phubbing, positive and negative parenting behaviors, and children’s social withdrawal and aggression. Results showed that parental phubbing was positively related to children’s social withdrawal and aggression. Positive and negative parenting behaviors significantly mediated the associations between parental phubbing and children’s social withdrawal and aggression. Furthermore, parents’ gender moderated the relationships between parental phubbing and children’s social withdrawal and aggression. Specifically, in the mediating model of positive parenting behavior, the pathways from parental phubbing to children’s social withdrawal and parental phubbing to children’s aggression were significantly different. In the mediating model of negative behavior, the pathway from negative parenting behavior to children’s social withdrawal was significantly different.

scholarly journals Children’s Sensitivity to Reward Moderates the Association of Negative and Positive Parenting Behaviors in Child ADHD Symptoms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Janford Li
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Reward Processing ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Sensitivity To Reward ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Reward And Punishment

Atypical reward processing, including abnormal sensitivity to reward and punishment, has long been implicated in the etiology of ADHD. However, little is known about how these facets of behavior interact with positive (e.g., warmth, praise) and negative (e.g., hostility, harsh discipline) parenting behavior in the early expression of ADHD symptoms in young children. Understanding the interplay between children’s reward processing and parenting may be crucial for identifying specific treatment targets in psychosocial interventions for ADHD, especially given that not all children benefit from contingency-based treatments (e.g., parent management training). The study consisted of a community sample of kindergarten children (N = 184, 55% male) and their parents, who completed questionnaires about their parenting practices, their child’s behaviors and participated in an observed parent-child play task in the laboratory. Results showed that children’s sensitivity to reward and punishment were positively associated with child ADHD symptoms. Children’s sensitivity to reward significantly moderated the association of negative and positive parent behaviors on child ADHD symptoms. Children with high sensitivity to reward were less sensitive to variations in parental behavior, whereas children with low sensitivity to reward exhibited fewer ADHD symptoms under conditions of high global (i.e., self-reported) positive parenting, low global negative parenting and low observed negativity. Children’s sensitivity to punishment did not moderate the associations between positive and negative parenting behaviors and child ADHD symptoms. Results provide evidence that atypical reward processing may be an important of marker of risk for ADHD, but also highlights how children’s responses to positive and negative parenting behavior may vary by children’s reward processing. Clinical and treatment implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Parenting behavior and child ADHD

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
James Janford Li
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Negative Parenting ◽  
Child Adhd ◽  
Adhd Treatment ◽  
Reward Responsivity

Objective: Parenting behavior is a well-established correlate of offspring ADHD. Yet, little is known about how parenting exerts its effects on offspring ADHD. We examined whether prospective associations between positive and negative parenting behaviors and child ADHD symptoms are mediated by deficits in child executive function (EF) and reward responsivity (RR). Method: A total of 135 children, with and without ADHD were assessed at mean ages 6 and 8. Children completed tasks on EF, and parents completed questionnaires about their parenting, and their children’s RR and children’s ADHD symptoms. Results: Negative parenting (but not positive parenting) was indirectly associated with offspring ADHD subtypes via the effects of Wave 1 EF and RR at Wave 2. Conclusion: Individual differences in EF and RR during the early childhood years may constitute a potential pathway by which negative parenting behaviors exerts its effects on subsequent offspring ADHD. Treatment implications are discussed.

Does context matter? Effects of robot appearance and reliability on social attention differs based on lifelikeness of gaze task

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Abubshait ◽  
Patrick P. Weis ◽  
Eva Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Social Attention ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Mind Perception ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioral Features

Social signals, such as changes in gaze direction, are essential cues to predict others’ mental states and behaviors (i.e., mentalizing). Studies show that humans can mentalize with non-human agents when they perceive a mind in them (i.e., mind perception). Robots that physically and/or behaviorally resemble humans likely trigger mind perception, which enhances the relevance of social cues and improves social-cognitive performance. The current ex-periments examine whether the effect of physical and behavioral influencers of mind perception on social-cognitive processing is modulated by the lifelikeness of a social interaction. Participants interacted with robots of varying degrees of physical (humanlike vs. robot-like) and behavioral (reliable vs. random) human-likeness while the lifelikeness of a social attention task was manipulated across five experiments. The first four experiments manipulated lifelikeness via the physical realism of the robot images (Study 1 and 2), the biological plausibility of the social signals (Study 3), and the plausibility of the social con-text (Study 4). They showed that humanlike behavior affected social attention whereas appearance affected mind perception ratings. However, when the lifelikeness of the interaction was increased by using videos of a human and a robot sending the social cues in a realistic environment (Study 5), social attention mechanisms were affected both by physical appearance and behavioral features, while mind perception ratings were mainly affected by physical appearance. This indicates that in order to understand the effect of physical and behavioral features on social cognition, paradigms should be used that adequately simulate the lifelikeness of social interactions.

scholarly journals Observed positive parenting behaviors and youth genotype: Evidence for gene–environment correlations and moderation by parent personality traits

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline W. Oppenheimer ◽  
Benjamin L. Hankin ◽  
Jessica L. Jenness ◽  
Jami F. Young ◽  
Andrew Smolen
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Parent Personality

AbstractGene–environment correlations (rGE) have been demonstrated in behavioral genetic studies, but rGE have proven elusive in molecular genetic research. Significant gene–environment correlations may be difficult to detect because potential moderators could reduce correlations between measured genetic variants and the environment. Molecular genetic studies investigating moderated rGE are lacking. This study examined associations between child catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and aspects of positive parenting (responsiveness and warmth), and whether these associations were moderated by parental personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) among a general community sample of third, sixth, and ninth graders (N = 263) and their parents. Results showed that parent personality traits moderated the rGE association between youths' genotype and coded observations of positive parenting. Parents with low levels of neuroticism and high levels of extraversion exhibited greater sensitive responsiveness and warmth, respectively, to youth with the valine/valine genotype. Moreover, youth with this genotype exhibited lower levels of observed anger. There was no association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase genotype and parenting behaviors for parents high on neuroticism and low on extraversion. Findings highlight the importance of considering moderating variables that may influence child genetic effects on the rearing environment. Implications for developmental models of maladaptive and adaptive child outcomes, and interventions for psychopathology, are discussed within a developmental psychopathology framework.

scholarly journals Positive parenting behaviors in women who spontaneously quit smoking during pregnancy: Clues to putative targets for preventive interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suena H. Massey ◽  
Daniel K. Mroczek ◽  
James L. Burns ◽  
Caron A.C. Clark ◽  
Kimberly A. Espy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
Preventive Interventions ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Quit Smoking

Positive Parenting Behaviors: Impact on the Early Vocabulary of Infants/Toddlers With Cochlear Implants

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1210-1221
Author(s):  
Edith L. Bavin ◽  
Julia Sarant ◽  
Luke Prendergast ◽  
Peter Busby ◽  
Greg Leigh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Positive Parenting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Parent Child

Purpose To extend our knowledge about factors influencing early vocabulary development for infants with cochlear implants (CIs), we investigated the impact of positive parenting behaviors (PPBs) from the Indicator of Parent Child Interaction, used in parent–child interactions during everyday activities. Method Implantation age for the sample recruited from CI clinics in Australia ranged from 6 to 10 months for 22 children and from 11 to 21 months for 11 children. Three observation sessions at three monthly intervals were coded for use of PPBs. Children's productive vocabulary, based on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories parent checklist, was collected approximately 6 and 9 months later. A repeated-measures negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to investigate associations between the total PPBs per session, covariates (maternal education, gender, and time since implant), and the number of words produced. In follow-up analyses with the PPBs entered separately, variable selection was used to retain only those deemed informative, based on the Akaike information criterion. Results As early as Session 1, associations between the PPBs and vocabulary were identified. Time since implant had a positive effect. For different sessions, specific PPBs (descriptive language, follows child's lead, and acceptance and warmth) were identified as important contributors. Conclusions Complementing previous findings, valuable information was identified about parenting behaviors that are likely to impact positively the early vocabulary of infants with CIs. Of importance is providing parents with information and training in skills that have the potential to help create optimal contexts for promoting their child's early vocabulary development.

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