scholarly journals Designing locally-appropriate conservation incentives for small-scale fishers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollie Booth ◽  
M Said Ramdlan ◽  
Ayesha Hafizh ◽  
Karto Wongsopatty ◽  
Susana Mourato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Outcome Goals ◽  
Use Values ◽  
Combination Of Methods ◽  
Marine Megafauna ◽  
Business As Usual

Large, long-lived marine animals (‘marine megafauna’) play critical roles in ocean ecosystems, however, they are threatened by overfishing. Technologies and practices that reduce fisheries’ impacts on marine megafauna are well documented, yet less is known about how to encourage their adoption. This is particularly challenging in small-scale fisheries (SSFs), where endangered species can have important consumptive use values. We used a novel combination of methods – scenario interviews with contingent valuation (CV) – to investigate how incentive-based interventions might influence fisher behaviour and reduce mortality of Critically Endangered taxa (hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna spp.) and wedgefish (Rhynchobatus spp.)) in two case study SSFs in Indonesia. Scenario interviews revealed that positive performance-based incentives were almost unanimously supported (98% and 96% of fishers would stop landing hammerheads and wedgefish, respectively). This is in contrast to 1% and 6% under a business as usual control scenario, and 52% and 46% in response to a regulation with a fine. Using CV, we estimated that an incentive-based scheme for catch mitigation of all hammerheads and wedgefish across both sites could cost US$71,620-298,820 annually, and save up to 18,500 hammerheads and 2,140 wedgefish relative to current catch baselines. This study provides empirical evidence that performance-based payments could offer a cost-effective, legitimate and socially-just approach for marine conservation in SSFs, and support “a sustainable and equitable blue economy” and “living in harmony with nature”. This is particularly important with the growing adoption of net-outcome goals for biodiversity, with studies such as this providing the basis for locally-appropriate investment ready schemes for bycatch-neutral seafood supply chains.

scholarly journals A socio-psychological approach for understanding and managing bycatch in small-scale fisheries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hollie Booth ◽  
Muhammad Ichsan ◽  
Rizky Fajar Hermansyah ◽  
Lailia Nur Rohmah ◽  
Kusuma Banda Naira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Gill Net ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Marine Megafauna

Fisheries bycatch is the greatest threat to migratory, long-lived marine animals. Managing bycatch can be particularly problematic in small-scale mixed-species fisheries, where perceptions of target and non-target vary widely, and all catches have economic or subsistence value. Such fisheries are ubiquitous throughout the world’s oceans, and represent a cross-disciplinary challenge for biodiversity, food security and livelihoods. We offer a novel approach for addressing this challenge, drawing on well-established theories from behavioural and social sciences. We first typify bycatch as a spectrum rather than a clearly delineated component of catch, where the position of a species on this spectrum depends on fishers’ beliefs regarding the outcomes of bycatch-relevant behaviour. We then outline an approach to diagnose the underlying socio-psychological drivers of bycatch, based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. Finally, we illustrate the approach using an empirical case study, exploring fishers’ beliefs regarding bycatch-relevant behaviour for three endangered species in a small-scale gill net fishery in Indonesia. We show how a socio-psychological approach can help to identify conflicts and synergies between bycatch mitigation and fishers’ beliefs, thus informing more effective and socially-just interventions for marine megafauna conservation. We emphasize the need to understand human dimensions of bycatch, especially in SSFs, where technical fixes alone will be insufficient to change behaviour. Rather, interdisciplinary approaches are needed to align fishers’ needs with conservation objectives. Our spectrum and approach could be widely applied for disentangling drivers of bycatch in other SSFs, and designing interventions which support effective and equitable marine conservation.

scholarly journals Supporting Spatial Management of Data-Poor, Small-Scale Fisheries With a Bayesian Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Rehren ◽  
Maria Grazia Pennino ◽  
Marta Coll ◽  
Narriman Jiddawi ◽  
Christopher Muhando
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Target Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Spatial Management

Marine conservation areas are an important tool for the sustainable management of multispecies, small-scale fisheries. Effective spatial management requires a proper understanding of the spatial distribution of target species and the identification of its environmental drivers. Small-scale fisheries, however, often face scarcity and low-quality of data. In these situations, approaches for the prioritization of conservation areas need to deal with scattered, biased, and short-term information and ideally should quantify data- and model-specific uncertainties for a better understanding of the risks related to management interventions. We used a Bayesian hierarchical species distribution modeling approach on annual landing data of the heavily exploited, small-scale, and data-poor fishery of Chwaka Bay (Zanzibar) in the Western Indian Ocean to understand the distribution of the key target species and identify potential areas for conservation. Few commonalities were found in the set of important habitat and environmental drivers among species, but temperature, depth, and seagrass cover affected the spatial distribution of three of the six analyzed species. A comparison of our results with information from ecological studies suggests that our approach predicts the distribution of the analyzed species reasonably well. Furthermore, the two main common areas of high relative abundance identified in our study have been previously suggested by the local fisher as important areas for spatial conservation. By using short-term, catch per unit of effort data in a Bayesian hierarchical framework, we quantify the associated uncertainties while accounting for spatial dependencies. More importantly, the use of accessible and interpretable tools, such as the here created spatial maps, can frame a better understanding of spatio-temporal management for local fishers. Our approach, thus, supports the operability of spatial management in small-scale fisheries suffering from a general lack of long-term fisheries information and fisheries independent data.

scholarly journals Marine megafauna interactions with small-scale fisheries in the southwestern Indian Ocean: a review of status and challenges for research and management

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Temple ◽  
Jeremy J. Kiszka ◽  
Selina M. Stead ◽  
Nina Wambiji ◽  
Atanásio Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Marine Megafauna ◽  
Southwestern Indian Ocean

scholarly journals Marine megafauna catch in southwestern Indian Ocean small-scale fisheries from landings data

2019 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Temple ◽  
Nina Wambiji ◽  
Chris N.S. Poonian ◽  
Narriman Jiddawi ◽  
Selina M. Stead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Marine Megafauna ◽  
Southwestern Indian Ocean

scholarly journals Participatory Research with Fishers to Improve Knowledge on Small-Scale Fisheries in Tropical Rivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Azevedo Matias Silvano ◽  
Gustavo Hallwass
Keyword(s):  
Participatory Research ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Participatory Research Methods ◽  
Peacock Bass

Freshwater small-scale fisheries sustain millions of livelihoods worldwide, but a lack of monitoring makes it difficult to check the sustainability of these fisheries. We aim to compare and describe participatory research methods used in studies with fishers in the Tapajos River, a poorly known tropical river in the Brazilian Amazon. We address three interview approaches, two ways to do fisheries monitoring and two approaches for georeferenced mapping based on fishers’ knowledge, which can provide data about at least 16 topics related to fisheries. We highlight major advantages and shortcomings of these methods and illustrate their potential with examples of results on fisheries and fish biology of Peacock bass (Cichla spp. tucunaré in Brazil), an important commercial fish in the Brazilian Amazon. The interviews, participatory monitoring and mapping revealed which fish are more valued by local communities, how fish abundance and sizes varied over time, when fish are more often caught and show reproductive activity, and which sites or habitats fish need to reproduce. In addition to providing useful data from many sites in a cost-effective way, participatory methods can bring the additional benefit of including local stakeholders in the monitoring, management, and research activities.

Urban pollution control strategy: SBR technology to treat agricultural waste from pig farm in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Number Of Customers

Reduction of food rations and shortages is one of the impacts of the increasing human population. Food sector industries then try to cope with the fast growing number of customers. Agribusiness sector gains its popularity in these recent years, including pig farm. The increase trend of animal farming industry is likely to bring increasing pollution problem unless effective treatment methods are used. The main problems related to the pig farm include odor nuisance and pig manure disposal. The existing land application of piggery wastewater is the traditional way to discharge the wastewater. This may yield in land and water contamination, due to the accumulation of unused nutrients by crop plant. A case study of a large commercial pig farm from Australia is proposed to apply in smaller scale in Indonesia. Operational strategies for the small-scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) treating piggery effluent were developed based on lab-scale experiments. Due to SBR characteristics, which are money-saving and space-saving, it is very suitable to be applied in urban area. An economic evaluation was made of various process options. The cost estimation showed that SBR is a cost effective process, allowing operational batches to be adjusted to reduce unnecessary aeration cost. A reduction in the aeration cost was achieved by shortening the batch time from 24-h to 8-h. A comparison of three different SBR options showed that smaller size reactors could be more flexible and cost effective when compared with the larger ones.

Dysbaric osteonecrosis associated with decompression sickness in a fishing diver

2019 ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Eduardo Briceño-Souza ◽  
◽  
Nina Méndez-Domínguez ◽  
Ricardo j Cárdenas-Dajda ◽  
Walter Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
Decompression Stress ◽  
Probable Diagnosis

Diving as a method of fishing is used worldwide in small-scale fisheries. However, one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among fishermen is decompression sickness (DCS). We report the case of a 46-year-old male fisherman diver who presented with chronic inguinal pain that radiated to the lower left limb. Living and working in a fishing port in Yucatan, he had a prior history of DCS. A diagnosis of avascular necrosis in the left femoral head secondary to DCS was made via analysis of clinical and radiological findings. The necrosis was surgically resolved by a total hip arthroplasty. Dysbaric osteonecrosis is a more probable diagnosis. In this region fishermen undergo significant decompression stress in their daily fishing efforts. Further studies regarding prevalence of dysbaric osteonecrosis among small-scale fisheries divers are needed. In a community where DCS is endemic and has become an epidemic, as of late, the perception of this health risk remains low. Furthermore, training and decompression technique are lacking among the fishing communities.

scholarly journals Fisheries Sustainability through Soft Multi-Use Maritime Spatial Planning and Local Development Co-Management: Potentials and Challenges in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Sofia I. Kyvelou ◽  
Dimitrios G. Ierapetritis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Artisanal Fisheries ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Island Communities ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning

Small-scale fisheries in the Mediterranean represent a significant part of the fisheries industry and their substantial social, economic and place attachment related role has always been acknowledged in the region. Despite the fact that this usually family-based endeavor has a vast economic impact on coastal and island communities of the sea-basin, data and insights on the Mediterranean artisanal fisheries continue to be inadequately developed and poorly integrated in the local development strategies. Thus, the aim of this research is two-fold. Firstly, it presents some data and facts on the fisheries sector in the region and secondly it explores the options of their survival, prosperity and sustainability, approaching the combination of fisheries and tourism as a small-scale and soft “multi-use” in the marine space. Greece, with a huge potential in both the fisheries and the tourism sector, was used as focus area where a co-development process was designed aiming to identify advantages/potentials and challenges/disadvantages of the co-existence of artisanal fisheries and tourism, as perceived by a series of stakeholders including the co-management schemes (Fisheries Local Action Groups, FLAGs) in the country. Key conclusion is that sustainable livelihood from small-scale fisheries depends on the correlation between fisheries and other marine activities. Despite some limitations, this can boost sustainable local development and be a unique pattern of a “win-win” and soft multi-use marine spatial planning (MSP), with economic, environmental, social, cultural and governance related benefits for the coastal communities.

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