scholarly journals Lampiran 1C Paper An investigation into the effectiveness of sand media amended with biochar to remove BOD5, suspended solids and coliforms using wetland mesocosms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Better Than

Constructed wetland ecotechnologies (CWEs) are a promising solution to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand media amended with woody biochar and two plants species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Cymbopogon citratus) in removing biological oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids and coliforms. The experimental design consisted of 21 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were seven media treatments using sand amended with varying proportions of biochar. During the first 8 months, the mesocosms were loaded with secondary clarified wastewater (SCW) then septage. The influent had a 4-day hydraulic retention time. Samples were monitored for BOD5, total suspended solids (TSS), total volatile solids (TVS), total coliforms and faecal coliforms. In the first 8 months, there were no significant performance differences between media treatments in the outflow concentrations of BOD5, TSS and TVS. The significant differences occurred during the last 3 months; using septage with biochar additions performed better than pure sand. For coliforms, the significant differences occurred after 6 months. In conclusion, the addition of biochar was not effective for SCW. The VF mesocosms system proved to be more effective in removing BOD5, TSS, TVS and coliforms when septage was loaded into the media.

scholarly journals An investigation into the effectiveness of sand media amended with biochar to remove BOD5, suspended solids and coliforms using wetland mesocosms

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1536-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. de Rozari ◽  
M. Greenway ◽  
A. El Hanandeh
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
The Media ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Better Than

Constructed wetland ecotechnologies (CWEs) are a promising solution to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand media amended with woody biochar and two plants species (Melaleuca quinquenervia and Cymbopogon citratus) in removing biological oxygen demand (BOD5), suspended solids and coliforms. The experimental design consisted of 21 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were seven media treatments using sand amended with varying proportions of biochar. During the first 8 months, the mesocosms were loaded with secondary clarified wastewater (SCW) then septage. The influent had a 4-day hydraulic retention time. Samples were monitored for BOD5, total suspended solids (TSS), total volatile solids (TVS), total coliforms and faecal coliforms. In the first 8 months, there were no significant performance differences between media treatments in the outflow concentrations of BOD5, TSS and TVS. The significant differences occurred during the last 3 months; using septage with biochar additions performed better than pure sand. For coliforms, the significant differences occurred after 6 months. In conclusion, the addition of biochar was not effective for SCW. The VF mesocosms system proved to be more effective in removing BOD5, TSS, TVS and coliforms when septage was loaded into the media.

scholarly journals Lampiran 3B Paper Penurunan Konsentrasi BOD5, COD dan Padatan Tersuspensi pada Air Limbah dengan Menggunakan Teknologi Lahan Basah Buatan (Constructed Wetland)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philiphi de Rozari
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
The Media ◽  
Promising Solution

Constructed wetlands are a promising solution technology to effectively treat domestic wastewater in developing countries at low cost. This paper reports the findings of the effectiveness of sand planted with Thypa latifolia with variation of the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media in removing BOD5, COD, and suspended solids. The experimental design consisted of 12 vertical flow (VF) mesocosms. There were 3 treatments and one control based on the with variation of the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media (7, 14, and 21 cm). During the five months, the mesocosms were loaded with syntethic wastewater. The influent had a 2-day hydraulic retention time. Samples were monitored for BOD5, COD and TSS. The results showed the concetration of BOD5, COD and TSS reduced significantly after the wastewater were treated with constructed wetland systems. The trend showed that the constructed wetland systems planted with Thypa latifolia had a better performance in comparison with the control. There were no significant differences of BOD5 COD, and suspended solid outflow among 7, 14 and 21 of constructed wetland systems. This indicated that the length of outflow measured from the bottom of the media did not influence the performance of constructed wetland systems in removing BOD5, COD and TSS

scholarly journals Performance of Filterbeds and Macrophytes in Vertical Constructed Wetland for Treating Domestic Sewage Effluent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanitha Thammaiah ◽  
Manjunatha Hebbara ◽  
Manjunatha Mudukapla Virupakshappa
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract An experiment with different filterbeds and macrophytes was carried-out to study their phytoremediation capacity on the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland (CW) during November to March, 2017-18 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad campus, Karnataka, India. Twenty treatment combinations involving five types of filterbeds (FB-1: gravel, FB-2: gravel-sand-gravel, FB-3: gavel-sand-brick-gravel, FB-4: gravel-sand-charcoal-gravel and FB-5: gravel-sand-(charcoal+brick)-gravel) and four macrophytes (MP-1: Typha latifolia, MP-2: Brachiaria mutica, MP-3: Canna indica and MP-4: Phragmites sps.) were evaluated for treating domestic wastewater. After 120 days from start, across treatment combinations, water electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved and suspended solids (TDS-TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), bicarbonates, total nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) and boron (B) were reduced by more than 40 per cent due to wetland treatment. The system enhanced the mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) fractions. Among filterbeds, Type-5 caused higher reduction in pH, EC, BOD, COD and Organic-N while, Type-4 proved efficient in removing total solids and lowering pH in the sewage effluent. The Type-3 filterbed removed more suspended solids, potassium and ammoniacal nitrogen. Among the macrophytes, Brachiaria (paragrass) removed more nitrogen and potassium while, Phragmites removed more nitrogen, phosphorus and boron. The flexibility of implementation allows the CW to be adapted to different sites with different configurations, being suitable as main, secondary or tertiary treatment stage.

Wastewater Treatment for Effluent Reuse: Lime-Induced Removal of Excreted Pathogens

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Gambrill ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
S. A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Effluent Reuse ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Crop Irrigation

High quality effluents suitable for crop irrigation can be produced by lime and Clarifloc treatment of raw domestic wastewater: in laboratory jar-test experiments the average percentage removals were 99.999 for faecal coliforms, 99 – 99.9 for salmonellae, 99.9 – 100 for total parasites and 99 – 99.9 percent for rotavirus. The average removals of COD and suspended solids were 79 – 87 and 97 percent respectively. Clarifloc treatment was marginally better than that achieved by lime.

scholarly journals Performance comparison of uninsulated and insulated hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) operating at warm temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (9) ◽  
pp. 1879-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Khalekuzzaman ◽  
Muhammed Alamgir ◽  
Mehedi Hasan ◽  
Md Nahid Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Abstract In this research, a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) configuration was proposed consisting of a front sedimentation chamber and four regular baffled chambers followed by two floated filter media chambers for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Performance comparison of uninsulated and insulated HABRs was carried out operating at warm temperature (18.6–37.6 °C) under variable HRTs (30 h and 20 h). The study suggests that almost similar chemical oxygen demand (91% vs 88%), total suspended solids (90% vs 95%), turbidity (98% vs 97%), and volatile suspended solids (90% vs 93%) removal efficiencies were obtained for uninsulated and insulated HABRs. Higher removal of total nitrogen (TN) of 41%, NH4+-N of 44%, and NO3−-N of 91% were achieved by the insulated HABR compared to TN of 37%, NH4+-N of 36%, and NO3−-N of 84% by the uninsulated HABR, whereas lower PO43− removal efficiency of 17% was found in the insulated HABR compared to 24% in the uninsulated HABR. This indicated insulation increased nitrogen removal efficiencies by 4% for TN, 8% for NH4+-N and 7% for NO3−-N, but decreased PO43−removal efficiency by 7%.

Performance of an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor coupled with anoxic and aerobic bioreactors for treating poultry slaughterhouse wastewater

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Basitere ◽  
Y. Williams ◽  
M. S. Sheldon ◽  
S. K. O. Ntwampe ◽  
D. De Jager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Aerobic Bioreactors

Generally, slaughterhouses have the largest consumption of fresh water and thus generate large quantities of high strength wastewater, which can be treated successfully using low cost biological treatment processes. In this study, the feasibility of using an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) anaerobic reactor coupled with anoxic and aerobic bioreactors for the treatment of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater was investigated. The poultry slaughterhouse was characterized by high chemical oxygen demand (COD), 2 to 6 g/L, with average biological oxygen demand of 2.4 g/L and average fats, oil and grease (FOG) being 0.55 g/L. A continuous EGSB anaerobic reactor was operated for 26 days at different hydraulic retention times (HRT), i.e. 7, 4, 3 days, and organic loading rates (OLR) of 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 g COD/L.day, respectively, to assess the bioremediation of the poultry slaughterhouse wastewater. The average COD removal from the EGSB was 40%, 57% and 55% at the different OLR and HRT assessed. At high OLR of 1.0 g COD/L.day, the overall COD removal from the system (EGSB-anoxic/aerobic) averaged 65%. The system experienced periodical sludge washout during high FOG and suspended solids loading. It was concluded that the EGSB system requires a dissolved air flotation system, for FOG/suspended solid reduction, as the performance of the overall system was observed to deteriorate over time due to the presence of a high quantity of FOG including suspended solids.

Sludge production and oxygen demand in nutrient removal activated sludge systems

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Barker ◽  
P. L. Dold
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Results of model simulations indicate that without the assumption of COD loss, predictions of oxygen consumption and volatile suspended solids production are significantly over-estimated for biological excess phosphorus removal (BEPR) activated sludge systems (and to a lesser extent anoxic-aerobic systems). These systems apparently consume less oxygen and produce less volatile solids than aerobic systems for the same amount of COD removal. A general model for biological nutrient removal systems has recently been presented by Barker and Dold. Three mechanisms for COD loss are suggested, based on results of COD balances for different types of activated sludge system. Model simulation results with and without the assumption of COD loss are discussed, as well as the influence of influent COD composition on predictions of volatile suspended solids concentration/production and oxygen consumption.

Tolerance to hydraulic and organic load fluctuations in constructed wetlands

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Masi ◽  
N. Martinuzzi ◽  
R. Bresciani ◽  
L. Giovannelli ◽  
G. Conte
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Remote Areas

This paper describes a two-year performance evaluation of four different constructed wetland (CW) treatment systems designed by IRIDRA Srl, located in central Italy. All four CW systems were established to treat wastewater effluent from different tourist activities: (1) one single-stage CW for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater (30 p.e.) at a holiday farm site; (2) a hybrid compact system consisting of two stages, a horizontal flow (HF) system followed by a vertical flow (VF) system for the secondary treatment of effluent from a 140 p.e. tourist resort; (3) a single-stage vertical flow (VF) CW for a 100 p.e. mountain shelter; and (4) a pair of single-stage, HF CWs for the secondary treatment of segregated grey and black water produced by an 80 p.e. camping site. These tourism facilities are located in remote areas and share some common characteristics concerning their water management: they have high variability of water consumption and wastewater flow, depending on the season, weather and weekly regularities; they have no connection to a public sewer and most sites are located in a sensitive environment. Total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), ammonium (N-NH+4), nitrate (N-NOx), total nitrogen (Ntot), total phosphorus (Ptot), total coliform (TC), faecal coliform (FC), E. coli removal efficiencies for all four CW systems are presented. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of CWs as a suitable technology for treating wastewater from tourism facilities in remote areas. A very efficient COD reduction (83–95%) and pathogen elimination (3–5 logs) have been achieved. Furthermore, the CWs are easily maintained, robust (not sensitive to peak flows), constructed with local materials, and operate with relatively low cost.

Removal of Suspended Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Color from Domestic Wastewater Using Sago Starch as Coagulant

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 519-524
Author(s):  
Wan Izatul Saadiah Wan Kamar ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz ◽  
Siti Fatihah Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Wastewater Sample ◽  
Sago Starch ◽  
Rapid Mixing ◽  
Slow Mixing

Sago starch has been widely used in industrial fields, especially in food, non-food, and animal feed biotechnology. Malaysia is one of the highest local sources of sago starch. The alternative use of sago starch as a coagulant for domestic wastewater treatment was investigated in this study. The wastewater sample was collected from the Juru Regional Sewage Treatment Plant in Juru, Penang. The studied parameters include the chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids, and color. Standard jar test procedures were conducted. The initial operating conditions were 200 rpm for 3 min of rapid mixing, 40 rpm for 30 min of slow mixing, and 30 min of settling. The optimum conditions included a pH of 7 and dosage of 2000 mg/L, with rapid mixing at 100 rpm for 1 min, slow mixing at 20 rpm for 30 min, and 18 min of settling. The removal rate of COD and color at these conditions was 70%. Simultaneously, 82% of SS was also removed. The results indicated that sago starch has good potential to treat domestic wastewater; the coagulant may also efficiently treat other types of wastewater.

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