scholarly journals Perceptions of behaviour efficacy, not perceptions of threat, are drivers of COVID-19 protective behaviour in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Kojan ◽  
Laura Burbach ◽  
Martina Ziefle ◽  
André Sergej Calero Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Normative Beliefs ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
Protective Behaviour ◽  
Behavioural Theories

In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical protective measures taken by individuals remain pivotal. Based on existing empirical findings as well as prominent behavioural theories, a partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) of predictors for pandemic protective behaviour was estimated using a representative German sample (n = 437). The study was preregistered at OSF. The model explains 69% of the variance for behavioural intention, which is strongly correlated with behaviour (rho= .84). The most influential predictor for protective behaviour is its perceived efficacy, followed by normative beliefs and perceptions about costs for protective behaviour. Distrusting beliefs in science and scientists negatively predicted response perceptions and were also strongly and negatively correlated with behaviour. Knowledge about COVID-19 was weakly linked with perceived response efficacy, as well as with behaviour. These findings suggest that communication strategies surrounding COVID-19 should emphasise the efficacy of responses and foster a sense of responsibility.

scholarly journals Assessing perceptions of COVID-19 self-protective measures: a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Mehrolia ◽  
Subburaj Alagarsamy ◽  
Jeevananda S
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioral Determinants

PurposeThis study aimed to develop scales to assess perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-protective measures (SPMs) and examine the psychometric properties based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB).Design/methodology/approachA total of 412 participants from Bangalore, India, randomly volunteered to participate in this research. The questionnaire consisted of items related to the TPB scales and demographic details.FindingsA structural equation model showed a reasonable model fit. In total, 70% of the individuals' behavioral intentions of following COVID-19 SPMs were predicted by perceived benefits, barriers, social norms and social influence. Participants' age impacted on perceived benefits and perceived social influence and individuals' behavioral intentions of following COVID-19 SPMs, with a 13.6% difference in model prediction.Originality/valueThe TPB can be used as a strong psychometric property to assess behavioral determinants of COVID-19 SPMs.

scholarly journals Changing health compliance through message repetition based on the extended parallel process model in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Yang ◽  
Xue Wu ◽  
Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽  
Yuki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
Behavior Intention

When people are confronted with health proposals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been suggested that fear of COVID-19 can serve protective functions and ensure public health compliance. However, health proposal repetition and its perceived efficacy also influence the behavior intention toward the proposal, which has not yet been confirmed in the COVID-19 context. The present study aims to examine whether the extended parallel process model (EPPM) can be generalized to a naturalistic context like the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we will explore how repetition of a health proposal is involved with the EPPM. In this study, two groups of participants are exposed to the same health proposal related to COVID-19, where one group is exposed once and another group twice. They then fill out a questionnaire consisting of items concerning behavior intention and adapted from the Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale. Structural equation modeling will be used to determine the multivariate associations between the variables. We predict that repetition of the health proposal will associate with response efficacy (i.e., a belief about the effectiveness of the health proposal in deterring the threat) and perceived susceptibility (i.e., a belief about the risk of experiencing the threat). It is also predicted that following the EPPM, behavior intention will associate with both perceived efficacy of the health proposal, which will underlie response efficacy, and perceived threat of COVID-19, which will underlie perceived susceptibility. We will discuss the process, based on the model, where health message repetition affects behavior intention during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING INDONESIAN CITIZEN'S INTENTIONS TO TAKE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES AND FOLLOW A STAY-AT-HOME ORDER TO LIMIT THE SPREAD OF COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Satria Fadil Persada ◽  
Bobby Ardiansyah Miraja ◽  
Prita Prasetya ◽  
Berto Mulia Wibawa ◽  
Reny Nadlifatin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
At Home

Purpose of the study: This study is aimed to analyze the factors which influence the Intention of the Indonesian public to take personal protective measures and follow the stay-at-home order. Methodology: This study was a cross-sectional study, using an instrument of an online questionnaire consisting of 75 questions. A total of 8 hypotheses, built on the foundation of the TPB and PMT model, was tested. The hypotheses were tested using a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). An online questionnaire was distributed in May 2020 with the target population of the Indonesian public, especially the ones who have a stay-at-home order in their cities. Main Findings: All 8 hypotheses were accepted. In the TPB model, It was revealed that Attitude (AT), Subjective Norms (SN), and Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) significantly affect the public Intention to take personal protective measures. While in the PMT model, Perceived Vulnerability (PV), Perceived Severity (PS), Self-efficacy (SE), Response Efficacy (RE), and Response Cost (RC) have significant relationships with the public Intention to follow a stay-at-home order. Applications of this study: Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) is found to be a powerful predictor of the public Intention to take personal protective measures while for the compliance towards stay-at-home order, Response Efficacy (RE) is found to be a powerful predictor. Therefore, governments and public health organizations are encouraged to focus on giving educations to the public of how a stay-at-home order could be a crucial thing to do in combating COVID-19 promoting to the public that taking personal protective measures is a good thing and not a hard action to do. Novelty/Originality of this study: We addressed COVID-19 in a novel way, which is understanding people's underlying psychological factors that influence particular COVID-19 related behaviors. By doing so, this study helps researchers and policymakers in making the appropriate policies and recommendations in slowing the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Changing health compliance through message repetition based on the extended parallel process model in the COVID-19 pandemic

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Yang ◽  
Xue Wu ◽  
Kyoshiro Sasaki ◽  
Yuki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Parallel Process ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Extended Parallel Process Model ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Perceived Susceptibility ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
Behavior Intention

When people are confronted with health proposals during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been suggested that fear of COVID-19 can serve protective functions and ensure public health compliance. However, health proposal repetition and its perceived efficacy also influence the behavior intention toward the proposal, which has not yet been confirmed in the COVID-19 context. The present study aims to examine whether the extended parallel process model (EPPM) can be generalized to a naturalistic context like the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we will explore how repetition of a health proposal is involved with the EPPM. In this study, two groups of participants are exposed to the same health proposal related to COVID-19, where one group is exposed once and another group twice. They then fill out a questionnaire consisting of items concerning behavior intention and adapted from the Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale. Structural equation modeling will be used to determine the multivariate associations between the variables. We predict that repetition of the health proposal will associate with response efficacy (i.e., a belief about the effectiveness of the health proposal in deterring the threat) and perceived susceptibility (i.e., a belief about the risk of experiencing the threat). It is also predicted that following the EPPM, behavior intention will associate with both perceived efficacy of the health proposal, which will underlie response efficacy, and perceived threat of COVID-19, which will underlie perceived susceptibility. We will discuss the process, based on the model, where health message repetition affects behavior intention during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Idiographic Dynamics of Positive Affect in GAD

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-509
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Bosley ◽  
Devon B. Sandel ◽  
Aaron J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Automatic Search ◽  
Time Lagged ◽  
Exploratory Procedure

Abstract. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is associated with worry and emotion regulation difficulties. The contrast-avoidance model suggests that individuals with GAD use worry to regulate emotion: by worrying, they maintain a constant state of negative affect (NA), avoiding a feared sudden shift into NA. We tested an extension of this model to positive affect (PA). During a week-long ecological momentary assessment (EMA) period, 96 undergraduates with a GAD analog provided four daily measurements of worry, dampening (i.e., PA suppression), and PA. We hypothesized a time-lagged mediation relationship in which higher worry predicts later dampening, and dampening predicts subsequently lower PA. A lag-2 structural equation model was fit to the group-aggregated data and to each individual time-series to test this hypothesis. Although worry and PA were negatively correlated in 87 participants, our model was not supported at the nomothetic level. However, idiographically, our model was well-fit for about a third (38.5%) of participants. We then used automatic search as an idiographic exploratory procedure to detect other time-lagged relationships between these constructs. While 46 individuals exhibited some cross-lagged relationships, no clear pattern emerged across participants. An alternative hypothesis about the speed of the relationship between variables is discussed using contemporaneous correlations of worry, dampening, and PA. Findings suggest heterogeneity in the function of worry as a regulatory strategy, and the importance of temporal scale for detection of time-lagged effects.

Differential Item Functioning in Brief Instruments of Disordered Eating

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Thielemann ◽  
Felicitas Richter ◽  
Bernd Strauss ◽  
Elmar Braehler ◽  
Uwe Altmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Item Functioning ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
German Population ◽  
Test Fairness ◽  
Item Functioning ◽  
Multiple Indicator

Abstract. Most instruments for the assessment of disordered eating were developed and validated in young female samples. However, they are often used in heterogeneous general population samples. Therefore, brief instruments of disordered eating should assess the severity of disordered eating equally well between individuals with different gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES). Differential item functioning (DIF) of two brief instruments of disordered eating (SCOFF, Eating Attitudes Test [EAT-8]) was modeled in a representative sample of the German population ( N = 2,527) using a multigroup item response theory (IRT) and a multiple-indicator multiple-cause (MIMIC) structural equation model (SEM) approach. No DIF by age was found in both questionnaires. Three items of the EAT-8 showed DIF across gender, indicating that females are more likely to agree than males, given the same severity of disordered eating. One item of the EAT-8 revealed slight DIF by BMI. DIF with respect to the SCOFF seemed to be negligible. Both questionnaires are equally fair across people with different age and SES. The DIF by gender that we found with respect to the EAT-8 as screening instrument may be also reflected in the use of different cutoff values for men and women. In general, both brief instruments assessing disordered eating revealed their strengths and limitations concerning test fairness for different groups.

The Influence of Cognitive and Affective Reactions to Feedback on Subsequent Goals

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remus Ilies ◽  
Timothy A. Judge ◽  
David T. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Performance Feedback ◽  
Business School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dispositional Measure ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reactions To Feedback

This paper focuses on explaining how individuals set goals on multiple performance episodes, in the context of performance feedback comparing their performance on each episode with their respective goal. The proposed model was tested through a longitudinal study of 493 university students’ actual goals and performance on business school exams. Results of a structural equation model supported the proposed conceptual model in which self-efficacy and emotional reactions to feedback mediate the relationship between feedback and subsequent goals. In addition, as expected, participants’ standing on a dispositional measure of behavioral inhibition influenced the strength of their emotional reactions to negative feedback.

Forced Zero Cross-Loading Misspecifications in Measurement Component of Structural Equation Models

Methodology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Yuan Hsu ◽  
Susan Troncoso Skidmore ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Bruce Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Model Specification ◽  
Simulation Design ◽  
Measurement Models ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Path Coefficients

The purpose of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of constraining near-zero parameter cross-loadings to zero in the measurement component of a structural equation model. A Monte Carlo 3 × 5 × 2 simulation design was conducted (i.e., sample sizes of 200, 600, and 1,000; parameter cross-loadings of 0.07, 0.10, 0.13, 0.16, and 0.19 misspecified to be zero; and parameter path coefficients in the structural model of either 0.50 or 0.70). Results indicated that factor pattern coefficients and factor covariances were overestimated in measurement models when near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were higher than 0.13 in the population. Moreover, the path coefficients between factors were misestimated when the near-zero parameter cross-loadings constrained to zero were noteworthy. Our results add to the literature detailing the importance of testing individual model specification decisions, and not simply evaluating omnibus model fit statistics.

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