scholarly journals The Wisdom in Virtue: Pursuit of Virtue Predicts Wise Reasoning about Personal Conflicts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Huynh ◽  
Harrison Oakes ◽  
Garret Shay ◽  
Ian McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Reasoning Strategies ◽  
Personal Ideals ◽  
Do So

Most people can reason relatively wisely about others’ social conflicts, but often struggle to do so about their own (i.e., Solomon’s Paradox; Grossmann & Kross, 2014). We suggest that true wisdom should involve the ability to reason wisely about others’ and one’s own social conflicts. The present studies investigate the pursuit of virtue as a construct that predicts this broader capacity for wisdom. Results across two studies support prior Solomon’s Paradox findings: participants (N = 623) expressed greater wisdom (e.g., intellectual humility, adopting outsider’s perspectives) about others’ social conflicts than their own. The pursuit of virtue (e.g., pursuing personal ideals and contributing to others) moderated these results. In both studies, high virtue pursuit was associated with a greater endorsement of wise reasoning strategies for one’s own personal conflicts, reducing the discrepancy in wise reasoning between one’s own and others’ social conflicts. Implications and mechanisms are explored and discussed.

scholarly journals The Wisdom in Virtue: Pursuit of Virtue Predicts Wise Reasoning About Personal Conflicts

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1848-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex C. Huynh ◽  
Harrison Oakes ◽  
Garrett R. Shay ◽  
Ian McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Reasoning Strategies ◽  
Personal Ideals ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Do So

Most people can reason relatively wisely about others’ social conflicts, but often struggle to do so about their own (i.e., Solomon’s paradox). We suggest that true wisdom should involve the ability to reason wisely about both others’ and one’s own social conflicts, and we investigated the pursuit of virtue as a construct that predicts this broader capacity for wisdom. Results across two studies support prior findings regarding Solomon’s paradox: Participants ( N = 623) more strongly endorsed wise-reasoning strategies (e.g., intellectual humility, adopting an outsider’s perspective) for resolving other people’s social conflicts than for resolving their own. The pursuit of virtue (e.g., pursuing personal ideals and contributing to other people) moderated this effect of conflict type. In both studies, greater endorsement of the pursuit of virtue was associated with greater endorsement of wise-reasoning strategies for one’s own personal conflicts; as a result, participants who highly endorsed the pursuit of virtue endorsed wise-reasoning strategies at similar levels for resolving their own social conflicts and resolving other people’s social conflicts. Implications of these results and underlying mechanisms are explored and discussed.

scholarly journals Berdamai dengan Pluralitas Paham Keberagamaan

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Biyanto Biyanto
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Religious Plurality ◽  
Religious Understanding ◽  
Do So

<p>The article asserts that plurality—particularly with respect to religious understanding—is a certainty and an avoidable matter, which should be wisely addressed. This is a pivotal issue as the fact shows us that Indonesia, naturally and culturally, consists of various different ethnic groups. Bhinneka Tuggal Ika—as national watchword—affirms that Indonesia is founded on diversity and difference. However, Indonesian nation has to unite despite of its diversity. In addition, Indonesia is also called a colorful state. This statement refers to the fact that there are a vast number of different ethnic groups, cultures, and religions that live and exist in this country. Empirically, plurality has often caused social conflicts which involve interfaith groups with different religious understanding. The conflict occurs when these different groups are unprepared to live together harmoniously and build coexistence. Therefore, it is important to continuously promote the values of pluralism and multiculturalism in order to create a better life order based on acceptance, respect, and tolerance. To do so, emotional and intellectual intelligences—as “social modal”—are urgently required. The writer argues that this is a way—if not the sole—to bring about solution to the problem of religious plurality and religious understanding.</p>

From persuasive messages to tactics: Exploring children’s knowledge and judgement of new advertising formats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 2604-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter De Pauw ◽  
Ralf De Wolf ◽  
Liselot Hudders ◽  
Veroline Cauberghe
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Persuasive Messages ◽  
Brand Placement ◽  
Reasoning Strategies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Societal Actors ◽  
Advertising Literacy ◽  
Brand Integration ◽  
Do So

Despite that contemporary advertising is decreasingly about persuading children through persuasive messages and increasingly about influencing them through implicit tactics, little attention has been given to how children may cope with advertising by understanding and evaluating the new advertising tactics. Drawing on 12 focus groups entailing 60 children of ages 9–11 years, this article investigates children’s advertising literacy by exploring their knowledge and judgements (and accordingly reasoning strategies) of the new advertising formats. In particular, insight is provided into children’s critical reflection on the tactics of brand integration, interactivity and personalization in the advertising formats brand placement, advergames and retargeted pre-roll video ads on social media. It is shown that while children not spontaneously do so, they appear to have the ability to understand these tactics and form judgements about their (moral) appropriateness, thereby considering a wide range of societal actors.

Abjection as Gothic and the Gothic as Abjection

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-126
Author(s):  
Jerrold E. Hogle
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Horace Walpole ◽  
Slavoj Zizek ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Slavoj Žižek ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Do So

Julia Kristeva's theory of abjection in Powers of Horror (1980) has had a profound effect on the analysis of Gothic works. Building on Freud, Lacan, and others, it posits a "throwing over" of the deepest anomalies at the roots of human being - the inseparable intermingling of life and death and self and other at the moment of birth - into what seems an alien, other figure (the 'abject', such as Frankenstein's creature) so that the abjecting subject can construct a wholeness of consistent identity over against it. This process, as Slavoj Zizek has emphasized, is even a socio-cultural one, whereby populations abject underlying social conflicts into supposedly alien others. The abject figures in many Gothic works, then, are fear-inducting sites prompting terror or horror because they enact this scheme. In fact, they do so because the whole idea of abjection hearkens back to the very nature of Gothic symbol-making from Horace Walpole on.

scholarly journals Judicial Fallibility, Inverted Learning and the Indispensability of Reason: Piloting ‘Advanced Legal Reasoning’ in Ireland

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Maria Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
System A ◽  
Intellectual Autonomy ◽  
Tutorial System ◽  
First Time ◽  
Do So

In many law schools around the world, the Socratic method is a cultural anathema and the Oxbridge tutorial system a financial impracticability: how then can these law schools, which adhere to the traditional lecture format nonetheless promote the dedicated teaching of legal reasoning? Seven years ago, a specific module dedicated to the development of these skills, Advanced Legal Reasoning, was offered for the first time as an optional final-year module at University College Cork in Ireland. This course probes the requirements of legal reasoning in the context of particular cases, and it proposes a modified version of the ‘flipped classroom’ phenomenon, an approach called Inverted Learning, to do so. This article proposes four principles of Inverted Learning, which are (a) first exposure responsibility, (b) support for experimentation, (c) expectation of mastery and (d) humanization of the classroom. They inculcate the virtues of intellectual autonomy, intellectual courage, intellectual humility and intellectual charity, respectively. Each of these principles was put into practice in very concrete ways through the delivery of the Advanced Legal Reasoning module in order to develop the capacity of the students to reason effectively and to appreciate the indispensability of reason within the legal system.

Holding replication studies to mainstream standards of evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duane T. Wegener ◽  
Leandre R. Fabrigar
Keyword(s):  
Replication Studies ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
Standards Of Evidence ◽  
Do So

AbstractReplications can make theoretical contributions, but are unlikely to do so if their findings are open to multiple interpretations (especially violations of psychometric invariance). Thus, just as studies demonstrating novel effects are often expected to empirically evaluate competing explanations, replications should be held to similar standards. Unfortunately, this is rarely done, thereby undermining the value of replication research.

Electron Microscopy of a Herpesvirus Isolated from Marek's Disease in Duck and Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cultures

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 222-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyvan Nazerian
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Chicken Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Marek's Disease ◽  
Marek’S Disease ◽  
Duck Embryo Fibroblast ◽  
Multinucleated Cells ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
And Control ◽  
Do So

A herpes-like virus has been isolated from duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cultures inoculated with blood from Marek's disease (MD) infected birds. Cultures which contained this virus produced MD in susceptible chickens while virus negative cultures and control cultures failed to do so. This and other circumstantial evidence including similarities in properties of the virus and the MD agent implicate this virus in the etiology of MD.Histochemical studies demonstrated the presence of DNA-staining intranuclear inclusion bodies in polykarocytes in infected cultures. Distinct nucleo-plasmic aggregates were also seen in sections of similar multinucleated cells examined with the electron microscope. These aggregates are probably the same as the inclusion bodies seen with the light microscope. Naked viral particles were observed in the nucleus of infected cells within or on the edges of the nucleoplasmic aggregates. These particles measured 95-100mμ, in diameter and rarely escaped into the cytoplasm or nuclear vesicles by budding through the nuclear membrane (Fig. 1). The enveloped particles (Fig. 2) formed in this manner measured 150-170mμ in diameter and always had a densely stained nucleoid. The virus in supernatant fluids consisted of naked capsids with 162 hollow, cylindrical capsomeres (Fig. 3). Enveloped particles were not seen in such preparations.

Debates in Dysphagia Management: How Do You Use Evidence-Based Practice in Your Dysphagia Patient Care?

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-123
Author(s):  
Jeri A. Logemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Do So

Evidence-based practice requires astute clinicians to blend our best clinical judgment with the best available external evidence and the patient's own values and expectations. Sometimes, we value one more than another during clinical decision-making, though it is never wise to do so, and sometimes other factors that we are unaware of produce unanticipated clinical outcomes. Sometimes, we feel very strongly about one clinical method or another, and hopefully that belief is founded in evidence. Some beliefs, however, are not founded in evidence. The sound use of evidence is the best way to navigate the debates within our field of practice.

The Persnickety Pervasiveness of Rating Enhancement in Personality Assessment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Stachowski ◽  
John T. Kulas
Keyword(s):  
Response Bias ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Psychological Measurement ◽  
Shared Sets ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Original Target ◽  
Target Profile ◽  
Do So ◽  
Normative Influences

Abstract. The current paper explores whether self and observer reports of personality are properly viewed through a contrasting lens (as opposed to a more consonant framework). Specifically, we challenge the assumption that self-reports are more susceptible to certain forms of response bias than are informant reports. We do so by examining whether selves and observers are similarly or differently drawn to socially desirable and/or normative influences in personality assessment. Targets rated their own personalities and recommended another person to also do so along shared sets of items diversely contaminated with socially desirable content. The recommended informant then invited a third individual to additionally make ratings of the original target. Profile correlations, analysis of variances (ANOVAs), and simple patterns of agreement/disagreement consistently converged on a strong normative effect paralleling item desirability, with all three rater types exhibiting a tendency to reject socially undesirable descriptors while also endorsing desirable indicators. These tendencies were, in fact, more prominent for informants than they were for self-raters. In their entirety, our results provide a note of caution regarding the strategy of using non-self informants as a comforting comparative benchmark within psychological measurement applications.

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