scholarly journals The Elementary Particle Equation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennard Callender
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Inviscid Fluid

An equation that describes the dynamics of elementary particles is formulated based on the hypothesis that physical space is a four-dimensional incompressible inviscid fluid.

scholarly journals Particle Theories. A Sketch of a Structuralist Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-52
Author(s):  
Joseph D. Sneed
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Atoms And Molecules ◽  
Structuralist Reconstruction

Particle theories intend to describe the fundamental constituents from which all matter is constructed and the interactions among them. These constituents include atoms and molecules as well as their subatomic constituents, nuclei and their component parts including elementary particles. We consider an alternative to the usual particle theories (PT’s), but dealing with the same phenomena. We call these theories ‘QT’s’. This is an attempt to provide a formal description of the essential features of elementary particle theories within the framework of metatheoretical structuralism.

scholarly journals A Factor That Comes in Error Which Is Neglected

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Pratyush Raj Dulal
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Physical Quantity ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Virtual Photon ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Almost All

This research is about a common factor that causes an error in every experiment we perform in laboratories to find out the value of a certain physical quantity. That factor arises when we difference the theoretical value and the experimental value for the same experiment which most probably I have considered as an effect of “something” which is undiscovered till the date. In this paper, there’ll be the inclusion of procedures and observations regarding the birth of that common factor as well as discussion on what might be the cause of that factor from an experimental as well as a theoretical approach. This research paper might unify physics as there is the inclusion of a virtual photon which might have obstructed every experiments one performs. Not only a virtual photon, but it might be any elementary particles or a new elementary particle which hasn’t been discovered till the date. The tentative value of error which comes in the figure of charge of an electron that propelled me to think on virtual photon. By getting raw data of experiments and then differentiating it with respect to theoretical values, we get an error by a slightest of margin. On doing the same procedure for numerous experiments, an error which is multiple of charge of an electron was obtained. Thus, this error is what the research paper is all about. It explains what that error is, why there is an error, and how the error is identified in almost all experiments we perform in laboratories.

scholarly journals Pythagorean numbers and the calculation of the masses of the elementary particles

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
Borros Arneth
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Binding Energy ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Internal Mass ◽  
Pythagorean Numbers ◽  
The Masses

We attempt here to calculate the particle masses for all known elementary particles starting from the Rydberg equation and from the Sommerfeld fine structure constant. Remarkably, this is possible. Next, we try to explain why this is possible and what the meaning of the approach seems to be. Thereby, we find some interesting connections. In addition, we realize that there are two different kinds of mass-charge binding energies in an elementary particle: The internal mass-charge binding energy and the external mass-charge binding energy. These two kinds of mass-charge binding energies can explain the higher masses of the highly charged brother particles in some of the heavier particle triplets (such as the charmed sigma particles).

scholarly journals From causal determinism to a totally global fatalism: the “hard problem” of consciousness is solved

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Causal Determinism ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
Physical Laws

In the universe, the physical interactions among any number of elementary particles, are strictly controlled by physical laws. So, the physical activity of any elementary particle, is strictly controlled by physical laws. So, the physical activity of any elementary particle, is inevitable. Any physical object, is a set of elementary particles. So, the physical activity of any physical object, is inevitable. So, every physical event is inevitable. A person has no control even over her choices. Her choices are controlled by the neural substrate. The neural substrate is controlled by the physical laws. So, her choices are controlled by the physical laws. So, she is powerless to do anything other than what she actually does. The “internal story” is called “conscious experience” in common language; the so-called “hard problem” of consciousness is solved.

scholarly journals A Factor That Comes in Error Which Is Neglected

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Pratyush Raj Dulal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Physical Quantity ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Virtual Photon ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Almost All

This research is about a common factor that causes an error in every experiment we perform in laboratories to find out the value of a certain physical quantity. That factor arises when we difference the theoretical value and the experimental value for the same experiment which most probably I have considered as an effect of “something” which is undiscovered till the date. In this paper, there’ll be the inclusion of procedures and observations regarding the birth of that common factor as well as discussion on what might be the cause of that factor from an experimental as well as a theoretical approach. This research paper might unify physics as there is the inclusion of a virtual photon which might have obstructed every experiments one performs. Not only a virtual photon, but it might be any elementary particles or a new elementary particle which hasn’t been discovered till the date. The tentative value of error which comes in the figure of charge of an electron that propelled me to think on virtual photon. By getting raw data of experiments and then differentiating it with respect to theoretical values, we get an error by a slightest of margin. On doing the same procedure for numerous experiments, an error which is multiple of charge of an electron was obtained. Thus, this error is what the research paper is all about. It explains what that error is, why there is an error, and how the error is identified in almost all experiments we perform in laboratories.

scholarly journals Charge Asymmetry in Top Quark Pair Production

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1278
Author(s):  
Roman Lysák
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Top Quark ◽  
Charge Asymmetry ◽  
New Physics ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Theoretical Side

The top quark is the heaviest elementary particle known. It has been proposed many times that new physics beyond the current theory of elementary particles may reveal itself in top quark interactions. The charge asymmetry in the pair production of a fermion and its antiparticle has been known for many decades. Early measurements of such asymmetry in top quark pair production showed a disagreement with the prediction by more than 3 standard deviations. Many years of an effort on both experimental and theoretical side have allowed to understand the top quark pair charge asymmetry better and to bring back the agreement between the measurements and the theory. In this article, these efforts are reviewed together with the discussion about a potential future of such measurements.

scholarly journals PION AND MUON MASS DIFFERENCE: A DETERMINING FACTOR IN ELEMENTARY PARTICLE MASS DISTRIBUTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
G. N. SHAH ◽  
T. A. MIR
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Neutral Pion ◽  
Mass Difference ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Muon Mass ◽  
Particle Level ◽  
Determining Factor

The most fundamental to the elementary particles is the mass they possess and it would be of importance to explore a possible relationship amongst their masses. Here, an attempt is made to investigate this important aspect irrespective of their nature or scheme of classification. We show that there exists a striking tendency for successive mass differences between elementary particles to be close integral/half integral multiple of the mass difference between a neutral pion and a muon. Thus indicating discreteness in the nature of the mass occurring at the elementary particle level. Furthermore, this mass difference of 29.318 MeV is found to be common to the mass spectra of leptons and baryons, implying thereby existence of a basic mechanism linking elementary particles responding to different interactions.

scholarly journals The place of elementary particle research in the development of modern physics

1964 ◽  
Vol 278 (1374) ◽  
pp. 290-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Atomic Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Protons And Neutrons ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
Energy Physics

The search for elementary particles is as old as science itself. It is always the most advanced part of physics which strives for an understanding of the fundamental constituents of matter. As physics progressed, the search for elementary particles moved on from chemistry to atomic physics, and then to nuclear physics. Not much more than a decade ago it separated from nuclear physics and became a new field, dealing no longer with the structure of atomic nuclei but with the structure of the constituents of nuclei, the protons and neutrons, and also with the structure of electrons and similar particles. This field is often referred to as high-energy physics because in it beams of particles of extremely high energy are needed for most of the relevant experiments. The purpose of this article is to present a bird’s-eye view of the new aspects which elementary particle research has recently created and to show how they fit into the framework of physics of this century.

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