scholarly journals The Intrinsic Nature of Emergence—With Illustrations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Vesterby
Keyword(s):  
Complex Form ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
General Context ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Descriptive Definition

George Henry Lewes introduced anthropomorphism into the emergence literature. This opened the way for attempts to define emergence with factors that are not relevant to its intrinsic nature. In this paper, the general context of emergence in the universe is presented, mainly in terms of general systems understanding. This is followed by a descriptive definition of the intrinsic nature of emergence, and a discussion of how the process of emergence changes due to the roles of various factors.Material-reality is composed of elementary particles organized into seemingly endless patterns-of-organization of material structure and process. The difference between the smaller or the simpler patterns and the larger or the more complex patterns is the quantity of elementary particles and the patterns-of-organization of those particles.Reality is that which exists. There is but one reality—all that exists. Reality develops, that is, everything that exists takes part in one way or another in a universally omnipresent transition, a sequential-difference from one time, place, part, pattern, level, condition, or situation to another involving some form of enhancement.Emergence is a type of development. Emergence is a general-factor, a process-pattern-of-organization that plays a universal role in the coming into existence of new pattern-of-material-organization as a consequence of motion. Emergence itself develops, occurring in simple form in situations where few factors are playing roles, and in more complex form in situations where more factors are playing roles. Some additional factors that result in the foundational developments of emergence are combinatorial-enhancement, contact, causal push, throughflow wherein the flow of energy reorganizes matter and blocking matter reorganizes the flow of energy, and coherent bonding of one part of matter with another. Emergence is intrinsically determinate in that, in the process of emergence, the existence and intrinsic qualities of what goes before determine the existence and intrinsic qualities of what follows. Both complexity and the hierarchic organization of material-reality are consequences of emergence.

The Distinction between [P] and [S]

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen Strawson
Keyword(s):  
Personal Identity ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Over Time

This chapter examines the difference between John Locke's definition of a person [P], considered as a kind of thing, and his definition of a subject of experience of a certain sophisticated sort [S]. It first discusses the equation [P] = [S], where [S] is assumed to be a continuing thing that is able to survive radical change of substantial realization, as well as Locke's position about consciousness in relation to [P]'s identity or existence over time as [S]. It argues that Locke is not guilty of circularity because he is not proposing consciousness as the determinant of [S]'s identity over time, but only of [S]'s moral and legal responsibility over time. Finally, it suggests that the terms “Person” and “Personal identity” pull apart, in Locke's scheme of things, but in a perfectly coherent way.

Inflections of Periodicities of Background Photon Spectral Power Densities Are Predicted by the Lorentz Contraction for a Potential Indicator for the Intrinsic Structure of Space

2016 ◽  
pp. 4014-4017
Author(s):  
Michael A Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Lorentz Contraction ◽  
Intrinsic Nature ◽  
Basic Interval ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Background Photon ◽  
Power Densities

                The value for the Lorentz contraction to produce a discrepancy for a hypothetical number that reflects a property (21.3π4) of sub-matter space was calculated. When applied to time the contraction would be ~35 min. The difference in mass-equivalent energy for an electron at c (the velocity of light in a vacuum) and the required v was ~2 ·10-20 J which has emerged as a significant quantity that may permeate from the force at Planck’s Length when applied across the wavelength of the neutral hydrogen line. Two separate types of photomultiplier instruments (digital and analogue) measuring with different sampling rates for background photon quantities over 50 randomly selected days demonstrated averaged conspicuous inflections of standardized spectral power densities around 35 min. This is the same basic interval where microvariations in the value of the gravitational constant (G) approached a limit at which white noise dominated.  The possibility is considered that this value for temporal inflections in photon power spectral densities may reflect the intrinsic nature of space-time contractions that relate gravity and photons.

L'anglicisme dans la langue française

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Danny Susanto
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
English Word ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Font Size ◽  
The World ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Bibliographic Study

<p class="Abstract">The purpose of this study is to analyze the phenomenon known as&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 1rem;">“anglicism”: a loan made to the English language by another language.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism arose either from the adoption of an English word as a&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">result of a translation defect despite the existence of an equivalent&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">term in the language of the speaker, or from a wrong translation, as a&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">word-by-word translation. Said phenomenon is very common&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">nowadays and most languages of the world including making use of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">some linguistic concepts such as anglicism, neologism, syntax,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">morphology etc, this article addresses various aspects related to&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicisms in French through a bibliographic study: the definition of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism, the origin of Anglicisms in French and the current situation,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">the areas most affected by Anglicism, the different categories of&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">Anglicism, the difference between French Anglicism in France and&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">French-speaking Canada, the attitude of French-speaking society&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">towards to the Anglicisms and their efforts to stop this phenomenon.&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">The study shows that the areas affected are, among others, trade,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">travel, parliamentary and judicial institutions, sports, rail, industrial&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">production and most recently film, industrial production, sport, oil industry, information technology,&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">science and technology. Various initiatives have been implemented either by public institutions or by&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">individuals who share concerns about the increasingly felt threat of the omnipresence of Anglicism in&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 1rem;">everyday life.</span></p>

Identity, Community and Belonging in gcc States

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-428
Author(s):  
Miriam R. Lowi
Keyword(s):  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Project ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Studies of identity and belonging in Gulf monarchies tend to privilege tribal or religious affiliation, if not the protective role of the ruler as paterfamilias. I focus instead on the ubiquitous foreigner and explore ways in which s/he contributes to the definition of national community in contemporary gcc states. Building upon and moving beyond the scholarly literature on imported labor in the Gulf, I suggest that the different ‘categories’ of foreigners impact identity and the consolidation of a community of privilege, in keeping with the national project of ruling families. Furthermore, I argue that the ‘European,’ the non-gcc Arab, and the predominantly Asian (and increasingly African) laborer play similar, but also distinct roles in the delineation of national community: while they are differentially incorporated in ways that protect the ‘nation’ and appease the citizen-subject, varying degrees of marginality reflect Gulf society’s perceptions or aspirations of the difference between itself and ‘the other(s).’

Charge-Transfer Dipoles at the Si-SiO2 Interface and the Metal-Semiconductor Worfunction Difference In Mos Devices.

1987 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Z. Massoud
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Interface Dipole ◽  
Mos Devices ◽  
Flatband Voltage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mos Structures

AbstractThe magnitude of the dipole moment at the Si-SiO2 interface resulting from partial charge transfer that takes place upon the formation of interface bonds has been calculated. The charge transfer occurs because of the difference in electronegativity between silicon atoms and SiO2 molecules which are present across the interface. Results obtained for (100) and (111) silicon substrates indicate that the magnitude of the interface dipole moment is dependent on substrate orientation and the interface chemistry. Dipole moments at the Si-SiO2 and gate-SiO2 interfaces should be included in the definition of the flatband voltage VFB of MOS structures. CV-based measurements of the metal-semiconductor workfunction difference φms on (100) and (111) silicon oxidized in dry oxygen and metallized with Al agree with the predictions of this model. Other types of interface dipoles and their processing dependence are briefly discussed.

The Primary/Secondary Quality Distinction: Berkeley, Locke, and the Foundations of Corpuscularian Science

Dialogue ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold I. Davidson ◽  
Norbert Hornstein
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Theory ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Philosophical Foundation ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
Secondary Quality ◽  
Quality Distinction ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

Recent interpretations of Locke's primary/secondary quality distinction have tended to emphasize Locke's relationship to the corpuscularian science of his time, especially to that of Boyle. Although this trend may have corrected the unfortunate tendency to view Locke in isolation from his scientific contemporaries, it nevertheless has resulted in some over- simplifications and distortions of Locke's general enterprise. As everyone now agrees, Locke was attempting to provide a philosophical foundation for English corpuscularianism and one must therefore look not only at the current scientific hypotheses but also at the nature of the philosophical foundation Locke was attempting to erect. In particular, Locke made an attempt, based on epistemological principles, to give a philosophical justification of atomistic corpuscularianism. Moreover, he was not content to give this justification post hoc—the epistemological foundation was prior to, and determined the framework for, the details of the correct scientific theory. Locke's epistemology made legitimate an atomistic theory, one making crucial use of the notion of solidity in the definition of the elementary particles, although it did not prejudge the details of this theory.

India-2021: Middle class in pandemic conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Elena A. Bragina
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Statistical Estimates ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sociological Studies

The article analyzes the conditions for the formation of the middle class in India. Shown is its important balancing role in the politics and economy of the country. The nature of the definition of &quot;middle class&quot;, its special significance in developing countries is considered. Due to the difference in the applied criterion - the initial unit of account (employee, family, population group), due to the weakness of statistical services, the results of sociological studies, statistical estimates of the size of the middle class are often approximate. The work shows that the official and infor-mal (shadow) parts of the middle class coexist in the economies of developing countries in parallel.  The pressure of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of the Indian middle class is taken into account.  The article examines the national characteristics of the formation of the middle class inherent in India. Due to the unclear definition of the criteria, the inconsistency of its assessments, the insufficient level of work of statistical organizations, information on the size of the middle class is inaccurate (according to various estimates, about 210-360 million people). Attention is paid to the formation of the rural middle class in India, rural residents make up a significant part of it (estimated at 48-66%).The forecast of the recovery of the Indian middle class ispresented. It is assumed that its quantitative growth, which was observed before the pandemic, and a gradual increase in influence will continue and will allow in the future. The topic is relevant, in demand by the Russian reader.

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