scholarly journals Speech-Based Emotion Recognition using Neural Networks and Information Visualization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumana Almahmoud ◽  
Kruthika Kikkeri
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Information Visualization ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Emotion Classification ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Speech Data

Emotions recognition is commonly employed for health assessment. However, the typical metric for evaluation in therapy is based on patient-doctor appraisal. This process can fall into the issue of subjectivity, while also requiring healthcare professionals to deal with copious amounts of information. Thus, machine learning algorithms can be a useful tool for the classification of emotions. While several models have been developed in this domain, there is a lack of userfriendly representations of the emotion classification systems for therapy. We propose a tool which enables users to take speech samples and identify a range of emotions (happy, sad, angry, surprised, neutral, clam, disgust, and fear) from audio elements through a machine learning model. The dashboard is designed based on local therapists' needs for intuitive representations of speech data in order to gain insights and informative analyses of their sessions with their patients.

scholarly journals Data-driven classification of the certainty of scholarly assertions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Prieto ◽  
Helena Deus ◽  
Anita De Waard ◽  
Erik Schultes ◽  
Beatriz García-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The grammatical structures scholars use to express their assertions are intended to convey various degrees of certainty or speculation. Prior studies have suggested a variety of categorization systems for scholarly certainty; however, these have not been objectively tested for their validity, particularly with respect to representing the interpretation by the reader, rather than the intention of the author. In this study, we use a series of questionnaires to determine how researchers classify various scholarly assertions, using three distinct certainty classification systems. We find that there are three distinct categories of certainty along a spectrum from high to low. We show that these categories can be detected in an automated manner, using a machine learning model, with a cross-validation accuracy of 89.2% relative to an author-annotated corpus, and 82.2% accuracy against a publicly-annotated corpus. This finding provides an opportunity for contextual metadata related to certainty to be captured as a part of text-mining pipelines, which currently miss these subtle linguistic cues. We provide an exemplar machine-accessible representation - a Nanopublication - where certainty category is embedded as metadata in a formal, ontology-based manner within text-mined scholarly assertions.

scholarly journals Development of a Chatbot Using Machine Learning Algorithms to Automate Educational Processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Alekseev ◽  
Polina Shagalova ◽  
Eleonora Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Levenshtein Distance ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Graphical Interfaces ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Voice Message

The use of chatbots in educational processes is relevant, where point communication with each student on common issues is required. A chatbot with artificial intelligence has been developed to automate educational processes. The cross-platform Telegram messenger is used to interact with the user. To increase the efficiency of creating a dataset, a graphical application interface in Python has been developed. Using libraries for creating graphical interfaces based on the Qt5 platform allows you to quickly navigate the intents, requests, responses that are already in the dataset. At the stage of developing the model structure, various vectorizers with different parameters were tested. To determine the intentions of users, a machine learning model was developed and implemented. The accuracy of the classification of user requests after training the model was 97%. An additionally developed algorithm based on the Levenshtein distance increased the classification accuracy. If the user's intent is not defined, a “stub” is triggered: “I did not understand the meaning of your question. Please rephrase it.” Besides, the chatbot implements voice message recognition. As a result of the chatbot's interaction with users, statistics on requests are collected and all events occurring in the program are recorded. All information is presented graphically. After authentication, the user gets access to all statistics and can send messages on behalf of the bot, so the teacher can give a detailed answer. The architecture of the chatbot model allows it to be used on datasets of any educational process.

scholarly journals Data-driven classification of the certainty of scholarly assertions

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8871
Author(s):  
Mario Prieto ◽  
Helena Deus ◽  
Anita de Waard ◽  
Erik Schultes ◽  
Beatriz García-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The grammatical structures scholars use to express their assertions are intended to convey various degrees of certainty or speculation. Prior studies have suggested a variety of categorization systems for scholarly certainty; however, these have not been objectively tested for their validity, particularly with respect to representing the interpretation by the reader, rather than the intention of the author. In this study, we use a series of questionnaires to determine how researchers classify various scholarly assertions, using three distinct certainty classification systems. We find that there are three distinct categories of certainty along a spectrum from high to low. We show that these categories can be detected in an automated manner, using a machine learning model, with a cross-validation accuracy of 89.2% relative to an author-annotated corpus, and 82.2% accuracy against a publicly-annotated corpus. This finding provides an opportunity for contextual metadata related to certainty to be captured as a part of text-mining pipelines, which currently miss these subtle linguistic cues. We provide an exemplar machine-accessible representation—a Nanopublication—where certainty category is embedded as metadata in a formal, ontology-based manner within text-mined scholarly assertions.

scholarly journals Data-driven classification of the certainty of scholarly assertions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Prieto ◽  
Helena Deus ◽  
Anita De Waard ◽  
Erik Schultes ◽  
Beatriz García-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Text Mining ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The grammatical structures scholars use to express their assertions are intended to convey various degrees of certainty or speculation. Prior studies have suggested a variety of categorization systems for scholarly certainty; however, these have not been objectively tested for their validity, particularly with respect to representing the interpretation by the reader, rather than the intention of the author. In this study, we use a series of questionnaires to determine how researchers classify various scholarly assertions, using three distinct certainty classification systems. We find that there are three distinct categories of certainty along a spectrum from high to low. We show that these categories can be detected in an automated manner, using a machine learning model, with a cross-validation accuracy of 89.2% relative to an author-annotated corpus, and 82.2% accuracy against a publicly-annotated corpus. This finding provides an opportunity for contextual metadata related to certainty to be captured as a part of text-mining pipelines, which currently miss these subtle linguistic cues. We provide an exemplar machine-accessible representation - a Nanopublication - where certainty category is embedded as metadata in a formal, ontology-based manner within text-mined scholarly assertions.

scholarly journals Data-driven classification of the certainty of scholarly assertions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Prieto ◽  
Helena Deus ◽  
Anita De Waard ◽  
Erik Schultes ◽  
Beatriz García-Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Formal Ontology ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The grammatical structures scholars use to express their assertions are intended to convey various degrees of certainty or speculation. Prior studies have suggested a variety of categorization systems for scholarly certainty. However, these have not been objectively tested for their validity, particularly with respect to representing the interpretation by the reader, rather than the intention of the author. In this study, we use a series of questionnaires to determine how researchers classify various scholarly assertions, using three distinct certainty classification systems. We find that there are three categories of certainty perceived by readers: one level of high certainty, and two levels of lower certainty that are somewhat less distinct, but nevertheless show a significant degree of inter-annotator agreement. We show that these categories can be detected in an automated manner, using a machine learning model, with a cross-validation accuracy of 89.2% relative to an author-annotated corpus, and 82.2% accuracy against a publicly-annotated corpus. This finding provides an opportunity for contextual metadata related to certainty to be captured as a part of text-mining pipelines, which currently miss these subtle linguistic cues. We provide an exemplar machine-accessible representation - a Nanopublication - where certainty category is embedded as metadata in a formal, ontology-based manner within text-mined scholarly assertions.

scholarly journals Classification of Brainwaves for Sleep Stages by High-Dimensional FFT Features from EEG Signals

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mera Kartika Delimayanti ◽  
Bedy Purnama ◽  
Ngoc Giang Nguyen ◽  
Mohammad Reza Faisal ◽  
Kunti Robiatul Mahmudah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Stage Classification ◽  
Sleep Stage Classification ◽  
Low Dimensional

Manual classification of sleep stage is a time-consuming but necessary step in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, and its automation has been an area of active study. The previous works have shown that low dimensional fast Fourier transform (FFT) features and many machine learning algorithms have been applied. In this paper, we demonstrate utilization of features extracted from EEG signals via FFT to improve the performance of automated sleep stage classification through machine learning methods. Unlike previous works using FFT, we incorporated thousands of FFT features in order to classify the sleep stages into 2–6 classes. Using the expanded version of Sleep-EDF dataset with 61 recordings, our method outperformed other state-of-the art methods. This result indicates that high dimensional FFT features in combination with a simple feature selection is effective for the improvement of automated sleep stage classification.

scholarly journals A Machine Learning Approach to Study Glycosidase Activities from Bifidobacterium

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Carlos Sabater ◽  
Lorena Ruiz ◽  
Abelardo Margolles
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Supervised Classification ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides

This study aimed to recover metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from human fecal samples to characterize the glycosidase profiles of Bifidobacterium species exposed to different prebiotic oligosaccharides (galacto-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides and human milk oligosaccharides, HMOs) as well as high-fiber diets. A total of 1806 MAGs were recovered from 487 infant and adult metagenomes. Unsupervised and supervised classification of glycosidases codified in MAGs using machine-learning algorithms allowed establishing characteristic hydrolytic profiles for B. adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. breve, B. longum and B. pseudocatenulatum, yielding classification rates above 90%. Glycosidase families GH5 44, GH32, and GH110 were characteristic of B. bifidum. The presence or absence of GH1, GH2, GH5 and GH20 was characteristic of B. adolescentis, B. breve and B. pseudocatenulatum, while families GH1 and GH30 were relevant in MAGs from B. longum. These characteristic profiles allowed discriminating bifidobacteria regardless of prebiotic exposure. Correlation analysis of glycosidase activities suggests strong associations between glycosidase families comprising HMOs-degrading enzymes, which are often found in MAGs from the same species. Mathematical models here proposed may contribute to a better understanding of the carbohydrate metabolism of some common bifidobacteria species and could be extrapolated to other microorganisms of interest in future studies.

scholarly journals Delineating Smallholder Maize Farms from Sentinel-1 Coupled with Sentinel-2 Data Using Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4728
Author(s):  
Zinhle Mashaba-Munghemezulu ◽  
George Johannes Chirima ◽  
Cilence Munghemezulu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Subsistence Agriculture ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Sentinel 2

Rural communities rely on smallholder maize farms for subsistence agriculture, the main driver of local economic activity and food security. However, their planted area estimates are unknown in most developing countries. This study explores the use of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data to map smallholder maize farms. The random forest (RF), support vector (SVM) machine learning algorithms and model stacking (ST) were applied. Results show that the classification of combined Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data improved the RF, SVM and ST algorithms by 24.2%, 8.7%, and 9.1%, respectively, compared to the classification of Sentinel-1 data individually. Similarities in the estimated areas (7001.35 ± 1.2 ha for RF, 7926.03 ± 0.7 ha for SVM and 7099.59 ± 0.8 ha for ST) show that machine learning can estimate smallholder maize areas with high accuracies. The study concludes that the single-date Sentinel-1 data were insufficient to map smallholder maize farms. However, single-date Sentinel-1 combined with Sentinel-2 data were sufficient in mapping smallholder farms. These results can be used to support the generation and validation of national crop statistics, thus contributing to food security.

scholarly journals 174 A comparison of machine learning algorithms in the classification of beef steers finished in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Lucas S Lopes ◽  
Christine F Baes ◽  
Dan Tulpan ◽  
Luis Artur Loyola Chardulo ◽  
Otavio Machado Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Relevant Parameter ◽  
Good Prediction ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
C4.5 Decision Tree

Abstract The aim of this project is to compare some of the state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms on the classification of steers finished in feedlots based on performance, carcass and meat quality traits. The precise classification of animals allows for fast, real-time decision making in animal food industry, such as culling or retention of herd animals. Beef production presents high variability in its numerous carcass and beef quality traits. Machine learning algorithms and software provide an opportunity to evaluate the interactions between traits to better classify animals. Four different treatment levels of wet distiller’s grain were applied to 97 Angus-Nellore animals and used as features for the classification problem. The C4.5 decision tree, Naïve Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF) and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Network algorithms were used to predict and classify the animals based on recorded traits measurements, which include initial and final weights, sheer force and meat color. The top performing classifier was the C4.5 decision tree algorithm with a classification accuracy of 96.90%, while the RF, the MLP and NB classifiers had accuracies of 55.67%, 39.17% and 29.89% respectively. We observed that the final decision tree model constructed with C4.5 selected only the dry matter intake (DMI) feature as a differentiator. When DMI was removed, no other feature or combination of features was sufficiently strong to provide good prediction accuracies for any of the classifiers. We plan to investigate in a follow-up study on a significantly larger sample size, the reasons behind DMI being a more relevant parameter than the other measurements.

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis for the Classification of Chocolate According to its Percentage of Cocoa by Using Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS)

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Jimy Oblitas ◽  
Jorge Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulse ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy ◽  
Time Domain Spectroscopy ◽  
Svm Algorithm ◽  
Classification Of Images

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy is a useful technique for determining some physical characteristics of materials, and is based on selective frequency absorption of a broad-spectrum electromagnetic pulse. In order to investigate the potential of this technology to classify cocoa percentages in chocolates, the terahertz spectra (0.5–10 THz) of five chocolate samples (50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90% of cocoa) were examined. The acquired data matrices were analyzed with the MATLAB 2019b application, from which the dielectric function was obtained along with the absorbance curves, and were classified by using 24 mathematical classification models, achieving differentiations of around 93% obtained by the Gaussian SVM algorithm model with a kernel scale of 0.35 and a one-against-one multiclass method. It was concluded that the combined processing and classification of images obtained from the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and the use of machine learning algorithms can be used to successfully classify chocolates with different percentages of cocoa.

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