scholarly journals Belief Book

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Bruce Kell ◽  
Rick Welch
Keyword(s):  
Belief Systems ◽  
Political Outcomes ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Future Events ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Western Democracies

This monograph considers the nature of Belief, based on evidence and rational thought, as well as various other kinds of Belief. Sometimes the evidence is not available. However, our main perspective is the widespread irrationality that can be manifest, despite the availability of what may be seen as contrary evidence that is simply ignored (‘unknown knowns’). We largely eschew matters of faith and spiritual aspects, and also semantics. A variety of Belief systems exist, including those based on genuine (‘philosophical’) logic, typically involving a perceived causality, those based on co-occurrences, on experience, on probability, and on the extent to which a belief increases our knowledge and vice versa. Beliefs can also be based on cultural inheritances or ‘received wisdom’, as well as institutional (authoritative) entrenchment, and may be held simply because it is easiest or convenient to do so. Beliefs may also be held, and/or promulgated, for reasons of self-interest; this is a cause of much trouble. Beliefs about future events (predictions) are another important subset of Belief. Part 1 covers these and takes a brief look at some historical aspects and some of the methods of evidence-based Belief as used by working scientists. Part 1 ends with a look at elements of modern psychology and the workings of the mind, often starting with perspectives taken from what we know of ‘artificial intelligence’. There is a focus on situations where Beliefs are clearly wrong or irrational (‘misbeliefs’), based in part on the fact that humans are highly suggestible (and also that natural evolution once selected for that).Part 2 of the book applies the above learnings to three main areas, in which we consider that mainstream thinking – partly fuelled by self-interests – has come to focus on areas that are not the most relevant to the solution of the problems typical of their respective domains. These topics include medicine (very brief and truncated in this preprint version), the nature of money in (macro)economics, and the relationship between individual voting activities and political outcomes in typical Western democracies, such as the UK and the USA. This part ends with a chapter on the roles and causes of Belief (and misbelief) following the UK’s 2016 ‘advisory referendum’ on whether to ‘leave’ the EU (commonly referred to as Brexit).Part 3 takes the form of an epilogue, in which we enquire, if one accepts that misbeliefs of the above kinds underpin many and various social ills, what might rationally be done to change the thinking on such things for the better.

Electronic Surveillance for the Public Good

2007 ◽  
pp. 100-113
Author(s):  
Liz Lee-Kelley ◽  
Ailsa Kolsaker
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Electronic Surveillance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

The central government in the UK is determined to employ new surveillance technology to combat the threat of terrorist activities. This chapter contributes to the important debate on the relationship between citizens and the government, by discussing not whether electronic surveillance should be used, but rather, when it is acceptable to the populace. From our analysis, we conclude that a reconciliation of state-interest and self-interest is critical for the success of e-governance; as such, electronic surveillance’s mission has to be about serving the law-abiding majority and their needs, and its scope and benefits must be clearly understood by the visionaries, implementers and the citizenry.

Representations of Greek Tragedy in Ancient Pottery: a Theatrical Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-245
Author(s):  
Christian M. Billing
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Ancient Pottery ◽  
South Italy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, Christian M. Billing considers the relationship between representations of mythic narratives found on ancient pottery (primarily found at sites relating to the Greek colonies of south Italy in the fourth century BC, but also to certain vases found in Attica) and the tragic theatre of the fifth century BC. The author argues against the current resurgence in critical accounts that seek to connect such ceramics directly to performance of tragedies by the major tragedians: Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Using five significant examples of what he considers to be errors of method in recent philologically inspired accounts of ancient pottery, Billing argues for a more nuanced approach to the interpretation of such artefacts – one that moves beyond an understanding of literary texts and art history towards a more performance-conscious approach, while also acknowledging that a multiplicity of spheres of artistic influence, drawn from a variety of artistic media, operated in the production and reception of such artefacts. Christian M. Billing is an academic and theatre practitioner working in the fields of ancient Athenian and early modern English and European drama. He has extensive experience as a director, designer, and actor, and has taught at a number of universities in the UK and the USA. He is currently Lecturer in Drama at the University of Hull.

Electronic Surveillance for the Public Good

2011 ◽  
pp. 2597-2609
Author(s):  
Liz Lee-Kelley ◽  
Ailsa Kolsaker
Keyword(s):  
Public Good ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Electronic Surveillance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Surveillance Technology ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

The central government in the UK is determined to employ new surveillance technology to combat the threat of terrorist activities. This chapter contributes to the important debate on the relationship between citizens and the government, by discussing not whether electronic surveillance should be used, but rather, when it is acceptable to the populace. From our analysis, we conclude that a reconciliation of state-interest and self-interest is critical for the success of e-governance; as such, electronic surveillance’s mission has to be about serving the law-abiding majority and their needs, and its scope and benefits must be clearly understood by the visionaries, implementers and the citizenry.

Does Population Aging Affect Income Inequality?

2021 ◽  
pp. 320-335
Author(s):  
Gürçem Özaytürk ◽  
Ali Eren Alper ◽  
Fındık Özlem Alper
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

This study analyzes the relationship between the elderly dependency ratio and income inequality over the period 1972-2019 in countries such as the USA, Japan, the UK, France, Germany, Canada, and Italy, which rank top in the population aging, using the Fourier-Shin cointegration test. According to the results, the rise in the elderly dependency ratio of all countries included in the analysis, except for France, has a positive impact on income inequality. The result implying that the rise in the elderly dependency ratio increases the income inequality and renders some policy recommendations possible. Accordingly, the provision of adequate childcare programs and family aids can result in greater labor force participation in the short- and long-run. In addition, a pension system can be developed to lower the elderly dependency ratio, more money can be saved for the retirement period, and working domains can be developed for the post-retirement period.

scholarly journals Low support for nudging among Swedes in a population-representative sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gustav Almqvist ◽  
Patric Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Party Preference ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Living Region ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Recent surveys in China, South Korea, Brazil, South Africa, Russia, Australia, Italy, the UK, Canada, France, Germany, the USA, Japan, Hungary, and Denmark indicate that citizens generally are positive toward state nudging. However, less is known about differences in the support for nudging across socio-demographics and political party preferences, a research gap recently identified in the literature. This article investigates the relationship between the support for nudging and trust in public institutions through a population-representative survey in Sweden. It also analyzes differences in the support for nudging across political party preferences in two ideological dimensions: the economic left-right and cultural GAL-TAN spectra. Data were collected in December 2017 through a custom web survey, using Reisch and Sunstein's (2016) questionnaire. The respondents (N = 1032) were representative of the adult population with regard to gender, age, education, job sector, household income, living region, and political party preference. Sweden was found to belong to the cautiously pronudge nations (along with Japan, Hungary, and Denmark), contrary to hypotheses in previous research. Differences in the support for nudging were found along the economic left-right and GAL-TAN spectra. Individual nudges’ variation in support, polarization, and politicization are analyzed and discussed.

How does interactive use of budgets affect creativity?

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddy Mayor Putra Sitepu ◽  
Ranjith Appuhami ◽  
Sophia Su
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the interactive use of budgets, role clarity and individual creativity. Design/methodology/approach Survey data was collected from mid-level managers in publicly listed Indonesian companies. The data was analysed using partial least squares. Findings The findings indicate that while there is no direct association between an interactive use of budgets and individual creativity, an interactive use of budgets can affect individual creativity via role clarity. Originality/value This study is one of only a few studies that provide empirical evidence on the relationships between individual creativity, role clarity and the interactive use of budgets. While previous studies have been undertaken in Western countries such as the USA and the UK, this study focuses on an emerging economy – Indonesia in which firms have been trying to improve individual creativity.

scholarly journals Neuropsychiatry in the UK: planning the service provision for the 21st century

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niruj Agrawal ◽  
Simon Fleminger ◽  
Howard Ring ◽  
Shoumitro Deb
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Cartesian Dualism ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Some believe that Cartesian dualism of mind and body in the 19th century and the rise of psychoanalysis by the turn of the 20th century was what led to the separation of neurology and psychiatry. More recently, conceptualisations of the mind/brain paradigm have helped rediscover the relationship between the mind and the brain, bringing renewed synergy between neurology and psychiatry (Cunningham et al, 2006). However, division is still apparent in current service planning and provision in the UK for individuals whose presentation lies in the no-man's-land between these two historical domains.

scholarly journals ODNOS UMA I TIJELA KOD OBOLJELIH OD ULCEROZNOG KOLITISA / THE RELATIONSHIP OF MIND AND BODY IN PATIENTS WITH ULCEROSE COLITIS

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
Aida Lalić Mehmedbašić ◽  
Sabina Alispahic
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Ulcerative colitis (UK) is one of the chronic inflammatory disorders of unknown cause, affecting the gastrointestinal tract. With regard to the clinical picture, episodes of bloody-mucous diarrhea can be characterized, which may last from several days, weeks, or months, when they cease, to recur after an asymptomatic period, which may last for months or years. The aim of this study was to examine how patients cope with symptoms, what their quality of life is, and how the mind-body connection affects their symptoms and the onset of the disease. Six people were interviewed. According to the testimonies of the participants, the UK had a significant impact on reducing their quality of life, while social support from their loved ones and adequate coping style were very supportive for their healing. In addition, all participants believed that stress was the cause of their condition. Although research indicates that neuroticism, perfectionism, and alexithymia are more common in UK patients than in the general population, our participants did not consider them to have pronounced personality traits. According to the results of our research, we can conclude that the UK in many ways affects the quality of life of the sick and that the connection between mind and body, which is often at the heart of the disease, is evident.

scholarly journals The Sourcing of Stories on Sugar and the Supermarket Industry in the British Press

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Topić
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Press Coverage ◽  
The Press ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Supermarket Industry ◽  
British Press ◽  
Business In Society ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Mind

This paper looked at the nature of sourcing stories in the press coverage of the anti-sugar debate and the supermarket industry in the UK. The research design was a mixed-method study founded in an interpretivist epistemology. Content analysis has been conducted on 454 articles from national and regional press and this analysis provided an answer on who influences the news agenda. Qualitative interviews with journalists explored what sources journalists use when selecting and sourcing stories. The findings show that NGOs are regularly used as a source for stories in the British press, while the news agenda is largely driven by the self-interest of journalists, which corresponds with agenda of the NGO Action on Sugar. Journalists also largely rely on contacts when sourcing stories, but NGOs are present in the mind of journalists when deciding how to source stories. In addition, views of journalists correspond with views of NGOs on the role and position of the business in society.

scholarly journals GDP and population growth: Evidence of fractional cointegration with historical data from 1820 onwards

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Gil-Alana ◽  
Cecilia Font ◽  
Águeda Gil-López
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Fractional Integration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Equilibrium Relationship ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeUsing data from 1820 onwards in a group of seven countries, namely, Australia, Chile, Denmark, France, the UK, Italy and the USA, the authors investigate if there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the two variables (GDP and population).Design/methodology/approachUsing fractional integration and cointegration methods, this paper deals with the analysis of the relationship between GDP and population using historical data.FindingsThe authors’ results show first that the two series are highly persistent, presenting orders of integration close to or above 1 in practically all cases. Testing cointegration between the two variables, the results are quite variable depending on the methodology and the bandwidth numbers used, but if cointegration takes places, it only occurs in the cases of France, Italy and the UK.Research limitations/implicationsThe fact that the orders of integration of all series is close to 1 indicate high levels of persistence with shocks having permanent effects and requiring strong measures to recover the original trends.Practical implicationsAny shock affecting the series will have a permanent nature, persisting forever.Originality/valueUpdated time series techniques based on concepts such as fractional integration and cointegration are used.

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