scholarly journals Solid-liquid Equilibrium in the System 2-keto-L-gulonic Acid + Sodium-2-keto-L-gulonate + Hydrochloric Acid + Sodium Chloride + Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jirasek ◽  
Ellen Steimers ◽  
Jakob Burger ◽  
Hans Hasse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Equilibrium Constant ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Pitzer Model ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Solid Liquid

The reactive solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) in the quinary system 2-keto-l-gulonic acid (HKGA) + sodium-2-keto-l-gulonate (NaKGA) + hydrochloric acid (HCl) + sodium chloride (NaCl) + water was studied experimentally at 298 K and ambient pressure. The precipitation of three solid species was observed: HKGA monohydrate (HKGA⋅H2O), NaKGA monohydrate (NaKGA⋅H2O), and NaCl. A thermodynamic model based on the Pitzer model to calculate the activity coefficients in the liquid phase for the SLE was developed and unreported Pitzer parameters were fitted to the experimental data of this work. The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of HKGA and the solubility products of HKGA⋅H2O and NaKGA⋅H2O at 298 K were calculated from experimental data, whereas the equilibrium constant for the autoprotolysis of water and the solubility product of NaCl were adopted from literature data. The agreement between the experimental data and the results from the model is excellent, both regarding the liquid phase composition and the solid species in solid-liquid equilibrium.

scholarly journals Solid-liquid Equilibrium in the System 2-Keto-L-gulonic Acid + Sodium-2-keto-L-gulonate + Water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jirasek ◽  
Jakob Burger ◽  
Hans Hasse
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Extended Version ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Hückel Theory ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Solubility Products ◽  
Solid Liquid

The solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) in the ternary system 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (HKGA) + sodium-2-keto-L-gulonate (NaKGA) + water was studied experimentally at temperatures between 275 and 313 K and ambient pressure. At these conditions, HKGA and NaKGA precipitate as monohydrates: HKGA H2O and NaKGA H2O, respectively. Phase diagrams with one eutonic point are found for all temperatures. A thermodynamic model of the SLE that is based on an extended version of the Debye-Hückel theory was developed and the dissociation constant of HKGA as well as the solubility products of HKGA H2O and NaKGA H2O were determined. The agreement between the experimental data and the results from the model is excellent.

through tubing and fittings made of PTFE. Analysis was undertaken by the Warren Spring Laboratory of the Department of Trade and Industry, according to the method described by Bailey and Bedbo rough The results are shown in Table IV. and plotted in Fig. 3. and 4. Table IV. Variation of odour strength of extracted samples with volune of eluted air Volume of air Strength of odour samples passing through (dilutions) sludge before sampling (1/1) Raw sludge Digested sludge 0 154 000 9 900 11.1 53 000 350 22.2 30 600 270 55.6 15 500 190 111 8 200 160 It is clear from these results that there is considerable die-off of odour strength with time, and that, as would be expected, the anaerobic digestion of sludge can reduce the odour potential by at least one order of magnitude. To illustrate the importance of this die-off effect, the results have been re-plotted in Fig. 5. in a cunulative form; that is to say as cumulative percentage of the eventual colour release against volume of air. In the case of the raw sewage sludge, 38% of the ultimate odour was carried in the first odour sample, and 90% of the odour had been extracted by the passage of about 200 1. In the case of the anaerobically digested sludge, the same effect is much more marked; 72% of the ultimate odour was carried by the first sample, and thereafter the strength of the odour fell off very rapidly. There are two possible explanations for this. First, it can be postulated that as it is known that many of the important odorous chemical species are highly volatile, they may be only physically trapped in the sludge, and need little encouragement to transfer to the atmosphere. An alternative explanation concerns the existence of two equilibria. As the vapour/liquid equilibrium is disturbed by the passage of air, the concentration of dissolved compounds in the liquid phase falls, disturbing the ’solid’/liquid equilibrium The kinetics of transfer across this latter phase boundary are much slower than for the liquid/vapour transfer, so that the extraction of odour becomes limited by the rate of diffusion into the liquid phase. Two observations may be cited as evidence for this latter view. First, when sludge is applied to land, there is a rapid tail-off of odour nuisance after spreading. Hie incidence of rain after a dry period is known to result in an increased evolution of odour. Second, in earlier experiments samples of sludge were centrifuged, and the supernatant liquor discarded and replaced by tap water, before being used in the standard odour potential test. Some re-extraction of odour from the samples was rapidly found. In practice, both postulated mechanisms are probably at work, especially if the concept of ’solid/liquid equilibrium’ be extended to

1986 ◽  
pp. 152-152
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Anaerobically Digested Sludge ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Potential Test

Modeling of the solid-liquid equilibrium of NaCl, KCl and NH4Cl in mixtures of water and ethanol by the modified Pitzer model

2021 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 114968
Author(s):  
Alessandro C. Galvão ◽  
Yecid P. Jiménez ◽  
Francisca J. Justel ◽  
Weber S. Robazza ◽  
João Victor T. Feyh
Keyword(s):  
Pitzer Model ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Solid Liquid

Solid-Liquid Equilibrium of Xylose in Water and Ethanol/Water Mixture

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto A Martínez ◽  
Marco Giulietti ◽  
Mauricio Uematsu ◽  
Silas Derenzo ◽  
João B Almeida e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Water Mixture ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Vapor Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Vapor Liquid

This work deals with the study of thermodynamical models for the solid-liquid equilibrium (SLE) and comparing its performance with experimental data. The xylose solubility in the xylose-water and xylose-water-ethanol systems has been measured using a variant of the isothermal method. A total of 12 experiments were performed in a 100 mL glass jacketed crystallizer with helix-type agitator by changing the temperature from 0 to 60°C. The solution was mixed during 72 h with an IKA Labortechnic, RW 20.n agitator at 450 rpm. Later, the experimental and reported results were fitted using the prediction models based on the vapor-liquid-equilibrium (UNIFAC (Universal Functional Activity Coefficient), ASOG (Analytical Solutions of Groups) and GSP (Group Solubility Parameter); semi-empirical models based on the vapor-liquid-equilibrium (VLE) (UNIQUAC (Universal Quasi Chemical), Wilson and NRTL (Non Randon Two Liquid)) on the solid-liquid-equilibrium, and empirical model with fitted parameters (Nývlt, λh, Margules with 1 and 2 parameters). The results showed that the UNIQUAC model with fitted parameters can describe the SLE with reasonable accuracy (1.28 and 3.36% for binary and ternary systems, respectively). The average deviation was the arithmetic mean of the deviations. On the other hand, the other methods resulted in poor agreement with the system’s behavior presenting systematic deviations from the experimental data.

Solid–liquid equilibrium of binary and ternary systems formed by ethyl laurate, ethyl palmitate and n-decane: Experimental data and thermodynamic modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 426 ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dolores Robustillo ◽  
Duclerc Fernandes Parra ◽  
Antonio José de Almeida Meirelles ◽  
Pedro de Alcântara Pessôa Filho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Ethyl Palmitate ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Binary And Ternary Systems

scholarly journals Solid-liquid systems for the hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from potato (Solanum tuberosum L) tuber sprouts and solanidine isolation

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
Nada Nikolic ◽  
Mihajlo Stankovic ◽  
Milorad Cakic
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Liquid Systems ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Solanidine (C17H43O/V) is a steroidal aglycone of glycoalkaloids and an important precursor for the synthesis of hormones and some pharmacologically active compounds. Glycoalkaloids are hydrolysed by mineral acid yielding solanidine and a carbohydrate moiety. In this paper the kinetics of hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from potato (Solanum tuberosum L) tuber sprouts by using solid-liquid systems were studied as well as solanidine isolation from the liquid phase of the system. The dried and milled tuber sprouts of potato were used as the solid phase and solutions of hydrochloric acid of different concentration in 96 % vol. ethanol, mixed with chloroform in a volume ratio of 2:3, 1:1, 3:2 and 4:1, were used as the liquid phase. The aim of the paper was to choose the optimal concentration of hydrochloric acid in ethanol, the volume ratio of hydrochloric acid in ethanol to chloroform in the liquid phase and the time for solanidine hydrolytic extraction, as well as to isolate solanidine from the liquid phase.

Experimental data and thermodynamic modeling of solid-liquid equilibrium of binary systems containing representative compounds of biodiesel and fossil fuels: Ethyl esters and n-hexadecane

Fuel ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Dolores Robustillo ◽  
Larissa Castello Branco Almeida Bessa ◽  
Antonio José de Almeida Meirelles ◽  
Pedro de Alcântara Pessôa Filho
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thermodynamic Modeling ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Liquid Equilibrium ◽  
Solid Liquid
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