scholarly journals Mechanics of Global Value Chains: India's Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourish Dutta

The global production as a system of creating values is eventually forming a vast web of value chains. It explains the transitional structures of world trade and development of the world economy. It is truly a new wave of globalisation, and we term it as the global value chains (GVCs), creating the nexus among firms, workers and consumers around the globe. The emergence of this new scenario raises some crucial questions. It asks how an economy's businesses, producers and employees are connecting to the global economy. How are they capturing the gains out of it regarding different dimensions of economic development? Indeed, this GVC approach is very crucial for understanding the organisation of the global industries and firms. It requires analysing the statics and dynamics of different economic players involved in this complex global production network. Its widespread notion deals with diverse global, regional, and local issues from the top-down to bottom-up, building scope for policy analysis. In this context, this study will attempt to quantify the extent and impacts of India's engagement in GVCs, based on available data. It will also strive to propose a comprehensive strategic framework to identify the objectives of India's GVC participation and development with some suitable economic strategies to achieve them.


2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Nazarov ◽  
S. S. Lazaryan ◽  
I. V. Nikonov ◽  
A. I. Votinov

The article assesses the impact of various factors on the growth rate of international trade. Many experts interpreted the cross-border flows of goods decline against the backdrop of a growing global economy as an alarming sign that indicates a slowdown in the processes of globalization. To determine the reasons for the dynamics of international trade, the decompositions of its growth rate were carried out and allowed to single out the effect of the dollar exchange rate, the commodities prices and global value chains on the change in the volume of trade. As a result, it was discovered that the most part of the dynamics of international trade is due to fluctuations in the exchange rate of the dollar and prices for basic commodity groups. The negative contribution of trade within global value chains in 2014 was also revealed. During the investigated period (2000—2014), such a picture was observed only in the crisis periods, which may indicate the beginning of structural changes in the world trade.



2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Anna Beckers

AbstractReviewing the burgeoning legal scholarship on global value chains to delineate the legal image of the global value chain and then comparing this legal image with images on global production in neighbouring social sciences research, in particular the Global Commodity Chain/Global Value Chain and the Global Production Network approach, this article reveals that legal research strongly aligns with the value chain image, but takes less account of the production-centric network image. The article then outlines a research agenda for legal research that departs from a network perspective on global production. To that end, it proposes that re-imagining the law in a world of global production networks requires a focus in legal research on the legal construction of global production and its infrastructure and a stronger contextualization of governance obligations and liability rules in the light of the issue-specific legal rules that apply to said infrastructure.



Author(s):  
Petr A. Vityaz ◽  
Vyacheslav K. Shcherbin

The article considers the history of creation of formal and informal institutional structures of International Association of the Academies of sciences (IAAS) the functioning of which is based on the technological chains of cognition that are characteristic of traditional disciplinary science. The differences between the technological chains of cognition and the global value chains that have developed in the global economy are shown. The prospects of combining the chains of these types within the framework of international scientific and technological consortia, which are more consistent with the requirements of modern technoscience, are determined. The conclusion is substantiated that the creation of a number of international scientific-technological consortia on the basis of scientific councils of association will allow IAAS to receive a stable source of its additional financing.



2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-17
Author(s):  
E. N. Smirnov

The objective of our article is to analyze the risks of a new coronavirus pandemic with impact on the dynamics of the modern world economy, as well as to assess the corresponding consequences and risks that will lead to the formation of a new model for organizing interactions in international trade, foreign direct investment and a revision of the determinants of global economic growth. The nature of the impact of the current pandemic on the existing system of international economic relations, in contrast to the previous global crises, is unprecedentedly tough, which has led to a number of contradictions in the development of global value chains, international trade flows, and  the  transformation  of  external  financing  conditions.  The  author  believes  that  the  most important  challenge  of  the  pandemic  is  not  only  the  recovery  of  the  economy  and  economic activity, maintaining the growth rate of labor productivity, but also in preventing the growth of inequality, in shaping the ability to manage global risks and imbalances. The trends towards the localization of international trade and the repatriation of global  value chains act as a risk of a significant slowdown in international exchange, which contradicts the canons and strategies for the development of foreign economic relations  of those countries  that ensured their economic growth by expanding participation in international trade and attracting foreign direct investment. According to the author, a new wave of international economic cooperation between countries can bring a new impetus to the development of international trade, capital movement and the dynamics of economic mobility.



Author(s):  
O. Vikulova ◽  
D. Gornostaeva

Based on the latest foreign sources, the article examines the impact of Artifi cial Intelligence and related robotics and automatization on the global economy, international trade, global value chains, the motivation and activities of companies, especially TNCs, the activities of the WTO, as well as the social consequences of these processes.



Author(s):  
Esra LaGro

The global political economy evolves around shifting theoretical and conceptual paradigms that simultaneously reflect the ongoing globalization process involving several actors and processes. Thus the complexity of linking the theory and practice of global political economy increases, and this, in return, accelerates further the in-depth inquiries in this interdisciplinary field of research such as discussions around global governance, international economic system, international trade, global value chains, and international development among several others. More specifically, in parallel with these developments, underlying trends in the global economy point to vast developments in both theory and practice of foreign direct investment (hereinafter FDI) across regions, countries and sectors as well, which form the main focus point of this chapter which will attempt to address the complexity of linking theory with actual practice through also involving global value chains with reference to FDI between EU member states and Turkey.



Author(s):  
В.В. Перская ◽  
Л.И. Хомякова

Глобальные цепочки стоимости (ГЦС) стали результатом развития вертикальной кооперации, основными инициаторами которых являются международные, транснациональные компании (ТНК). Именно ТНК стали движущей силой развития экономической глобализации. В современных условиях пандемия стала поворотным моментом, оказавшим значительное влияние на ГЦС и, следовательно, на экономическую глобализацию. 90% мирового товарооборота по данным ЮНКТАД находятся под ограничения из-за пандемии. Закрытие границ странами потребовало от национальных хозяйств рассмотреть возможность восстановления внутреннего поступательного развития исходя из реально сложившихся условий. Вопрос формирования национальных источников развития внутри стран и перестраивания географии формирования ГЦС (преимущественно в рамках одного региона, сокращая плечи транспортировки продукта) стал практически для всех стран достаточно актуальным. Поскольку основным видом кооперационного взаимодействия в рамках ГЦС была вертикальная кооперация, то переформатирование географии формирования ГЦС, вполне ожидаемо, приведет к более активному использованию преимуществ горизонтальной кооперации между хозяйствующими субъектами разных территориально приближенных стран. Одновременно воздействие пандемии на экономическую глобализацию в целом обусловливает усиление межгосударственного согласованного регулирования, в т.ч. регионального масштаба. Симптоматично, что в современных условиях правила ВТО игнорируются достаточно большим количеством стран, что сопровождается политикой протекционизма и санкций, практически не легитимной с точки зрения международного права. Подписание Всеобъемлющего регионального экономического партнерства в ноябре с.г. странами АСЕАН представляет собой свидетельство регионализации в международном взаимодействии, обозначает развитие тренда формирования согласованного участниками регионального правового поля для развития экономического сотрудничества, включая вопросы регулирования электронной торговли, конкурентной политики, защиты интеллектуальной собственности и других актуальных вопросов, ранее не фигурировавших в имеющихся соглашениях, опираясь при этом на основные правовые нормы ВТО. На основании изложенного авторы приходят к выводу, что собственно экономическая регионализация, в т.ч. трансформирования процесса формирования ГЦС в направлении повышения удельного веса их региональной компоненты, являются имманентными чертами трансформирования мировой экономики в условиях реального полицентризма. Global value chains (GVC) are the result of the development of vertical cooperation, the main initiators of which are international, transnational companies (TNCs). It is TNCs that have become the driving force behind the development of economic globalization. In today's context, the pandemic has become a turning point that has had a significant impact on GVCs and therefore on economic globalization. 90% of world trade, according to UNCTAD, are under restrictions due to the pandemic. The closure of borders by countries demanded that national economies consider the possibility of restoring their internal progressive development based on the actual conditions. The issue of the formation of national sources of development within countries and the restructuring of the geography of the formation of GVCs (mainly within one region, reducing the shoulders of product transportation) has become quite relevant for almost all countries. Since the main type of cooperative interaction within the GVC was vertical cooperation, reformatting the geography of the formation of GVCs, quite expectedly, will lead to more active use of the advantages of horizontal cooperation between economic entities of different geographically close countries. At the same time, the impact of the pandemic on economic globalization as a whole determines the strengthening of interstate coordinated regulation, incl. regional scale. It is symptomatic that in modern conditions the WTO rules are ignored by a sufficiently large number of countries, which is accompanied by a policy of protectionism and sanctions, which is practically illegitimate from the point of view of international law. The signing of the Comprehensive Regional Economic Partnership in November this year ASEAN countries is evidence of regionalization in international interaction, denotes the development of a trend in the formation of a regional legal framework agreed by the participants for the development of economic cooperation, including issues of regulation of electronic commerce, competition policy, protection of intellectual property and other topical issues that have not previously appeared in existing agreements, relying on this on the basic legal norms of the WTO. Based on the above, the authors come to the conclusion that the actual economic regionalization, incl. transformation of the process of GVC formation in the direction of increasing the share of their regional component are immanent features of the transformation of the world economy in the context of real polycentrism.



Author(s):  
Ursula Huws

Introducing this volume, this paper summarises the contents and offers an analysis of the place of creative work in a global economy, focusing in particular on the restructuring of global value chains and the commodification of knowledge in a process which simultaneously opens up the possibility for new creative tasks for some workers whilst deskilling others. It concludes with a discussion of the contradictions that this presents for creative workers who may be offered a choice between disappointing their own creative aspirations or collaborating in their own exploitation.



2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 05010
Author(s):  
Natalia Verbitskaya

This article discusses the transformational capabilities of regional transport and logistics systems in the context of global value chains development, the so-called GVCs (Global value chains) [1], also related to the mining industry in Russia. The GVCs in the world economy are associated with increasing the efficiency of using national economies resources, creating and maintaining new jobs, increasing welfare and political stability, considered in the context of sustainable global development.



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