scholarly journals Changes in crop canopy architecture on the incidence of major foliar diseases of betelvine (Piper betle L.)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Journal of Applied Horticulture
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Crop Canopy ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Leaf Rot

Betel vine (Piper betle L.) is a perennial dioecious creeper-belonging to the family Piperaceae usually grown under artificially erected structural known as baroj that provides high moist and humid conditions favouring several diseases that in turn are major deterrents to good harvest. Betelvine suffers from many root and aerial diseases of which leaf rot caused by Phytophthora parasitica (Dastur) and leaf spot caused by Colletotrichum capsici Syd. (Butler and Bisby) are most important and are included in these studies for assessment. The extent of losses may vary from 20-40% for leaf rot and 10-20% for leaf spot, leading to almost total crop failure (Dasgupta and Sen, 1999). As the betel leaf is directly chewed immediately after harvest, it is not feasible to apply any pesticides that may cause toxic hazards to human being. An experiment was conducted for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014) to study the effect of different crop canopy by maintaining three different plant to plant spacing (viz. 11.1 cm. 9.53 cm. and 8.3 cm.) on leaf yield, disease incidence and keeping quality (days to 50% rotting) of betelvine. With the above plant to plant spacing and standard row to row spacing (60cm), the plant population was maintained as 1.50,1.75 and 2.00 lakh ha’1. The results revealed that when crop canopy was increased by reducing the plant to plant spacing from 11.1 cm to 8.3 cm there were significant increases in both the diseases under investigation (rot disease 19.76% to 22.30%; leafspot disease 22.68% to 25.42%). Significant increase in yield (26.29 to 33.63 lakh ha’‘year*1), decrease in fresh weight of 100 leaves (460.85g to 432.35g) and decrease in keeping quality of leaves (13.14 days to 10.28 days) were recorded when crop canopy was increased by reduction in plant to plant spacing from 11.1 cm to 8.3 cm. From these results it can be concluded that shifts in microclimate resulting from increase in canopy by reducing the plant spacing aggravated the spread and infection of disease.

scholarly journals Studies on the Epidemiology of Leaf Rot and Leaf Spot Diseases of Betel Vine (Piper Betle L.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
MI Huq
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Meteorological Factor ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Key Words Epidemiology ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
June July ◽  
Leaf Rot

The experiment was conducted in an established pan betel vine crop field (Pan boroj). The disease data were recorded for 12 months. The incidence of leaf rot was observed in the month of June, July and August. The peak infection was noted in the second week of August, 2002 when the average temperature, relative humidly and rainfall were 29.60°C, 94.6% and 13.4mm respectively. The incidence of leaf spot was observed during months of March, April and May. But gradually infection reached maximum when average temperature, relative humidly and rainfall parameters were 26.7°C, 88.3% and 19.4mm respectively. The meteorological factor which had greatly influenced initiation of leaf spot was less favourable for leaf rot disease. Key words: Epidemiology; Betel vine; Leaf spot; Leaf rot diseases DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9601 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 519-522

scholarly journals Morphology, Prevalence and Pathogenicity of Fungi Associated with Diseased Betel Vine (Piper betle L.) in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Zakaria Masud ◽  
Md. Rafiqul Islam ◽  
Abdullah All Imtiaz ◽  
Tahsin Labiba ◽  
Md. Raziur Rahman Raihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Phytophthora Parasitica ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Leaf Rot

Three different fungal diseases were found prevalent namely leaf spot, leaf rot, and foot and root rot of betel vine at five different upazillas of five districts in Bangladesh. Phytophthora parasitica causing leaf rot, Colletotrichum piperis causing leaf spot, and Sclerotium rolfsii causing foot and root rot have been found. The highest incidence (41.60 per cent) and severity (21.86 per cent) of leaf rot disease were recorded at Mohanpur upazilla during the period of August. Minimum incidence (4.24 per cent) of leaf rot was recorded at Kaligong upazilla while minimum severity (2.83 per cent) was recorded at Gouronadi upazilla. The highest incidence of disease (57.44 per cent) and severity of disease (28.32 per cent) of betel vine leaf spot were recorded at same locations and same period of time as per leaf rot disease. Minimum incidence (8.32 per cent) and severity (2.72 per cent) of disease were recorded at Sitakundo upazilla during the period of May. In August at Gouranadi upazilla, highest incidence of disease (27.80 per cent) was filed in case of betel vine foot and root rot while the lowest incidence (6.00 per cent) of disease was reported at Sitakundo upazilla. Lesion sizes were varied in ranging 1.4-2.3 cm in diameter while isolates collected from Mohanpur showed highest pathogenicity caused by Phytophthora parasitica produced lesion 2.3 cm and lowest pathogenicity was recorded by Sclerotium rolfsii produced lesion 1.4 cm isolates collected from Mirpur and Mohanpur. In respects of locations and survey period, it was revealed that betel vine leaf rot and leaf spot were prevalent in Mohanpur upazilla during the month of August under Rajshahi district, and betel vine foot and root rot in Gouronadi upazilla under Barisal district.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF BETEL LEAVES EXTRACT TO PREVENT THE GROWTH OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici CAUSING FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE IN BELL PEPPER

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Anik Leana ◽  
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease

Betel (Piper betle Linn.) is commonly used in Indonesian traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial properties, thus it is often used as an ingredient in natural pesticides. The effectiveness of betel leaf extract as a control for Fusarium oxysporum in several plants showed it’s potential to control the fungi in bell pepper. F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici is one of the important pathogens causing Fusarium wilt disease in bell pepper. It is one of the most devastating plant diseases due to its ability to cause a crop failure. The test on the inhibitory capacity of betel leaf extract on the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici were carried out by growing the fungi on PDA mixed with various concentrations of betel leaf extracts. The results showed that betel leaf extract treatment at 0.02% concentration was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici in PDA at 95.54%. The full inhibition of colony growth (100%) was achieved in the extract treated with the concentration of 0.03%. Meanwhile treatment of 0.17% betel leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici on bell pepper stems. Following this result, fractionation of the betel leaf extract by column chromatography was conducted, resulting in 44 fractions. The bioassays of those fractions showed that, there were seven fractions that reveal inhibition capability against F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF BETEL LEAVES EXTRACT TO PREVENT THE GROWTH OF Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici 1 CAUSING FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE IN BELL PEPPER

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Anik Leana ◽  
Dewa Ngurah Suprapta
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Disease

Utilization of betel leaves extract to prevent the growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. capsici causing fusarium wilt diseasein bell pepper. Betel (Piper betle Linn.) is commonly used in Indonesian traditional medicine due to its antimicrobial properties,thus it is often used as an ingredient in natural pesticides. The effectiveness of betel leaf extract as a control for Fusariumoxysporum in several plants showed it’s potential to control the fungi in bell pepper. F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici is one of theimportant pathogens causing Fusarium wilt disease in bell pepper. It is one of the most devastating plant diseases due to itsability to cause a crop failure. The test on the inhibitory capacity of betel leaf extract on the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp.capsici were carried out by growing the fungi on PDA mixed with various concentrations of betel leaf extracts. The resultsshowed that betel leaf extract treatment at 0.02% concentration was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici inPDA at 95.54%. The full inhibition of colony growth (100%) was achieved in the extract treated with the concentration of0.03%. Meanwhile treatment of 0.17% betel leaf extract was able to inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici on bellpepper stems. Following this result, fractionation of the betel leaf extract by column chromatography was conducted, resultingin 44 fractions. The bioassays of those fractions showed that, there were seven fractions that reveal inhibition capabilityagainst F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici.

Efektifitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper Betle) sebagai Insektisida Nabati terhadap Mortalitas Lalat Rumah (Musca domestica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Rinaldi Daswito ◽  
Rima Folentia ◽  
M Yusuf MF
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
P Value ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

One of the diseases that can be transmitted by flies is diarrhea. Green betel leaf contains essential oils, chavicol, arecoline, phenol, and tannins which function as plant-based insecticides. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of green betel leaf extract (Piper betel) as a plant-based insecticide on the number of mortality of house flies (Musca domestica). The research was an experimental study used After Only Design used the One Way Anova test with a 95% confidence level. The samples used were 360 ​​house flies. Each treatment of 30 house flies with 4 repetitions and used three concentrations of green betel leaf extract (25%, 50%, 75%). The study was conducted at the Chemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Health Polytechnic Tanjungpinang, while the location of the fly collection was at the Tokojo Garbage Collection Station in Bintan Regency. The number of mortality of house flies at a concentration of 25% was 81 heads (67.5%), 50% concentrations were 93 heads (77.5%), and at a concentration of 75% were 103 heads (85.83%). There was an effect of green betel leaf extract on the mortality of house flies (p-value 0.0001 <0.05) with the most effective concentration of 75%. Further research is needed to obtain a finished product utilizing green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide, especially in controlling the fly vector. Need further research on the use of green betel leaf extract as a vegetable insecticide controlling the fly vector by taking into account the amount of spraying and the age of the fly.   Keywords: Green betel leaf extract , organic insecticide, houseflies

scholarly journals Betel (Piper betle L.) leaf ethanolic extracts dechlorophyllized using different methods: antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and application for shelf-life extension of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (29) ◽  
pp. 17630-17641
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tagrida ◽  
Soottawat Benjakul
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Refrigerated Storage ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Betel leaf ethanolic extract dechlorophyllized using sedimentation (BLEE-SED) exhibited enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities. BLEE-SED could extend the shelf-life of Nile tilapia fillets during refrigerated storage (4 °C) up to 9 days.

scholarly journals Bacterial Leaf Spot of Celery in California: Etiology, Epidemiology, and Role of Contaminated Seed

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 892-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Little ◽  
S. T. Koike ◽  
R. L. Gilbertson
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Spot ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Celery Seed ◽  
Salinas Valley

Pseudomonas syringae pv. apii, causal agent of bacterial leaf spot (BLS) of celery, was first identified in California in 1989. By 1991, BLS was apparent in all celery-growing areas of the state. Greenhouse-produced transplants were affected most severely, and disease incidence approached 100% in some greenhouses. In this study, sources of inoculum and factors contributing to disease development were investigated in three Salinas Valley greenhouse operations during the 1991, 1992, and 1993 celery transplant seasons (January to August). Epiphytic P. syringae pv. apii was not detected on celery transplants until April or May of each year. Increased epiphytic populations preceded BLS outbreaks, and high-pressure, overhead irrigation favored bacterial infiltration and disease development. In seed-wash assays, P. syringae pv. apii was recovered from 5 of 24 commercial celery seed lots. In field tests, epiphytic P. syringae pv. apii was found on umbels of inoculated celery plants, and seeds from these plants were heavily contaminated with P. syringae pv. apii. Contaminated seed produced seedlings with large epiphytic P. syringae pv. apii populations. Hot-water treatment (50°C for 25 min) eliminated >99.9% of seed contamination. Based on these results, disease management techniques are proposed.

scholarly journals Field Evaluations of Leaf Spot Resistance and Yield in Peanut Genotypes in the United States and Bolivia

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Gremillion ◽  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
B. G. Mullinix ◽  
R. N. Pittman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cercospora Arachidicola ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Progress Curve

Field experiments were conducted in 2002 to 2006 to characterize yield potential and disease resistance in the Bolivian landrace peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cv. Bayo Grande, and breeding lines developed from crosses of Bayo Grande and U.S. cv. Florida MDR-98. Diseases of interest included early leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora arachidicola, and late leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercosporidium personatum. Bayo Grande, MDR-98, and three breeding lines, along with U.S. cvs. C-99R and Georgia Green, were included in split-plot field experiments in six locations across the United States and Bolivia. Whole-plot treatments consisted of two tebuconazole applications and a nontreated control. Genotypes were the subplot treatments. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) for percent defoliation due to leaf spot was lower for Bayo Grande and all breeding lines than for Georgia Green at all U.S. locations across years. AUDPC for disease incidence from one U.S. location indicated similar results. Severity of leaf spot epidemics and relative effects of the genotypes were less consistent in the Bolivian experiments. In Bolivia, there were no indications of greater levels of disease resistance in any of the breeding lines than in Bayo Grande. In the United States, yields of Bayo Grande and the breeding lines were greater than those of the other genotypes in 1 of 2 years. In Bolivia, low disease intensity resulted in the highest yields in Georgia Green, while high disease intensity resulted in comparable yields among the breeding lines, MDR-98, and C-99R. Leaf spot suppression by tebuconazole was greater in Bolivia than in the United States. This result indicates a possible higher level of fungicide resistance in the U.S. population of leaf spot pathogens. Overall, data from this study suggest that Bayo Grande and the breeding lines may be desirable germplasm for U.S. and Bolivian breeding programs or production.

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