scholarly journals Changes in the physico-chemical properties of spear and pepper mint volatile oils during storage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Farouk Ahmed El-Moghazy
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Horticultural Research

The experiment was conducted in Sabahia Horticultural Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt during the period from February 2005 until July 2007. Spear and pepper mint fields were planted late February and harvested in June 2005. The oil from the herbs was extracted by steam distillation method in a private factory in 6-October city. Then, the storage experiment was started in the middle of July 2005 and extended for two years.Dark and clear glasses, 25 ml, were filled with the oils to study the effects of the presence vs. absence of oxygen in the bottle atmosphere (half full vs. full filled bottles), dry oil vs. moisted oil (1% moisture), darkness vs. light (dark vs. clear glasses) and the effect of room temperature vs. low temperature (4oC) on the oils quality during storage. Each treatment was represented by 3 bottles, used once only in each sampling every three months for 9 times lasted for 24 months, June 2007, including the starting point samples. Storing either spear mint volatile oil or pepper mint volatile oil dry, away of air, in dark and placed in a refrigerator is recommended to keep the oils quality in good status. The active compounds will be remained in the acceptable levels and retard it far from spoilage for longer time, it might reach 24 months.

scholarly journals Concentrate development from Litchi Juice and quality evaluation during storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012072
Author(s):  
Jyoti Rani ◽  
Anil Shelke ◽  
Bharti Bansal ◽  
Vinay Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Flow Behavior Index ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract An attempt has been made to concentrate Litchi juice using fresh juice, using class-II preservatives via laboratory scale single stage single effect glass evaporator with vacuum in a batch. Two litchi varieties viz. Dehradun and Seedless late were procured from the Regional Fruit Research Station, Gangian (Distt. Hoshiarpur) and processing was done at Food Science and Technology department (Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab) pilot-plant. The extraction of juice was attempted via screw-based juice extractor with subsequent muslin cloth filtration. The filtered juice was divided into two lots of which one was concentrated via evaporation while another was preserved using 2000 ppm potassium metabisulphite in glass bottles for later on concentration. The juice was concentrated at 50-55oC temperature with a vacuum of 27-30 inches of Hg. The final concentration of juice was maintained at 80 oBrix in all the cases. Product was packed in pearl pet jars and was stored at ambient room temperature (12-38 oC) (RT) and low temperature (LT) i.e., refrigerated (0-4oC) for 6 months periodic quality evaluation like physico-chemical because of storage. Stored product was analyzed at 0, 2, 4 and 6 months interval for various storage physico-chemical changes like TSS, pH, acidity, ascorbic acid, sugars, browning, pectin, viscosity, tannins and sensory quality. The result outcome proposed that seedless variety yield more juice, pulp and less seed in comparison to Dehradun variety while the sensory characteristics were found more acceptable in Dehradun variety rather than Seedless variety. Physico-chemical properties observed in concentrates from both litchi varieties doesn’t show much difference but a clear difference can be seen room temperature stored concentrate to low temperature stored concentrate. The flow behavior for the concentrates was found to be decreasing slightly with storage period as compared to controls. However, considerable decrease in flow behavior index was observed for the concentrates prepared from Dehradun variety stored at low temperature for 6 months to the seedless variety. The consistency index values has shown positive drift with extending storage time especially for those low temperature concentrates. So, it can be said concentrates from both varieties could be commercially produced with acceptable sensory characteristics.

15N NMR studies provide insights into physico-chemical properties of room-temperature ionic liquids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wiedemann ◽  
David Fushman ◽  
Frank Bordusa
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
15N Nmr ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Alternative Solvents

Ionic liquids (ILs) have gained a lot of attention as alternative solvents in many fields of science in the last two decades. It is known that the type of anion...

scholarly journals Physico-chemical evaluation of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oils

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Atti-Santos ◽  
Marcelo Rossato ◽  
Gabriel Fernandes Pauletti ◽  
Luciana Duarte Rota ◽  
Juarez Ciro Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Alpha Pinene ◽  
Chemical Evaluation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis L

Nineteen samples of Rosmarinus officinalis were extracted by steam distillation in a pilot plant and evaluated in terms of chemical compositions and physico-chemical characteristics. The volatile oil yields ranged from 0.37% (1999 harvest) to 0.49% (1998 harvest). Twenty components were identified in the oils. The major components were alpha-pinene (40.55 to 45.10%), 1,8-cineole (17.40 to 19.35%), camphene (4.73 to 6.06%) and verbenone (2.32 to 3.86%). The physico-chemical parameters averaged 0.8887 g/cm³ for specific gravity, 1.4689 for refractive index, and +11.82° for optical rotation, and there were no significant variations in either the chemical or physico-chemical data in the different years.

scholarly journals Essential Oil from Lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) Grown in Ben Tre Province, Vietnam: Condition Extraction, Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-969
Author(s):  
Ngo Thi To Quyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Quyen ◽  
Huynh Thi Kieu Linh ◽  
Thuy Trang Le Ngoc ◽  
Hoang Le Tuan Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Distillation Method ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

In present study, a steam distillation method has been adopted for extraction of the essential oil from Vietnamese lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) peel harvested from Tien Giang Province, Vietnam. Various extraction conditions influencing the oil yield were investigated. The resulting essential oil was evaluated for physico-chemical characteristics and antibacterial activities. The chemic al composition of oil was investigated by GC-MS. The results showed that with grinded lemon peel, a ratio of water and lemon peels of 3:1 (mL/g), extraction time of 90 min at 120 ºC, the highest essential oil yield was attained at 2.1 %. Bioactive components found at high content included limonene (64.90 %), γ-terpinene (13.70 %), β-pinene (11.89 %), α-pinene (2.11 %), β-cymene (1.80 %) and sabinen (1.52 %). The lemon essential oil in this study was found to inhibit five bacteria strains including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Physico-chemical properties and nanoscale morphology in N-alkyl-N-methylmorpholinium dicyanamide room temperature ionic liquids

2013 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 252-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Russina ◽  
Ruggero Caminiti ◽  
Alessandro Triolo ◽  
Sunita Rajamani ◽  
Bernardo Melai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Nanoscale Morphology

scholarly journals Synthesis and investigation of physico-chemical properties of dicationic ionic liquids

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 181230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Xin Sun ◽  
Ying-Ying Wang ◽  
Bing-Bing Shen ◽  
Bi-Xian Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Mei Hu
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Homogeneous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Dicationic Ionic Liquids

A series of dicationic ionic liquids (ILs) including [C 4 (MIM) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 , [C 5 (MIM) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 , [C 6 (MIM) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 and [C 4 (PYR) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 were synthesized. Their thermal stability and melting points were analysed. It was found that dicationic ILs presented important implications in the design of homogeneous and heterogeneous system with water. A homogeneous system of dicationic ILs with water could be formed at a relatively high temperature and then a heterogeneous system was formed when the solution was cooled to a low temperature. The ILs recovered by altering the temperature were obtained in high percentage yields of [C 4 (MIM) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 (97.6%), [C 5 (MIM) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 (97.3%), [C 6 (MIM) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 (98.0%) and [C 4 (PYR) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 (94.2%). On the other hand, [C 4 (MIM) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 and [C 5 (MIM) 2 ][PF 6 ] 2 exhibited good solubility in acetonitrile and acetone. A homogeneous system could be achieved with imidazolium-based ILs with a relatively low amount of water and acetonitrile at room temperature. All of the properties of dicationic ILs have a strong correlation with the nature of dications, the linkage chain and the symmetry of dications. Dicationic ILs may provide a new opportunity for some specific applications in order to enable the effective separation and isolation of products.

scholarly journals PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTROCHROMIC COMPLEX TUNGSTEN OXIDES

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-429
Author(s):  
Борис Магометович Хуболов
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Condensed System ◽  
Tungsten Bronze ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrochromic Devices ◽  
Strong Electron ◽  
Tungsten Oxides ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Condensed Systems

Приведён краткий обзор проблемы электрохромизма в неупорядоченных тонких пленках сложных оксидов вольфрама на основе экспериментальных результатов, опубликованных ранее. Рассмотрены проблемы ионно-электронного упорядочения в сложных оксидах вольфрама MWO ( M = Na, K и x = 0,3), их взаимосвязь с динамикой процесса электрохромного окрашивания в этих конденсированных системах. Рассмотрены возможные пути решения обозначенных проблем. Отправной точкой нашего похода к исследованию электрохромизма и разработки физических основ технологии электрохромных устройств явился отказ от общепринятого электрохимического рассмотрения этого явления. Мы убеждены в том, что электрохромный эффект является чисто твердотельным эффектом, происходящим в конденсированной системе с сильной электронной корреляцией. Электронная структура твердого тела, имеющаяся на границе раздела твердое тело-электролит в значительной степени, управляет характером и скоростью реакций, которые протекают на его поверхности. В случае окислов роль, которую играет электронная структура особенно сложна. Все изложенное указывает на необходимость рассмотрения влияния глубоких уровней в объеме оксидной вольфрамовой бронзы и на ее поверхности, граничащей с электролитом на процесс электрохромного окрашивания. A brief review of the problem of electrochromism in disordered thin films of complex tungsten oxides is given on the basis of experimental results published earlier. The problems of the ion-electron ordering in complex tungsten oxides MWO (M = Na or K and x = 0,3) are regarded as well as their relationship with the dynamics of the process of electrochromic coloring in these condensed systems. Possible ways of solving the indicated problems are considered. The starting point of our campaign to study the electrochromism and to develop the physical grounds of the technology of electrochromic devices was the rejection of the generally accepted electrochemical consideration of this phenomenon. We are convinced that the electrochromic effect is a purely solid-state one occurring in a condensed system with a strong electron correlation. The electronic structure of a solid at the solid-electrolyte interface largely controls the nature and rate of reactions that take place on its surface. In the case of oxides, the role played by the electronic structure is particularly complex. All of the above indicates the need to consider the effect of deep levels in the bulk of the oxide tungsten bronze and on its surface, bordering the electrolyte, on the process of electrochromic coloring.

scholarly journals Effect of Packaging Materials on Storage Quality of Functional Beverage Mix

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (March) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Girija J ◽  
◽  
Kamalasundari S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Finger Millet ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ginger Powder ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles ◽  
Green Banana

The present study aimed at development of finger millet-based functional beverage mix with 9% green banana flour and 1% ginger powder. The developed beverage mix was packed by using four different packaging materials i.e., low-density polyethylene (P1), standup pouch (P2), aluminium foil pouch (P3) and polyethylene terephthalate bottles (P4) and stored at room temperature. The changes in the physico-chemical, microbial quality were analyzed for 3 months (90 days). The results revealed that during storage, the moisture content was increased from 6.23 to 6.99%, whereas other chemical properties viz., carbohydrate (CHO), protein, fat, ash and dietary fiber were gradually decreased from 68.62 to 68.48, 15.09 to 14.99, 1.50 to 1.48, 3.74 to 3.73 and 2.78 to 2.77 respectively. There was no signifance change in calcium and phosphorus among the packaging materials during storage. The microbial load was low in P3 and P4 packed beverage mix during storage. The functional beverage mix packed in polyethylene terephthalate bottles was undergone minimum changes in physico-chemical characteristics. Hence, it is concluded that the storage of functional beverage mix in polyethylene terephthalate bottles extended the shelf life of the product and reduced the nutrient losses during storage.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Air Quality In The Southwestern Part Of The Świętokrzyskie Mountains Based On Selected Indicators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Szwed ◽  
Rafał KOZŁOWSKI ◽  
Witold ŻUKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Opening And Closing

Abstract Background: This article presents the results of research on the air quality which has been under the anthropogenic impact of the cement and lime industry in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains for many years. Research using geo- and bio-indicators was carried out at fixed measuring points in the years 2016-2018. Results: Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and two-year old Scots pine needles Pinus silvestris L. were used for bioindication research. Physico-chemical properties of precipitation were developed on the basis of research conducted at the Jan Kochanowski University’s field research station located on the Malik. Increased pH and specific electrolytic conductivity (EC) of precipitation, as well as variable concentrations of heavy metals throughout a year were shown.Conslusions: Analysis of the chemical properties of transplanted lichens and pine needles confirmed the presence of elements from the cement and lime industry sector located in the Białe Zagłębie. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the needles’ surface revealed morphological changes resulting from pollution of stoma opening and closing by small solid particles of anthropogenic origins, disturbing a gas exchange.

scholarly journals The risk of liquid wood degradation under the influence of marine factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 12012
Author(s):  
Mihaela Luminita Barhalescu ◽  
Simona Ghita ◽  
Tudor-Cristian Petrescu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Wood Degradation ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Biocomposite Material

A case study was performed, concerning the behavior and degradation of a polymeric biocomposite material – “liquid wood”. This material is biodegradable and it is obtained from renewable resources. Three presentation forms – Arbofill Fichte, Arboform F45 and Arboblend V2, were subjected to the action of external factors present in a marine environment. The results pertaining to the change in the physico – chemical properties of “liquid wood” when subjected to the action of seawater and seawater microorganisms, with significant – but nevertheless positive – consequences upon the environment. The material exhibits good performance after the surface and mass stabilization – due to water, C, Na, Cl and O absorption. As such – due to the emergence of a protective organic biofilm – growth of microorganisms significantly decreases and electric conductivity increases. This case study may be viewed as a starting point for subsequent studies of “liquid wood”.

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