scholarly journals PREDICTING BOTTOM CURRENT DEPOSITION AND EROSION ON THE OCEAN FLOOR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Beelen ◽  
Lesli Wood
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
Bottom Current ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Erosion And Deposition ◽  
Generalized Patterns ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
High Resolution Bathymetry ◽  
Current Systems

Three types of oceanographic data are integrated in this study to predict thermohaline geostrophic bottom current deposition and erosion on the ocean floor. These data types are, 1) high-resolution bathymetry, 2) numerical model data of bottom current shear stress and 3) model data of the distribution and amount of sediment on the ocean floor. Intervals of thermohaline geostrophic bottom current deposition and erosion can be quantified from this information, which are then be extrapolated across the ocean floor in 4.5 x 9.3 km grid-size resolution. The results of this analysis are displayed on a map that shows the distribution of zones of bottom current erosion and deposition. This map is then cross-referenced for accuracy using documented examples of mapped erosional and depositional bottom current systems, which demonstrates this study’s approach has strong predictive capabilities. The model developed herein is used to derive boundaries for depositional bottom current regimes and formulate generalized patterns that contribute to bottom current erosion and deposition, and then discuss the importance of these interpretations for resource extraction and ocean floor mapping.

Prospects for improving savanna biophysical models by using multiple-constraints model-data assimilation methods

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian J. Barrett ◽  
Michael J. Hill ◽  
Lindsay B. Hutley ◽  
Jason Beringer ◽  
Johnny H. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Multiple Constraints ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Biophysical Models ◽  
Constraints Model ◽  
Assimilation Scheme

A ‘multiple-constraints’ model-data assimilation scheme using a diverse range of data types offers the prospect of improved predictions of carbon and water budgets at regional scales. Global savannas, occupying more than 12% of total land area, are an economically and ecologically important biome but are relatively poorly covered by observations. In Australia, savannas are particularly poorly sampled across their extent, despite their amenity to ground-based measurement (largely intact vegetation, low relief and accessible canopies). In this paper, we describe the theoretical and practical requirements of integrating three types of data (ground-based observations, measurements of CO2/H2O fluxes and remote-sensing data) into a terrestrial carbon, water and energy budget model by using simulated observations for a hypothetical site of given climatic and vegetation conditions. The simulated data mimic specific errors, biases and uncertainties inherent in real data. Retrieval of model parameters and initial conditions by the assimilation scheme, using only one data type, led to poor representation of modelled plant-canopy production and ecosystem respiration fluxes because of errors and bias inherent in the underlying data. By combining two or more types of data, parameter retrieval was improved; however, the full compliment of data types was necessary before all measurement errors and biases in data were minimised. This demonstration illustrates the potential of these techniques to improve the performance of ecosystem biophysical models by examining consistency among datasets and thereby reducing uncertainty in model parameters and predictions. Furthermore, by using existing available data, it is possible to design field campaigns with a specified network design for sampling to maximise uncertainty reduction, given available funding. Application of these techniques will not only help fill knowledge gaps in the carbon and water dynamics of savannas but will result in better information for decision support systems to solve natural-resource management problems in this biome worldwide.

scholarly journals Standard Description of Common Element Model Data Type Based On XML Schema

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Yang Qi ◽  
Wang Zhulin ◽  
Wang Hongyun
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Xml Schema ◽  
Data Type ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Mapping Mechanism ◽  
The Common

AI-ESTATE standard uses EXPRESS language to describe its diagnostic knowledge, but EXPRESS is not a programming language, which makes it difficult to implement diagnostics using EXPRESS language description. This makes it difficult to share and reuse diagnostic knowledge; XML language with its good flexibility, readability and extensibility, it has brought great convenience to information exchange. Mapping the EXPRESS language to XML Schema is of great significance for the sharing of diagnostic knowledge. First, the data types of the EXPRESS language and XML Schema are analysed; then, mapping mechanism of the simple data types, aggregate data type, and structural data types to XML data types in EXPRESS are studied separately. Finally, based on the analysis of the AI-ESTATE standard common element model data type, the process of describing the diagnostic knowledge of the common element model using XML Schema standardization is studied, and the diagnostic knowledge can be portable and reused.

scholarly journals PELATIHAN KEGIATAN PENGEMBANGAN DIRI TARI INDANG DI SMK NEGERI 3 PADANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Firmadanni Liska ◽  
Nerosti Nerosti ◽  
Desfiarni Desfiarni
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Development Activity ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Main Instrument

The research aims to describe the process of training self-development activity of Indang Dancein SMK Negeri 3 Padang. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods of analysis. The main instrument in this research is its own researchers and assisted with supporting instruments such as stationery and cameras. Data types use primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques are conducted by way of library studies, observation and documentation. The steps for analyzing data are data reduction, data model (data display) and withdrawal/conclusion verification. The results showed that the training of the self-development activities of Indang Dance in SMK Negeri 3 Padang goes well, in the implementation of self-development activities Dance Indang students get a variety of experiences, students are also able to establish cooperation and solidarity well. The activity of self-development of Indang Dance in SMK Negeri 3 Padang is implemented by demonstration method, drill, Tekhnik enquiries (group exercises) with an imitation approach. Competence achieved by students in the training of the activities of self-development in the Indang Dance SMK Negeri 3 Padang is good. It can be seen from the number of students who have very good competence is as many as 12 students with a percentage of 75.00%, and 4 students have good competence with a percentage of 25.00%.Keywords: training, activities, self-development, Indang Dance

scholarly journals On the assimilation of environmental tracer observations for model-based decision support

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1677-1689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Knowling ◽  
Jeremy T. White ◽  
Catherine R. Moore ◽  
Pawel Rakowski ◽  
Kevin Hayley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Environmental Tracer ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Diverse Data

Abstract. It has been advocated that history matching numerical models to a diverse range of observation data types, particularly including environmental tracer concentrations and their interpretations and derivatives (e.g., mean age), constitutes an effective and appropriate means to improve model forecast reliability. This study presents two regional-scale modeling case studies that directly and rigorously assess the value of discrete tritium concentration observations and tritium-derived mean residence time (MRT) estimates in two decision-support contexts; “value” is measured herein as both the improvement (or otherwise) in the reliability of forecasts through uncertainty variance reduction and bias minimization as a result of assimilating tritium or tritium-derived MRT observations. The first case study (Heretaunga Plains, New Zealand) utilizes a suite of steady-state and transient flow models and an advection-only particle-tracking model to evaluate the worth of tritium-derived MRT estimates relative to hydraulic potential, spring discharge and river–aquifer exchange flux observations. The worth of MRT observations is quantified in terms of the change in the uncertainty surrounding ecologically sensitive spring discharge forecasts via first-order second-moment (FOSM) analyses. The second case study (Hauraki Plains, New Zealand) employs paired simple–complex transient flow and transport models to evaluate the potential for assimilation-induced bias in simulated surface-water nitrate discharge to an ecologically sensitive estuary system; formal data assimilation of tritium observations is undertaken using an iterative ensemble smoother. The results of these case studies indicate that, for the decision-relevant forecasts considered, tritium observations are of variable benefit and may induce damaging bias in forecasts; these biases are a result of an imperfect model's inability to properly and directly assimilate the rich information content of the tritium observations. The findings of this study challenge the advocacy of the increasing use of tracers, and of diverse data types more generally, whenever environmental model data assimilation is undertaken with imperfect models. This study also highlights the need for improved imperfect-model data assimilation strategies. While these strategies will likely require increased model complexity (including advanced discretization, processes and parameterization) to allow for appropriate assimilation of rich and diverse data types that operate across a range of spatial and temporal scales commensurate with a forecast of management interest, it is critical that increased model complexity does not preclude the application of formal data assimilation and uncertainty quantification techniques due to model instability and excessive run times.

scholarly journals On the assimilation of environmental tracer observations for model-based decision support

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Knowling ◽  
Jeremy T. White ◽  
Catherine R. Moore ◽  
Pawel Rakowski ◽  
Kevin Hayley
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Transient Flow ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Environmental Tracer ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Diverse Data

Abstract. It has been advocated that history-matching numerical models to a diverse range of observation data types, particularly including environmental tracer concentrations and their interpretations/derivatives (e.g., mean age), constitutes an effective and appropriate means to improve model forecast reliability. This study presents two regional-scale modeling case studies that directly and rigorously assess the value of discrete tritium concentration observations and tritium-derived mean residence time (MRT) estimates in two decision-support contexts; value herein is measured as the improvement (or otherwise) in the reliability of forecasts through uncertainty variance reduction and bias minimization as a result of assimilating tritium or tritium-derived MRT observations. The first case study (Heretaunga Plains, New Zealand) utilizes a suite of steady-state and transient flow models and an advection-only particle-tracking model to evaluate the worth of tritium-derived MRT estimates relative to hydraulic potential, spring discharge and river/aquifer exchange flux observations. The worth of MRT observations is quantified in terms of the change in the uncertainty surrounding ecologically-sensitive spring discharge forecasts via first-order second-moment analyses. The second case study (Hauraki Plains, New Zealand) employs paired simple/complex transient flow and transport models to evaluate the potential for assimilation-induced bias in simulated surface-water nitrate discharge to an ecologically-sensitive estuary system; formal data assimilation of tritium observations is undertaken using an iterative ensemble smoother. The results of these case studies indicate that, for the decision-relevant forecasts considered, tritium observations are of variable benefit and may induce damaging bias in forecasts; these biases are a result of an imperfect model's inability to properly and directly assimilate the rich information content of the tritium observations. The findings of this study challenge the unqualified advocacy of the increasing use of tracers, and diverse data types more generally, whenever environmental model data assimilation is undertaken with imperfect models. This study also highlights the need for improved imperfect-model data assimilation strategies. While these strategies will likely require increased model complexity (including advanced discretization, processes and parameterization) to allow for appropriate assimilation of rich and diverse data types that operate across a range of spatial and temporal scales commensurate with a forecast of management interest, it is critical that increased model complexity does not preclude the application of formal data assimilation and uncertainty quantification techniques due to model instability and excessive run times.

Measurements of a Small Near-Bottom Cyclonic Circulation Near the Gulf Stream Axis

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2197-2202 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Cyclonic Circulation ◽  
Triangular Array ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Bottom Current

Data from near-bottom current meters moored in a small triangular array (25 km/side) plus hydrographic sections reveal the presence of a near-bottom cyclonic circulation with a radius of 50 km and velocity of 10 cm/s just north of the Gulf Stream near 50°W. The circulation extends to at least 1350 m from the ocean floor and was observed over a period of 9 days during which time it moved southward toward the Stream with speeds of 0.5–15 cm/s. The strength of the circulation decreases somewhat with distance from the bottom.

Ferruginous bioforms accumulations in deep marine environments: an approach to their origin and formation mechanisms in the Transitional Zone province of the Galician Continental Margin (NW Iberian Peninsula)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Enrique López-Pérez ◽  
Belén Rubio ◽  
Daniel Rey ◽  
Luís Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Continental Margin ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Bottom Current ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Bottom Currents ◽  
Sea Bottom

<p>Ferruginous tubular structures concretions are widely distributed over the seafloor surrounding the <em>Gran Burato</em> depression in the Transitional Zone (TZ) province of the Galician Continental Margin (NW Iberian Margin). These bioforms-like structures are created by iron oxides precipitations into the tube-dwelling macrozoobenthos as a result of Fe<sup>2+</sup> upward diffusion and O<sub>2</sub> ventilation and diffusion acting in the water-sediment interphase in a non-steady state early diagenesis. X-ray diffraction analyses display that goethite is the main mineralogical component of these bioforms-like structures. Furthermore, non-steady state diagenesis has been identified by several oxidations fronts recognised in three piston cores, reflecting that the redoxcline has not achieved the deeper equilibrium in the study area. Afterwards, these ferruginous tubes were eroded, remobilised and redistributed over the seabed by bottom currents. Ocean-floor observations show erosion and sea-bottom current structures as ripples, grooves, erratic blocks, accumulations of pteropods and carbonate crusts associated with hardgrounds. Sedimentation rates calculated in a piston core display very low values for the last 30 cal ka BP (mean of 1.57 cm ky<sup>−1</sup>) with a marked hiatus between 17.80 to 10.45 cal ka BP, meanwhile abraded surfaces have been identified by high-resolution seismic data confirming erosional processes in this area of the TZ province. We conclude that the ferruginous bioforms accumulation over the deep-ocean floor is indicative of a present-day vigorous seafloor current acting and eroding the sediments of the TZ province. This bottom current is a direct consequence of the general seafloor elevation of the TZ province that causes constriction of the water masses (MOW and LSW) that induces a general intensification of the bottom currents and greater erosional capacity. This erosional process causes the continuous oxygenation of the upper sediments, and it prevents to reach the steady-state diagenesis, playing this fact an essential role in the ferruginous formations and accumulations in the study area.<br><br></p>

scholarly journals Rekonstruksi Paradigma Hukum Hakim dalam Penanganan Kasus Tindak Pidana Korupsi di Pengadilan Tipikor Makassar

Kosmik Hukum ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Criminal Sanction ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Data Types ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
The Law ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
The Way

Abstract The purpose of this research is to know the true meaning of judges at the Corruption Court Makassar against corruption and the implications of the true meaning of the verdict. This research also aims to know the reconstruction efforts of paradigm law judges in order to realize the decision of the law the fair which is based on the principles of progressive law. This research uses the socio-legal legal approach with qualitative data types. Data analysis with interactive model. Data collection technique that is used is the interview and documentation. The result research showed that in practice in the Corruption Court Makassar, paradigm of law judges with character positivistic still dominate the paradigm of judges in interpreting the terms of legislation. The implication many corruption cases that are submitted to the Corruption Court Makassar disconnected free and was sentenced for criminal sanction relatively. Reconstruction efforts of paradigm law judges can be done with the way the values of the paradigm of the old law need to be criticized, updated, and/or replaced with the values of the new legal paradigm that progressive and responsive. The reconstruction can include: (i) reconstruction of the way of thinking of progressive law; (ii) reconstruction method of interpretation of progressive law; and (iii) the reconstruction of professional ethics of judges progressive in running the law. Keywords: Reconstruction, Legal Paradigm, Corruption Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemaknaan hakim Tipikor Makassar terhadap korupsi dan implikasi pemaknaan tersebut terhadap putusan. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui upaya rekonstruksi paradigma hukum hakim dalam rangka mewujudkan putusan hukum yang adil, yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip hukum progresif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal dengan jenis data kualitatif. Analisis data dengan model interaktif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam praktik di Pengadilan Tipikor Makassar, paradigma hukum hakim dengan karakter positivistik masih mendominasi paradigma hakim dalam menafsirkan ketentuan perundangundangan. Implikasinya banyak kasus korupsi yang diajukan ke pengadilan Tipikor Makassar diputus bebas dan dijatuhi sanksi pidana yang relatif ringan. Upaya rekonstruksi paradigma hukum hakim dapat dilakukan dengan cara nilainilai paradigma hukum lama perlu dikritisi, diperbarui, dan/atau diganti dengan nilai-nilai paradigma hukum baru yang progresif dan responsif. Rekonstruksi tersebut dapat meliputi: (i) rekonstruksi cara berfikir hukum yang progresif; (ii) rekonstruksi metode penafsiran hukum yang progresif; dan (iii) rekonstruksi etika profesi hakim yang progresif dalam menjalankan hukum. Kata kunci: Rekonstruksi, Paradigma Hukum, Korupsi

A concentration of exceptionally well-preserved large tubular foraminifera in the Eocene Zumaya flysch, northern Spain

1993 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Crimes ◽  
A. Uchman
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Floor ◽  
Bottom Current ◽  
Northern Spain

AbstractA concentration of exceptionally well-preserved large tubular foraminifera occurs on a specimen from the sole of a sandstone bed from the Eocene Zumaya flysch. The foraminifera were probably washed out from the sediment by a weak bottom current, orientated and concentrated in a pre-existing depression on the ocean floor. Fortunately, subsequently deposited turbidite sand, which forms the host bed, only disturbed the fossils to an infinitesimal degree.

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