scholarly journals LAB-ON-A-DISH RAPID PROTOTYPING AND MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF LAB-ON-A-DISH GEOMETRIES (INCLUDING DYE DIFFUSION STUDIES)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICP IBCP Multiparametric Microscopy Facility ◽  
Oleg Gradov
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
General Question ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
General Article ◽  
Biodegradable Coatings ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

The problem of compatibilities of fluorescence techniques and polymer chips is resolved (as a part of the general chip optics problem) using microscopic investigations of polymer chip transparency in some different textural variances and microfluorimetric measurements of fluorescent dyes in the chip geometry. The problem of the soil chip prototyping is solved using 3D-printing based on some biocompatible and, so possible, biodegradable polymers. The basic complexity of experimental data is provided in the tables placed in the general article text. Is it possible to create multiparametric analytical technique for synchronous biocompatible soil microbiome analysis and monitoring? It is a general question for the real time environmental control. We can say “Yes”, but only if we have a minimal prerequisite case, which we have a good polymer, real “real time” analyzer, biocompatible and biodegradable coatings etc. In other cases the general problem of soil chip design is not a problem of engineering, but it is a problem of soil-chip interface chemical physics and physical chemistry. Such problem may be interpreted only as a principal physical, but not as a technical problem.

scholarly journals Should Calibration Curve Retire From Real-Time PCR Assays?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David An
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Biological Technique ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Number Of Cycles

Abstract Real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) is a biological technique that collects data of target nucleotides as PCR occurs by integrating fluorescent dyes as visual indicators into the amplification cycles. This enables the detection and quantification of the DNA segments in a sample through measurements of the fluorescent's intensity. The cycle threshold (Ct) is defined as the number of cycles required for the fluorescent signal to pass a specified threshold and is inverse to the copy number, the initial number of nucleotides in the sample. Calibration curves are commonly used to approximate the copy numbers of experimental samples using standards with known copy numbers. This study is a retrospective review of historical data to help evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of calibration curves in a real-time PCR assay which have been used for screening of a genetic disorder in laboratories. The hypothesis is that including calibration curves in real-time PCR assays may decrease the screening specificity and accuracy, resulting in more false positives and additional retests. Three different scenarios were designed to replay the historical data and evaluate the relative accuracy of assays without calibration curves. The outcomes of all the scenarios conclude that calibration curves are not helpful for detecting target DNA fragments with low copy numbers, suggesting a reconsideration of their implantation in real-time PCR assays.

scholarly journals Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry versus Real-Time Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Detection of Volatile Compounds from the Human Body

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7185
Author(s):  
Oliver Gould ◽  
Natalia Drabińska ◽  
Norman Ratcliffe ◽  
Ben de Lacy Costello
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Complex Matrices ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Monitoring Drug ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Insight Into

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that can be used for various applications in a number of scientific areas including environmental, security, forensic science, space exploration, agri-food, and numerous others. MS is also continuing to offer new insights into the proteomic and metabolomic fields. MS techniques are frequently used for the analysis of volatile compounds (VCs). The detection of VCs from human samples has the potential to aid in the diagnosis of diseases, in monitoring drug metabolites, and in providing insight into metabolic processes. The broad usage of MS has resulted in numerous variations of the technique being developed over the years, which can be divided into hyphenated and real-time MS techniques. Hyphenated chromatographic techniques coupled with MS offer unparalleled qualitative analysis and high accuracy and sensitivity, even when analysing complex matrices (breath, urine, stool, etc.). However, these benefits are traded for a significantly longer analysis time and a greater need for sample preparation and method development. On the other hand, real-time MS techniques offer highly sensitive quantitative data. Additionally, real-time techniques can provide results in a matter of minutes or even seconds, without altering the sample in any way. However, real-time MS can only offer tentative qualitative data and suffers from molecular weight overlap in complex matrices. This review compares hyphenated and real-time MS methods and provides examples of applications for each technique for the detection of VCs from humans.

scholarly journals Loading Graphene Quantum Dots into Optical-Magneto Nanoparticles for Real-Time Tracking In Vivo

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Yongkai He ◽  
Jingyun Wang ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Real Time Tracking

Fluorescence imaging offers a new approach to visualize real-time details on a cellular level in vitro and in vivo without radioactive damage. Poor light stability of organic fluorescent dyes makes long-term imaging difficult. Due to their outstanding optical properties and unique structural features, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are promising in the field of imaging for real-time tracking in vivo. At present, GQDs are mainly loaded on the surface of nanoparticles. In this study, we developed an efficient and convenient one-pot method to load GQDs into nanoparticles, leading to longer metabolic processes in blood and increased delivery of GQDs to tumors. Optical-magneto ferroferric oxide@polypyrrole (Fe3O4@PPy) core-shell nanoparticles were chosen for their potential use in cancer therapy. The in vivo results demonstrated that by loading GQDs, it was possible to monitor the distribution and metabolism of nanoparticles. This study provided new insights into the application of GQDs in long-term in vivo real-time tracking.

scholarly journals Simultaneous One-Tube Quantification of Host and Pathogen DNA with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Winton ◽  
J. K. Stone ◽  
L. S. Watrud ◽  
E. M. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Taqman Probes ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pathogen Dna

Phaeocryptopus gaeumannii is a widespread foliar parasite of Douglas-fir. Although normally innocuous, the fungus also causes the defoliating disease Swiss needle cast in heavily infected needles. The extent of P. gaeumannii colonization in Douglas-fir foliage was estimated with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using TaqMan chemistry. In order to derive a normalized expression of colonization, both pathogen and host DNA were simultaneously amplified but individually detected by species-specific primers and TaqMan probes labeled with different fluorescent dyes. Detection of host DNA additionally provided an endogenous reference that served as both an internal positive control and adjusted for variation introduced by sample-to-sample differences in DNA extraction and PCR efficiencies. The genes employed for designing the TaqMan probes and primers were β-tubulin for the pathogen and a LEAFY/FLORICAULA-like gene involved in floral development for the tree host. Both probe/primer sets exhibited high precision and reproducibility over a linear range of 4 orders of magnitude. This eliminated the need to analyze samples in multiple dilutions when comparing lightly with heavily infected needles. Quantification of the fungus within needles was successful as early as 1 month after initial infection. Real-time PCR is the only method currently available to quantify P. gaeumannii colonization early in the first year of the colonization process.

UV-assisted synthesis of long-wavelength Si-pyronine fluorescent dyes for real-time and dynamic imaging of glutathione fluctuation in living cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (28) ◽  
pp. 4826-4831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailiang Nie ◽  
Liang Qiao ◽  
Wen Yang ◽  
Bingpeng Guo ◽  
Fangyun Xin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Dynamic Imaging ◽  
Long Wavelength

Long-wavelength Si-pyronine fluorescent dyes are synthesized for reversible, real-time and dynamic imaging of glutathione fluctuation in living cells.

scholarly journals Development of a Real-Time Calculating Node for Greenhouse Ventilation Rates and Evaporation Rates in a Decentralized Autonomous Environmental Control System

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro YASUBA ◽  
Hidehito KUROSAKI ◽  
Masuyuki TAKAICHI ◽  
Hiromi OMORI ◽  
Hiroki KAWASHIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Ventilation Rates ◽  
Greenhouse Ventilation

scholarly journals The dynamics of variation in individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Tamminga ◽  
Laurel MacKenzie ◽  
David Embick
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Language Use ◽  
General Question ◽  
Linguistic Variables

This paper examines the factors conditioning the production of linguistic variables in real time by individual speakers: what we term the dynamics of variation in individuals. We propose a framework that recognizes three types of factors conditioning variation: sociostylistic, internal linguistic, and psychophysiological. We develop two main points against this background. The first is that sequences of variants produced by individuals display systematic patterns that can be understood in terms of sociostylistic conditioning and psychophysiological conditioning. The second is that psychophysiological conditioning and internal linguistic conditioning are distinct in their mental implementations; this claim has implications for understanding the locality of the factors conditioning alternations, the universality and language-specificity of variation, and the general question of whether grammar and language use are distinct. Questions about the dynamics of variation in individuals are set against community-centered perspectives to argue that findings in the two domains, though differing in explanatory focus, can ultimately be mutually informative.

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