scholarly journals The dynamics of variation in individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith Tamminga ◽  
Laurel MacKenzie ◽  
David Embick
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Language Use ◽  
General Question ◽  
Linguistic Variables

This paper examines the factors conditioning the production of linguistic variables in real time by individual speakers: what we term the dynamics of variation in individuals. We propose a framework that recognizes three types of factors conditioning variation: sociostylistic, internal linguistic, and psychophysiological. We develop two main points against this background. The first is that sequences of variants produced by individuals display systematic patterns that can be understood in terms of sociostylistic conditioning and psychophysiological conditioning. The second is that psychophysiological conditioning and internal linguistic conditioning are distinct in their mental implementations; this claim has implications for understanding the locality of the factors conditioning alternations, the universality and language-specificity of variation, and the general question of whether grammar and language use are distinct. Questions about the dynamics of variation in individuals are set against community-centered perspectives to argue that findings in the two domains, though differing in explanatory focus, can ultimately be mutually informative.

Reconsidering Language Use in Our Talk of Expertise—Are We Missing Something?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shotter
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Language Use ◽  
General Rules

There is currently a troubling disconnect between scientific and rational accounts of how experts act in specific situations, and the kind of non-deliberate thinking involved in the actual enactment of expertise. The dominant Cartesian approach provides scientific after-the-fact accounts of expertise, in the sense that it portrays expertise as made up of a set of general rules, frameworks, plans, and procedures for how to act in specific circumstances. Such after-the-fact accounts do not, however, capture how expertise is enacted and developed in the midst of particular circumstances. Specifically, such accounts overlook how experts make sense of the particularities of the unfolding situation. This chapter proposes a Wittgensteinian approach, which enables a real-time account of what expertise looks like, feels like, and sounds like from within experts’ efforts to handle the particularities of an unfolding situation.

Quantifying the standardization process in a non-standard local community

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Jiménez-Cano ◽  
Juan Manuel Hernández-Campoy
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
Peninsular Spanish ◽  
Castilian Spanish

The aim of this paper is to report the results of a study of Murcian speech in order to measure the increasing diffusion of standard Castilian features from northern Peninsular Spanish over Murcian Spanish, a traditionally non-standard region. Following the methodology used in similar studies and a real-time approach, we measured the level of standardization of people interviewed in radio broadcasts in the last 26 years. A detailed analysis correlating linguistic variables with social variables and time intervals allowed us to compare the sociolinguistic behavior of the different social groups in terms of standardization (adoption of Castilian Spanish features) or non-standardization (maintenance of local Murcian features) and their tendencies in diachronic terms.

Is translated language more standardized than non-translated language?

Target ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Delaere ◽  
Gert De Sutter ◽  
Koen Plevoets
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Standard Language ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Source Language ◽  
External Communication ◽  
Non Fiction ◽  
Text Types ◽  
Frequency Counts

With this article, we seek to support the law of growing standardization by showing that texts translated into Belgian Dutch make more use of standard language than non-translated Belgian Dutch texts. Additionally, we want to examine whether the use of standard vs. non-standard language can be attributed to the variables text type and source language. In order to achieve that goal, we gathered a diverse set of linguistic variables and used a 10-million-word corpus that is parallel, comparable and bidirectional (the Dutch Parallel Corpus; Macken et al. 2011). The frequency counts for each of the variables are used to determine the differences in standard language use by means of profile-based correspondence analysis (Plevoets 2008). The results of our analysis show that (i) in general, there is indeed a standardizing trend among translations and (ii) text types with a lot of editorial control (fiction, non-fiction and journalistic texts) contain more standard language than the less edited text types (administrative texts and external communication) which adds support for the idea that the differences between translated and non-translated texts are text type dependent.

scholarly journals LAB-ON-A-DISH RAPID PROTOTYPING AND MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS OF LAB-ON-A-DISH GEOMETRIES (INCLUDING DYE DIFFUSION STUDIES)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ICP IBCP Multiparametric Microscopy Facility ◽  
Oleg Gradov
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
General Question ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
General Article ◽  
Biodegradable Coatings ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

The problem of compatibilities of fluorescence techniques and polymer chips is resolved (as a part of the general chip optics problem) using microscopic investigations of polymer chip transparency in some different textural variances and microfluorimetric measurements of fluorescent dyes in the chip geometry. The problem of the soil chip prototyping is solved using 3D-printing based on some biocompatible and, so possible, biodegradable polymers. The basic complexity of experimental data is provided in the tables placed in the general article text. Is it possible to create multiparametric analytical technique for synchronous biocompatible soil microbiome analysis and monitoring? It is a general question for the real time environmental control. We can say “Yes”, but only if we have a minimal prerequisite case, which we have a good polymer, real “real time” analyzer, biocompatible and biodegradable coatings etc. In other cases the general problem of soil chip design is not a problem of engineering, but it is a problem of soil-chip interface chemical physics and physical chemistry. Such problem may be interpreted only as a principal physical, but not as a technical problem.

scholarly journals Interlocutors’ Age Impacts Teenagers’ Online Writing Style: Accommodation in Intra- and Intergenerational Online Conversations

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Hilte ◽  
Walter Daelemans ◽  
Reinhild Vandekerckhove
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Poisson Models ◽  
Conversation Partner ◽  
Intragenerational Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Large Corpus

The present study examines how teenagers adapt their language use to that of their conversation partner (i.e., the linguistic phenomenon of accommodation) in interactions with peers (intragenerational communication) and with older interlocutors (intergenerational communication). We analyze a large corpus of Flemish teenagers’ conversations on Facebook Messenger and WhatsApp, which appear to be highly peer-oriented. With Poisson models, we examine whether the teenage participants adjust their writing style to older interlocutors. The same trend emerges for three sets of prototypical markers of the informal online genre: teenagers insert significantly fewer of these markers when interacting with older interlocutors, thus matching their interlocutors’ style and increasing linguistic similarity. Finally, the analyses reveal subtle differences in accommodation patterns for the distinct linguistic variables with respect to the impact of the teenagers’ sociodemographic profiles and their interlocutors’ age.

scholarly journals Cardiff English: A Real Time Study of Stability and Change between Childhood and Mid-Adulthood

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Inger Margrethe Mees ◽  
Christina Høøck Osorno
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Time Study ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Stylistic Variation ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Made In

This article describes a real time panel study of a small number of working and middle class female speakers recorded in Cardiff at three points in time over a period of 35 years. The first recordings were made in 1977 when the informants were ten years old. The second date from 1990 when they were young adults, and the third from 2011 when they had entered into midadulthood. The linguistic variables investigated were h-dropping and the realisation of /r/ as an approximant or tap. Three issues were addressed. First, the two variables were categorised into indicators or markers/stereotypes on the basis of social and stylistic variation. This served as a basis for the second question, which was to discover if the patterns of change over time were in accordance with those predicted by the literature, with indicators remaining stable and markers/stereotypes being age-graded. Finally, we looked at individual variation.

scholarly journals Sociolinguistic Conditioning of Phonetic Category Realisation in Non-Native Speech

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Ewa Waniek-Klimczak
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Language Usage ◽  
Linguistic Variables ◽  
Phonetic Category ◽  
Closure Duration ◽  
Attitudinal Factors ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
The U.S

The realisation of phonetic categories reflects a complex relationship between individual phonetic parameters and both linguistic and extra-linguistic conditioning of language usage. The present paper investigates the effect of selected socio-linguistic variables, such as the age, the amount of language use and cultural/social distance in English used by Polish immigrants to the U.S. Individual parameters used in the realisation of the category ‘voice’ have been found to vary in their sensitivity to extra-linguistic factors: while the production of target-like values of all parameters is related to the age, it is the closure duration that is most stable in the correspondence to the age and level of language proficiency. The VOT and vowel duration, on the other hand, prove to be more sensitive to the amount of language use and attitudinal factors.

Online child sexual offenders' language use in real-time chats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Powell ◽  
Sharon Casey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
Child Sexual Offenders

We analysed chat log communications between 38 adult males and children who were accessed by the men via social media for sexually exploitative purposes. Our goal was to understand how sexual offenders engage with children online and the dialogue they use to elicit compliance with sexual requests. Results revealed 72 discrete linguistic tactics, contained within eight overarching dialogue-based ‘moves’. Tactics were non-sequential (ie dynamic) and focused mainly on requests for sexual activity. Three distinct subgroup patterns of tactic use were evident. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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