scholarly journals Torsional effects through mass asymmetry : A state-of-the-art review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Luke Karuthedath ◽  
Robin Davis P
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Seismic Loads ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Concentrated Mass ◽  
Mass Asymmetry ◽  
Asymmetric Buildings ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Water Tanks

Asymmetric distribution of mass over the floor slabs can cause torsional effects in buildings, even when it is symmetric in strength and stiffness. Such systems are referred to as mass eccentric or mass asymmetric buildings. Eccentricity in mass can result in building rotation in addition to its normal translation modes, which can further cause unpredictable deformation and even failure of the building under seismic loads. Irregularity in mass is found in buildings having concentrated mass elements in certain floors such as water tanks, machinery, etc. Many researchers have attempted to study the behavior of asymmetric buildings in general, but very few on the specific topic of mass asymmetry. This paper attempts to review and consolidate the literature written on the topic of mass asymmetry to the author’s knowledge.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Distribution Measure for Few-shot Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbin Li ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Jing Huo ◽  
Yinghuan Shi ◽  
Yang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Query Image ◽  
Local Descriptor ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
The Core ◽  
Measure Function ◽  
Asymmetric Relation ◽  
Core Idea

The core idea of metric-based few-shot image classification is to directly measure the relations between query images and support classes to learn transferable feature embeddings. Previous work mainly focuses on image-level feature representations, which actually cannot effectively estimate a class's distribution due to the scarcity of samples. Some recent work shows that local descriptor based representations can achieve richer representations than image-level based representations. However, such works are still based on a less effective instance-level metric, especially a symmetric metric, to measure the relation between a query image and a support class. Given the natural asymmetric relation between a query image and a support class, we argue that an asymmetric measure is more suitable for metric-based few-shot learning. To that end, we propose a novel Asymmetric Distribution Measure (ADM) network for few-shot learning by calculating a joint local and global asymmetric measure between two multivariate local distributions of a query and a class. Moreover, a task-aware Contrastive Measure Strategy (CMS) is proposed to further enhance the measure function. On popular miniImageNet and tieredImageNet, ADM can achieve the state-of-the-art results, validating our innovative design of asymmetric distribution measures for few-shot learning. The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/WenbinLee/ADM.git.

scholarly journals Deep Learning-Based Sentimental Analysis for Large-Scale Imbalanced Twitter Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal ◽  
Xianqiao ◽  
Aldabbas
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Psychological Conditions ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Wide Range

Emotions detection in social media is very effective to measure the mood of people about a specific topic, news, or product. It has a wide range of applications, including identifying psychological conditions such as anxiety or depression in users. However, it is a challenging task to distinguish useful emotions’ features from a large corpus of text because emotions are subjective, with limited fuzzy boundaries that may be expressed in different terminologies and perceptions. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a hybrid approach of deep learning based on TensorFlow with Keras for emotions detection on a large scale of imbalanced tweets’ data. First, preprocessing steps are used to get useful features from raw tweets without noisy data. Second, the entropy weighting method is used to compute the importance of each feature. Third, class balancer is applied to balance each class. Fourth, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to transform high correlated features into normalized forms. Finally, the TensorFlow based deep learning with Keras algorithm is proposed to predict high-quality features for emotions classification. The proposed methodology is analyzed on a dataset of 1,600,000 tweets collected from the website ‘kaggle’. Comparison is made of the proposed approach with other state of the art techniques on different training ratios. It is proved that the proposed approach outperformed among other techniques.

Working Group Activities of AGARD Propulsion and Energetics Panel

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet S. Ucer
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Working Group ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Experimental Knowledge ◽  
Group Activities ◽  
Working Groups

One of the major activities of AGARD Panels is to form working groups which assemble experts who work on the particular subject for two or three years. As a result of the work an Advisory Report is published which compiles the state of the art knowledge on the chosen specific topic. This paper explains the philosophy and procedures adopted during the formation of working groups of the Propulsion and Energetics Panel. Working groups concerning gas turbine technologies are presented. The selected working groups aim to improve the computational and experimental knowledge which would lead to the design of advanced aero gas turbine engines. Objective, scope, procedure, and important results of each Working Group will be explained. Working groups which were active during 1980’s and which are presently active are covered.

scholarly journals A Text Mining Based Map of Engineering Design: Topics and their Trajectories Over Time

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2765-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Chiarello ◽  
Nicola Melluso ◽  
Andrea Bonaccorsi ◽  
Gualtiero Fantoni
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Topic Modelling ◽  
Specific Topic ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
New Research ◽  
Large Corpus ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe Engineering Design field is growing fast and so is growing the number of sub-fields that are bringing value to researchers that are working in this context. From psychology to neurosciences, from mathematics to machine learning, everyday scholars and practitioners produce new knowledge of potential interest for designers.This leads to complications in the researchers’ aims who want to quickly and easily find literature on a specific topic among a large number of scientific publications or want to effectively position a new research.In the present paper, we address this problem by using state of the art text mining techniques on a large corpus of Engineering Design related documents. In particular, a topic modelling technique is applied to all the papers published in the ICED proceedings from 2003 to 2017 (3,129 documents) in order to find the main subtopics of Engineering Design. Finally, we analyzed the trends of these topics over time, to give a bird-eye view of how the Engineering Design field is evolving.The results offer a clear and bottom-up picture of what Engineering design is and how the interest of researchers in different topics has changed over time.

Constructions Of 10-Storey Residential Buildings With Steel Frame

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Concrete Panels ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
Principles Of Design ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Nowadays residential and civil buildings in our country are often erected by using the monolithic frame without collar beams. The disadvantages of this system are the result of the rejection of the basic principles of the national school of design, implemented in the 1970s in the method of a Single catalog of unified parts. This method is based on using prefabricated reinforced concrete constructions for savings of steel, reducing the labor input, erection time and cost of construction. The essence of the catalog system is a set of unified products and parts, from which buildings of different purposes are mounted with individual space-planning solutions, architecture, number of storeys, etc. À powerful scientific, personnel and production base, which made it possible to move to the industrial method of construction, was created under the method of a Single catalog in our country. Herewith, this system has replaced other structural solutions, first of all, the steel structures of frames. The latter have well-known advantages and are most consistent with the basic principles of design. Therefore, recently there has been an increasing interest in the use of steel frames. The evidence of using such constructions as a bearing system when constructing 10-storey residential buildings in Maykop is given in this article. Planning and constructive decisions of buildings, features of their realization, when using a braced framework with precast reinforced concrete panels of floor slabs and walls, are considered. The analysis of the stress-strain state of structures and indicators of steel consumption, including structural elements is carried out. It is also noted that the requirements of standards for strength and stiffness are met with a margin and the system has reserves for its improvement.

scholarly journals On the Evaluation of the Mechanical Behaviour of Structural Glass Elements

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 799-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Costa ◽  
Micaela Miranda ◽  
Humberto Varum ◽  
Filipe Teixeira Dias
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Structural Glass ◽  
Tempered Glass ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

Glass can be considered to be a high-technology engineering material with a multifunctional potential for structural applications. However, the conventional approach to the use of glass is often based only on its properties of transparency and isolation. It is thus highly appropriate and necessary to study the mechanical behaviour of this material and to develop adequate methods and models leading to its characterisation. It is evident that the great potential of growth for structural glass applications is an important opportunity of development for the glass industry and the building/construction sectors. The work presented in this paper is a reflection of this conclusion. The authors shortly present the state-of-the-art on the application of glass as a structural element in building and construction, and refer to other potential fields of application and available glass materials. The experimental procedures and methods adopted in three-point bending tests performed on 500 × 100 [mm2] float, laminated and tempered glass specimens with thicknesses between 4 and 19 mm are thoroughly described. The authors evaluated the mechanical strength and stiffness of glass for structural applications. This work contributes to a deeper knowledge of the properties of this material.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Review of Enzyme-Induced Calcite Precipitation (EICP) for Ground Improvement: Applications and Prospects

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Mohamed G. Arab ◽  
Rami Alsodi ◽  
Abdullah Almajed ◽  
Hideaki Yasuhara ◽  
Waleed Zeiada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Soil Deposits ◽  
Global Construction ◽  
Strength And Stiffness

The global construction industry consumes huge amounts of mined materials that are considered unsustainable for earth resources. In addition, Portland cement which is a key element in concrete and most construction materials is considered one of the main contributors to worldwide CO2 emissions. On the other hand, natural cemented soil deposits are examples of sustainable structures that have survived decades of severe environmental conditions. Mimicking these natural biological systems provide an alternative to the current practices of construction materials production. Enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) is a bio-inspired technique based on the precipitation of calcium carbonate for enhancing the geo-mechanical properties of soils. In this technique, calcium carbonate acts as a cementitious agent that binds the soil particles together at the points of contact, hence, increasing the strength and stiffness of treated soils, while relatively reducing the soil permeability and porosity. The achieved enhancements make EICP useful for applications such as ground improvement, construction materials, and erosion control over traditional binders. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of EICP for ground improvement including the fundamental basics of EICP treatment. The paper also discusses the chemical and physical factors affecting the performance of EICP such as enzyme source, enzyme activity and solution constitutes. Moreover, the paper reviews the different methods and testing techniques used in the application of EICP for soil treatment. Furthermore, the paper compares EICP with other biomineralization techniques in terms of performance and applicability on ground improvement. Finally, the paper discusses the research gaps and existing challenges concerning the commercialization and large-scale implementation of the technology.

scholarly journals Floor Slabs Made from Topologically Interlocking Prefabs of Small Size

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Maciej Piekarski
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Stable Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steel Beams ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Equilateral Triangles ◽  
Topological Interlocking ◽  
Small Elements

In this article, the issue of constructing slabs from unified small elements, which are connected together into a stable structure by topological interlocking, is considered. The state-of-the-art methods in this topic are presented, as well as the results of the author’s original research. The author has expanded the well-known concept of shaping square slabs from square prefabs by the aggregation of triangular and hexagonal slabs from prefabs in the shape of equilateral triangles, regular hexagons, and rhombuses. Each of the slabs can be modelled with upper and bottom surfaces, either both relief, both smooth, or one relief and the other smooth. The slabs can be modelled in different ways, and each one results in intriguing floor and ceiling patterns. All of the slabs can co-operate with grillages made of steel beams, which can be constructed before filling with the prefabricated slab, which is a novel idea. Reversing the assembly order, as compared to that used in the literature, is made possible thanks to division of these elements into parts, to form a keystone which is inserted into the slab as a final step.

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