scholarly journals Multidimensional Analysis of Groundwater Pumping for Irrigation Purposes: Economic, Energy and Environmental Characterization for PV Power Plant Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rubio-Aliaga ◽  
M. Socorro Garcia-Cascales ◽  
J.M. Sanchez-Lozano ◽  
Angel Molina-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Relevant Topic ◽  
Agriculture Irrigation

Nowadays, the agriculture sector presents relevant opportunities to integrate renewable energy sources as an alternative solution to mitigate fossil-fuel dependence and decrease emissions. Moreover, this sector demands a detailed review of energy uses and other factors that are addressed as priority issues in most developed countries. In this framework, groundwater pumping energy requirements for agriculture irrigation emerge as a relevant topic to be improved in terms of power demand. Actually, this demand is currently supplied by diesel equipment solutions, with relevant drawbacks such as: (i) a large energy dependence on fossil fuels for the agricultural sector and (ii) a lack of participation in reducingCO 2 emissions.This paper proposes a multidimensional characterization to evaluate photovoltaic (PV) solar energy integration intogroundwater pumping requirements. Alternative solutions are compared under economic, energy and environmentalaspects; thus providing an extensive scenario where the considerable influence of multiple factors such as water needs, irrigation area or aquifer depth are explicitly considered. Extensive results based on a real Spanish aquifer and discussion about the solutions are also included in the paper.

scholarly journals Net-Metering and Self-Consumption Analysis for Direct PV Groundwater Pumping in Agriculture: A Spanish Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Rubio-Aliaga ◽  
Angel Molina-Garcia ◽  
M. Socorro Garcia-Cascales ◽  
Juan Miguel Sanchez-Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Net Metering ◽  
La Mancha

International policies mainly that are focused on energy-dependence reduction and climate change objectives have been widely proposed by most developed countries over the last years. These actions aim to promote the integration of renewables and the reduction of emissions in all sectors. Among the different sectors, agriculture emerges as a remarkable opportunity to integrate these proposals. Indeed, this sector accounts for 10% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the EU, representing 1.5% of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2016. Within the agriculture sector, current solutions for groundwater pumping purposes are mainly based on diesel technologies, leading to a remarkable fossil fuel dependence and emissions that must be reduced to fulfill both energy and environmental requirements. Relevant actions must be proposed that are focused on sustainable strategies and initiatives. Under this scenario, the integration of photovoltaic (PV) power plants into groundwater pumping installations has recently been considered as a suitable solution. However, this approach requires a more extended analysis, including different risks and impacts related to sustainability from the economic and energy points of view, and by considering other relevant aspects such as environmental consequences. In addition, PV solar power systems connected to the grid for groundwater pumping purposes provide a relevant opportunity to optimize the power supplied by these installations in terms of self-consumption and net-metering advantages. Actually, the excess PV power might be injected to the grid, with potential profits and benefits for the agriculture sector. Under this scenario, the present paper gives a multidimensional analysis of PV solar power systems connected to the grid for groundwater pumping solutions, including net-metering conditions and benefit estimations that are focused on a Spanish case study. Extensive results based on a real aquifer (Aquifer 23) located in Castilla La Mancha (Spain) are included and discussed in detail.

scholarly journals The Impact of Climate Change on Major Agricultural Crops: Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 261-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui ◽  
Ghulam Samad ◽  
Muhammad Nasir ◽  
Hafiz Hanzla Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Impact

It is necessary for a country to make its agriculture sector efficient to enhance food security, quality of life and to promote rapid economic growth. The evidence from least developed countries (LDCs) indicates that agriculture sector accounts for a large share in their gross domestic product (GDP). Thus the development of the economy cannot be achieved without improving the agriculture sector. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan (2011-12) its main natural resource is arable land and agriculture sector’s contribution to the GDP is 21 percent. The agricultural sector absorbs 45 percent of labour force and its share in exports is 18 percent. Given the role of agricultural sector in economic growth and its sensitivity to change in temperature and precipitation it is important to study the impact of climate change on major crops in Pakistan. There are two crops seasons in Pakistan namely, Rabi and Kharif. Rabi crops are grown normally in the months of November to April and Kharif crops are grown from May to October. These two seasons make Pakistan an agricultural economy and its performance depends on the climate during the whole year. Climate change generally affects agriculture through changes in temperature, precipitation.

scholarly journals Trends in the integration of photovoltaic facilities into the built environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Krstić – Furundžić ◽  
Alessandra Scognamiglio ◽  
Mirjana Devetakovic ◽  
Francesco Frontini ◽  
Budimir Sudimac
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pv Systems

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a critical review of the key trends in the integration of photovoltaic (PV) facilities into the built environment in cities. This is regarded as part of a series of measures towards wider use of renewable energy sources. Design/methodology/approach The problem has been approached from the point that cities are consumers of large amounts of energy. They require uninterrupted energy supply but with dynamic power profile. Mainly consumption of energy generated from fossil fuels is present nowadays with significant pollution of the environment as a consequence. The sustainable energy transition in cities means increasing the supply of energy from renewable sources. Findings The paper points to the integration of PV renewable systems in the built environment, opportunities and constraints, design conditions and tools. The consideration of the constraints which creates urban environment is carried out to understand the complexity of selecting locations in the cities. The paper gives an overview of the possibilities of PV systems integration in the built environment and discusses physical limitations in the urban environment and simulation tools as well as challenges and research and development issues. Research limitations/implications The paper offers a critical review of the PV applications which have been illustrated with examples from developed countries. However, examples from developing markets have not been considered. Future work would address this limitation and enable the discussion from a comparative perspective. Social implications The study gives a comprehensive overview of PV integrations in contemporary cities, stimulating architects’ practitioners to acquire the PV technology and aesthetics, and to apply it in future developments. Originality/value Observing the use of PV applications from the perspective of architects and designers the discussion and examples covered in this paper offers an original review, which provides the base future in-depth studies on PV applications in various contexts.

A Systematic Review on the Renewable Energy Development, Policies and Challenges in Nigeria with an International Perspective and Public Opinions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Justin Ugwu ◽  
Kenneth Chinonso Odo ◽  
Leonard Onyedikachi Oluka ◽  
Kehinde Oseni Salami
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy Policies

Due to the threat posed by fossil fuels to human existence; many countries around the world have turned attention to renewable sources for power generation to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and stop ozone layer depletion. This has increased the exploitation of various renewable energy sources which include: hydro, biomass, solar, geothermal and wind in many developed countries. However, most African countries seem not to have awakened to this new reality. This work presents a comprehensive review of available renewable energy capacity in Nigeria, the level of utilization of renewables in Nigeria in comparison to other countries, comparison of renewable energy scenarios among African countries, factors hindering the development of renewables in Nigeria, the country’s renewable energy policy and ways of improving its status in the country. A lot of peer-reviewed journal articles, and grey literatures were gathered from which the most suitable ones were selected for reviews. In addition, opinions of people across the country and beyond, regarding renewable energy status in Nigeria were sought through a questionnaire. It is found that Nigeria is greatly endowed with different renewable energy sources but the level of utilization has been very low due to a myriad of factors such as non-implementation of renewable energy policies, financial issues, unfavorable government policies and lack of adequate research. It is expected that the findings in this work will awaken policies makers in Nigeria to reshape her renewable energy policies and speed up its implementation as well as guide individuals wishing to invest in the nation’s vast renewable resources.

Agriculture is a panacea in all emergencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Govinda Rizal ◽  
Shanta Karki ◽  
Kishor Dahal
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Agrarian Economy ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Quality Production ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Agriculture is a panacea during all emergencies except the emergencies in agriculture itself. The recent novel coronavirus that caused COVID-19 pandemic has once again rejuvenated this realization. In Nepal, where the agrarian economy is still predominant, the effect of the pandemic differs from that of industrialized and developed countries where commercial agriculture is in practice. The fear of the outbreak of COVID-19, lockdown for its prevention, and diversion of state resources to health and other welfare sector have both direct, and indirect as well as short-term, mid-term, and long-term effects on the agriculture sector. Until now there is no complete assessment of the loss caused by the lockdown in the agriculture sector. Therefore, this study was conducted to collect representative data and information regarding the loss caused at different stages of various agricultural commodities. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire survey from 60 respondents and analyzed using MS-Excel. The findings show that the harvest and supply chain of perishable vegetables, fruits, fish, poultry, dairy, and cut-flower sectors were the worst hit during the lockdown in Nepal. Many city-dwellers returned to villages during lockdown time that coincided with rice cultivation season. The rice harvests later in the year is expected to be high and enough for the country. However, the challenges are the timely availability of inputs, uncertainties of weather, limitation of storages, and disturbances in the internal distribution system. These challenges should be converted into an opportunity to develop the overall agricultural sector through utilization of the currently available surplus human resource for increase in quality production, establishing agri-processing industries, smoothening of the marketing and distribution channels.

scholarly journals Renewable energy Sector in Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 1128-1140
Author(s):  
Zahira Tabassum ◽  
◽  
Dr.Chandrashekhar Shastry ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Energy Share ◽  
Renewable Energy Generation

Excessive use of traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels has resulted in significant environmental deterioration. India is one of the world’s fastest-growing energy consumers, and it is making continual efforts to increase renewable energy generation. The use of renewable energy sources to generate electricity is expanding every day. Renewable energy integration with existing power systems is a difficult endeavor that necessitates strategy and development. Climate-friendly energy systems will result from the use of renewable energy sources in power generation, as they lower CO2 emissions caused by fossil fuels used in conventional power generation. This research looks at a renewable energy scenario using Gujarat as a case study, which is a leader in renewable energy generation. The policies taken by the Gujarat government to increase renewable energy’s participation in the energy mix, as well as the challenges and potential solutions for boosting the deployment of renewable energy sources across Gujarat, are discussed. This study can be used as a guide for policymakers and researchers in other states and around the world who want to boost renewable energy share.

The Conundrum of Sustainable Energy: Clean Coal as One Possible Answer

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus S. Lackner
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Fuel Technology

Access to clean, cheap, and copious energy would allow the entire world to enjoy a standard of living taken for granted in developed countries. This paper identifies technologies for sustainable energy infrastructures, emphasizing that fossil fuels are amply sufficient for the next 100–200 years. However, today's fossil fuel technology will be inadequate to sustain a future world population of 10 billion. Pollution and greenhouse gases from unfettered fossil fuel use far exceed the environment's capacity to cope. Alternative forms of energy are presently either expensive or unsuitable for largescale energy production. Reliance on coal, in combination with carbon capture, carbon storage, and zero-emission technology, could break the world's dependence on petroleum and natural gas while providing environmentally acceptable energy for centuries. By also developing nuclear energy and renewable energy sources, it is possible to pursue a path characterized by plentiful and sustainable energy.

scholarly journals Distributed Generation from Renewable Energy Sources: Ending Energy Poverty Across the World

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Pagliaro ◽  
Francesco Meneguzzo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The World ◽  
Systems View

Following an updated outlook of global energy production and utilization, we show through selected examples from both developing and developed countries how distributed generation from renewable energy sources, and from solar energy in particular, is the key solution to ending energy poverty across the world. Guidelines aimed at policy makers suggest a systems view of energy that will be instrumental in guiding the transition from fossil fuels to combustion-free renewable energy for all energy end uses.

scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Pumping Alternatives for Irrigation Purposes based on the SIMUS Method

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Socorro Garcia-Cascales ◽  
Angel Molina-Garcia ◽  
J.M. Sanchez-Lozano ◽  
A. Rubio-Aliaga ◽  
Nolberto Munier
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Groundwater Pumping ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Water Pumps

The agricultural sector production in developing countries is highly dependent on rains, being affected by scarcityperiods and important water resource reductions in summers. It is very common in countries of the Mediterranean basin that need to pump water for the irrigation of crops, mainly due to the problems of drought and shortage of surface water for irrigation. The water pumping from the subsoil can be then assumed as annual, seasonal or direct, identifying different types of energy sources such as fossil fuels —mainly diesel equipment—, direct supply from grid or PV power plants— isolated or connected to the grid through net-balance system—,which are required to be applied by the agricultural sector. It can be affirmed that the majority of the commercially available water pumps run with electricity generated by Diesel engines and renewables, more specifically photovoltaic (PV) solar technologies, which have become a competitive alternative to pump water with real advantages over traditional fuel-driven generators. However, PV Water Pumping (PVWP) solutions have been marginally implemented; being considered as an electric energy source mainly in remote locations or through hybrid solutions. This paper describes a multidimensional methodology assessment of the different types of groundwater pumping with their potential combinations of aggregated agricultural areas, aquifer depth, and irrigation crop requirements, to determine the optimum or suitable size for future implementation of the most advantageous system, according to the aquifer depth and the water endowment defined. For that, this paper uses the SIMUS method for the assessment of the different types of groundwater pumping, with their potential combinations, by considering specific water aspects of the Spanish studied area (Castilla La Mancha, Spain).

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