scholarly journals Use of smart grid technology to compare regions and days of the week in household water heating

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Roux ◽  
MJ Booysen
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Striking Similarity ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Heating Energy Demand

Water heating is a leading cause of household energy consumption and, given its capacitive nature, has been the focus of research on demand side management and grid peak load management. Despite all the existing literature on energy for water heating, very little is known about an inextricably linked key determinant of it - demand for hot water and consumption patterns thereof. Moreover, even though water heating energy demand profiles have been investigated in the past, little is known about the different energy profiles for the days of the week, and regional variance of such profiles. This paper measures and reports actual hot water demand acquired through a novel smart metering solution. The different profiles for the days of the week are evaluated, in addition to weekdays and weekend days. Finally, differences between units in peri-rural Mkhondo and the urban Western Cape are compared in terms of water demand, energy demand, and efficiency (energy in vs. energy out). The results show a striking similarity to previous work, with the exception that scheduling has led to energy demand leading water consumption. The results also show that daily routines vary significantly, and also between regions. Surprisingly, the efficiencies and consumption patterns between the regions are also stark, with the urban Western Cape using 20 % more water on an average day, and with 70.2 % efficiency vs. 45.8 % in Mkhondo.

scholarly journals The IDEAL household energy dataset, electricity, gas, contextual sensor data and survey data for 255 UK homes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pullinger ◽  
Jonathan Kilgour ◽  
Nigel Goddard ◽  
Niklas Berliner ◽  
Lynda Webb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Energy Awareness ◽  
Household Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractThe IDEAL household energy dataset described here comprises electricity, gas and contextual data from 255 UK homes over a 23-month period ending in June 2018, with a mean participation duration of 286 days. Sensors gathered 1-second electricity data, pulse-level gas data, 12-second temperature, humidity and light data for each room, and 12-second temperature data from boiler pipes for central heating and hot water. 39 homes also included plug-level monitoring of selected electrical appliances, real-power measurement of mains electricity and key sub-circuits, and more detailed temperature monitoring of gas- and heat-using equipment, including radiators and taps. Survey data included occupant demographics, values, attitudes and self-reported energy awareness, household income, energy tariffs, and building, room and appliance characteristics. Linked secondary data comprises weather and level of urbanisation. The data is provided in comma-separated format with a custom-built API to facilitate usage, and has been cleaned and documented. The data has a wide range of applications, including investigating energy demand patterns and drivers, modelling building performance, and undertaking Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring research.

scholarly journals Influence of the quantity profile of the domestic hot water demand and the energy demand for the heating in a single-family house on the SCOP of the air-to-water heat pump

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Skoneczny
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Family House

In the article it was discussed how the energy efficiency of the air-to-water heat pump can change depending on the different ways of the building usage. The author shows that the following factors influence this efficiency: the DHW demand and the demand of the energy for the heating of the building. The article shows that it is very important to take into account the cooperation of both systems, the DHW and the heating. Two models of the SCOP calculations were discussed: in monthly and hourly steps of the calculation. For each model the following assumptions were considered: the different profiles of the domestic hot water demand and the different profiles of the demand for the heating of building.

scholarly journals Solar Water Heating as a Potential Source for Inland Norway Energy Mix

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejene Assefa Hagos ◽  
Alemayehu Gebremedhin ◽  
Björn Zethraeus
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Flat Plates ◽  
Solar Water Heating ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Heating Energy Demand

The aim of this paper is to assess solar potential and investigate the possibility of using solar water heating for residential application in Inland Norway. Solar potential based on observation and satellite-derived data for four typical populous locations has been assessed and used to estimate energy yield using two types of solar collectors for a technoeconomic performance comparison. Based on the results, solar energy use for water heating is competitive and viable even in low solar potential areas. In this study it was shown that a typical tubular collector in Inland Norway could supply 62% of annual water heating energy demand for a single residential household, while glazed flat plates of the same size were able to supply 48%. For a given energy demand in Inland Norway, tubular collectors are preferred to flat plate collectors for performance and cost reasons. This was shown by break-even capital cost for a series of collector specifications. Deployment of solar water heating in all detached dwellings in Inland could have the potential to save 182 GWh of electrical energy, equivalent to a reduction of 15,690 tonnes of oil energy and 48.6 ktCO2emissions, and contributes greatly to Norway 67.5% renewable share target by 2020.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RESIDENTIAL HOT WATER INFRASTRUCTURE: PUBLIC HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, AND CONSUMER DRIVERS

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi H. Brazeau ◽  
Marc A. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Infrastructure ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Waterborne Disease

Residential water heating is linked to the primary source of waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States, and accounts for greater energy demand than the combined water/wastewater utility sector. Furthermore, home water heating is the second largest energy consumer in the home and thus represents an integral part of the water-energy nexus. To date, there has been little practical research that can guide decision-making by consumers, public health officials and regulators with regards to water heater selection and operation to minimize energy costs and the likelihood of waterborne disease. Scientific uncertainties associated with existing “green” advice have potentially created misguided policy with long-term negative repercussions. This review is aimed at defining the current state of knowledge related to hot water infrastructure and in highlighting current gaps in the research. While there are many sustainability claims of certain water heater types (i.e., hot water recirculation systems and instantaneous water heaters) these claims have not been substantiated in head-to-head testing of the interplay between water temperature, energy, microbial growth, and scaling, all measures that need to be better defined.

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