scholarly journals Application of HDM-4 Model in the Structural, Functional, and Economic Variations using Road Maintenance Alternatives: A Case Study at Selected Road Sections in Addis Ababa City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Million Demie ◽  
Emer Quezon ◽  
Alemayehu Feyissa
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Average Roughness ◽  
Maintenance Strategies ◽  
The Road ◽  
Maintenance Schedule ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Roadway is one of the most crucial transportation modes to cater to inland movement within a country. The agency mandate is to design, construct, and maintain the road to sustain the traffic up to its design life without further strengthening. However, some factors are affecting the performance of the pavement. Most pavements start to show some traces of deterioration after construction and opening to traffic, but once neglected, the distress portions would be aggravated with corresponding increasing maintenance cost. Thus, the road's maintenance has to be carried out at the place, right schedule, right quality, and at the least cost. Since there are different maintenance alternatives, the best strategy has to be chosen following the road's condition and the severity of the damage. To select the best maintenance alternative, calculations on the pavement layer's property are performed. The Highway Development and Management (HDM-4) tool can do such measures to help decide which option is the best by evaluating the economic and structural conditions. This paper contains two significant areas that are studied. First, it was assessed the procedures followed by the city's road authority to develop the appropriate road maintenance strategies. Questionnaire surveys and interviews are used to collect information from the city's road maintenance departments. Second, the project analysis was performed for structural and economic comparison of different maintenance alternatives using HDM-4. In the analyses, three selected road segments are considered and collected important input data like road condition data, road network data, vehicle fleet data, estimated AADT, and International Roughness Index (IRI). There were five maintenance alternatives have been defined, and proposed maintenance alternatives are compared. The selection is based on the deteriorated pavement, which showed the average roughness for every section of the road network, considering an analysis period of 20 years and cost stream ranking for their Net Present Value and IRR. Results indicated that using a mill and replace, and routine maintenance schedule for the selected road networks is economically viable and structurally significant. Hence, the city's road authority is recommended to apply the different maintenance strategies, providing an economical and better performance for the city's road network.

scholarly journals Towards a Rule-driven Approach for Updating Dynamic Road Segments

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jelokhani-Niaraki ◽  
Ali Asghar Alesheikh ◽  
Abbas Alimohammadi ◽  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Segmentation ◽  
Transportation Organization ◽  
Manual Tasks ◽  
The City ◽  
Transportation Applications ◽  
Road Segments

In recent years, the development of the GIS-T (Geographic Information System for Transportation) applications has gained much attention, providing the transportation planners and managers with in-depth knowledge to achieve better decisions. Needless to say, developing a successful GIS for transportation applications is highly dependent on the design of a well-structured data model. Dynamic segmentation (DS) data model is a popular one being used more and more for different GIS-T analyses, serving as a data model that splits linear features into new set of segments wherever its attributes change. In most cases, the sets of segments presenting a particular attribute change frequently. Transportation managers place great importance on having regular update and revision of segmented data to ensure correct and precise decisions are made. However, updating the segmented data manually is a difficult task and a time-consuming process to do, demanding an automatic approach. To alleviate this, the present study describes a rule-based method using topological concept to simply update road segments and replace the manual tasks that users are to carry out. The proposed approach was employed and implemented on real road network data of the City of Tehran provided by the Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization (RMTO) of Iran. The practical results demonstrated that the time, cost, human-type errors, and complexity involved in update tasks are all reduced. KEYWORDS: GIS-T, dynamic segmentation, segment, automatic update, change type, rule

An optimization model for annual harvest planning

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1747-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Karlsson ◽  
Mikael Rönnqvist ◽  
Johan Bergström
Keyword(s):  
Programming Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Home Base ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
And Storage

The problem we consider is annual harvesting planning from the perspective of Swedish forest companies. The main decisions deal with which areas to harvest during an annual period so that the wood-processing facilities receive the required amount of assortments. Each area has a specific size and composition of assortments, and the choice of harvesting areas affects the production level of different assortments. We need to decide which harvest team to use for each area, considering that each team has different skills, home base, and production capacities. Also, the weather and road conditions vary during the year. Some roads cannot be used during certain time periods and others should be avoided. The road maintenance cost varies during the year. Also, some areas cannot be harvested during certain periods. Overall decisions about transportation and storage are also included. In this paper, we develop a mixed integer programming model for the problem. There are binary variables associated with harvesting, allocation of teams, and road-opening decisions. The other decisions are represented by continuous variables. We solve this problem directly with CPLEX 8.1 within a practical solution time limit. Computational results from a major Swedish forest company are presented.

scholarly journals Strategic road maintenance and development programme of the republic of Lithuania for 2030 – a tool for using national funds to create a sustainable and viable road network

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282
Author(s):  
Evaldas Morkūnas ◽  
Aivaras Vilkelis ◽  
Skirmantas Skrinskas ◽  
Egidijus Skrodenis ◽  
Daiva Žilionienė
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Economies

Road are significant national assets which provides a fundamental foundation to the performance of all national economies, delivering conditions for social and economic development of countries and international communities. It is of at most importance to ensure a mobile and safe movement of inhabitants with the lowest time and pollution costs. In order to reach the goals the planning processes are implemented on a national and international scale to rationally justify the efficiency of urgent measures. In the Republic of Lithuania, seeking to efficiently use funds allocated to the road sector the Road Maintenance and Development Programmes are developed by the road manager defining a short-term and long-term vision of the road network and measures to achieve it. However, due to the anticipated insufficient financing of the road sector the Road Maintenance and Development Programmes aim to rationally combine preservation of the road network and its perspective development depending on the existing financing. The Road Maintenance and Development Programme of the Republic of Lithuania for 2030 assesses the existing condition of the road network and defines the goals and measures how to implement a sustainable development in the road network. With the help of review analysis this paper studies: road safety assurance, road pavement deterioration degree, social welfare assurance, road maintenance, infrastructure development, assurance of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Sustainable Decision-Making in Road Development: Analysis of Road Preservation Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie Ruiz ◽  
Jose Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Predictive Maintenance ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Road ◽  
Analytic Hierarchical Process ◽  
Maintenance Policies

Road infrastructure in appropriate conditions is a requirement for the development of any country. The formulation of policies oriented to preserve road networks responds to political, socio-economic, and environmental interests. Through a hybrid methodology that integrates system dynamics (SD) and analytic hierarchical process (AHP) approaches, this paper compares some strategies employed in the development of sustainable road maintenance policies in Colombia. Using a hypothetical case study of a national road network, a set of maintenance policy alternatives are evaluated through the SD model in order to analyze the evolution of road conditions, and quantify costs and emissions. Then, a multi-criteria evaluation is performed applying the AHP methodology. Results show that in the Colombian context, decision-making processes regarding maintenance policies are highly influenced by economic factors, which lead to short-term strategies such as performing corrective maintenance over predictive maintenance. However, further analysis demonstrates that predictive maintenance allows the road network to remain in good conditions. Simultaneously, roadways in adequate conditions contribute to mitigate the environmental impact, because CO2 emissions are directly related to the interventions performed to preserve these roads. The proposed methodology can be used as a support tool to formulate maintenance policies that consider the long-term effects at the technical, environmental, and economic levels.

Road Maintenance with Opti-Grade®: Maintaining Road Networks to Achieve the Best Value

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Brown ◽  
Steve Mercier ◽  
Yves Provencher
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Management ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Degradation Models ◽  
On The Road

Road management systems rely on the availability of quality information to make good decisions. A lack of information on the condition of the Canadian forest industry’s unpaved road network led to inappropriate management decisions. To fill this information gap the Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC) developed the Opti-Grade road management system. Opti-Grade is a low-cost tool that provides information about the road roughness and travel speed as the equipped road user’s vehicle travels on the road network. This information can then be used to focus grading activities where they will have the greatest impact on the road condition for the money invested. Further, over time, a history of the behavior of the roads can be built. With this history, degradation models can quickly and easily be produced to see which segments of the road network degrade the quickest and the most frequently. Problem segments can be identified. Valuable road evaluation budgets can then be focused on those sections to determine the cause of the problem. That will allow precious rehabilitation budgets to be focused where they can have the greatest impact. Opti-Grade is currently used by a large sector of FERIC member forest companies with payback periods shorter than 4 months. FERIC continues to improve the software to manage the data from the Opti-Grade system and increase the abilities of the decision support tools in the software.

Evaluation and Analysis of Botswana Gravel Road Condition for District Transportation Networks Monitoring

2014 ◽  
Vol 505-506 ◽  
pp. 740-744
Author(s):  
Adewole S. Oladele
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Gravel Road ◽  
Broad Overview

Gravel roads are majorly affected by deterioration which manifests as loss of gravel materials due to traffic and environmental conditions. District Road Maintenance Managers are faced with competing investment demands to maintain gravel road networks in the best condition due to inadequate intelligent techniques of evaluating the roadway performance. The aim of evaluating the road network performance is to reduce the rate of deterioration so that maintenance interventions could be extended. Road condition data is a precursor for road monitoring and is collected on a periodic basis by road authorities to assist in transportation planning. The primary objective of this paper was to evaluate and analysis the trend of Botswana gravel road condition which best captures the effects of gravel road condition influencing factors. This was achieved by carrying out exploratory statistical analysis. Gravel road condition data were collected through the Botswana Roads Department covering 2002, 2005 and 2008 for Botswana district gravel road networks. The variables required for the analysis were clustered and pre-processed to determine their suitability. The analysis results gave a broad overview of the extent to which gravel road condition trends lend credence to their usefulness in district transportation networks monitoring in Botswana.

scholarly journals Shorter Roads go a Long Way

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 71-89
Author(s):  
Tristan Cleveland ◽  
Paul Dec ◽  
Daniel Rainham
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Density Growth ◽  
Urban Development Policy

Roads are an important aspect of the efficiency gains that stem from population density: the more people live on a given road network, the less each person must pay for paving, maintenance, and snow clearing. While density is related to the road length per resident, the two variables are not synonymous. Two urban areas may have the same spatial extent and population, yet feature distinct road network morphologies, resulting in different values for road length per resident. Road length per resident measures a major category of costs directly, as a large proportion of many municipal budgets are dedicated to road maintenance. A better understanding of road length per resident can therefore support financially prudent urban development policy. The primary objective of this research is therefore to investigate how road length per resident varies with density between the sub-geographies of cities. Nine cities from across Canada were selected and the road length per resident and net density of their census tracts were calculated. The results present a strong and consistent non-linear association between population density and road length per resident. The present analysis is most valuable for distinguishing between medium-density and low-density suburbs. The results suggest that a shift may be necessary in how urban theorists communicate the costs of low-density growth.

METHODS OF REDUCING NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS BY MEANS OF THE INTEGRATED SAFETY APPROACH

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
А. Н. Канищев ◽  
А. Е. Борисов ◽  
Т. В. Каратаева
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Engineering Equipment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The Impact

Постановка задачи. Необходимо рассмотреть развитие сети автомобильных дорог, формирование транспортных потоков, организацию дорожного движения с использованием инженерного оборудования и обустройства дорог, а также проанализировать влияние рассмотренных явлений на аварийность скорости движения. Результаты. Рассмотрены вопросы влияния ограничения скорости правилами дорожного движения на безопасность с учетом развития автомобильного транспорта и сети автомобильных дорог. Предложены способы снижения интенсивности движения на автомобильных дорогах с опорой на опыт развития дорожной сети иностранных государств. Рассмотрены возможные варианты применения инженерного оборудования для снижения количества ДТП. Выводы. Снижение аварийности может быть достигнуто только с применением комплексного подхода к обеспечению безопасности, который включает повышение уровня содержания автодорог, расширение дорожной сети, увеличение скорости движения и рациональное использование инженерного оборудования. Statement of the problem. It is necessary to consider the development of the road network, the formation of traffic flows, the organization of traffic using engineering equipment and road construction as well as to analyze the influence of the considered phenomena on the accident rate of movement speed. Results. The issues of the impact of speed limitation by traffic rules on safety, taking into account the development of road transport and road network, are explored. Methods of reducing traffic intensity on roads based on the experience of development of road network of foreign countries are set forth. Possible applications of engineering equipment to reduce the number of accidents are examined. Conclusions. Accident reduction can only be achieved using a comprehensive approach while increasing the level of road maintenance, expanding the road network, increasing the speed of traffic and rational use of engineering equipment.

scholarly journals Implementation of Road Performance Calculation Models Used in Strategic Planning Systems for Lithuania Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Martynas Jurkevičius ◽  
Virgaudas Puodžiukas ◽  
Alfredas Laurinavičius
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road User ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Planning Systems ◽  
Priority List ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Road Pavement

Deficiency or inadequate allocation of road maintenance and development funds leads to total road network degradation. In order to ensure proper condition of road pavement with a limited budget, we need road maintenance optimisation for the entire road network. The road maintenance optimisation can be achieved using knowledge-based strategic planning systems. The collection and analysis of necessary data help design different road maintenance long-term strategies. The output results help select priorities for road maintenance and proper fund allocation. Optimal road maintenance strategy is the way to keep a fairly good road network with available funds. In addition, the road user costs can be reduced. The aim of this paper is to offer a road maintenance management system for Lithuanian conditions. The model will help evaluate the performance of the current road network and prepare a multi-year priority list for road works.

Genetic Algorithm Applied for Optimization of Pavement Maintenance under Overload Traffic: Case Study Indonesia National Highway

2016 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andri Irfan Rifai ◽  
Sigit Pranowo Hadiwardoyo ◽  
António Gomes Correia ◽  
Paulo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Pavement Maintenance ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
The Government ◽  
On The Road ◽  
National Road

National Road Network which consists of a traditional road structure and modern roads, require planned maintenance and should be in accordance with the needs. The limited choice of available national road network and the deviation of the overloading encourage the government to be more responsive to carry out maintenance management. The institution in charge of road maintenance is often constrained by the limited budget available. A two-objective optimization model considers maximum roughness and minimum maintenance cost for used road network with overload. The study was conducted on the entire national road network in West Java which are paved with flexible pavement. In the proposed approach, data mining model are used for predicting the roughness index over a given period of time. Routine and periodic maintenance are chosen in this study. Multi-objective optimization model was developed based on Genetic Algorithms. Budget constraints and overloading are the two constraints in the developed model. Based on the R-Tools result, the Pareto optimal solutions of the two objective functions are obtained. From the optimal solutions represented by roughness index and cost, an agency more easily obtain the information of the maintenance planning. Results of the developed model has been implemented through the selection of maintenance on the road network scenarios with different levels of overload.

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