scholarly journals Alamanda Ayu Aquila K3319007

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alamanda Ayu Aquila
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Liquid Material ◽  
Long Time

The increasing use of plastic bottles in the environment caused by the rise of teenagers who like to show off a brand of plastic-based beverage products. This makes environmental conditions worse because plastic waste takes a long time to decompose. From many studies conducted, it turns out that plastic waste can be converted into fuel oil. Waste that is used is indeed derived from plastic materials because plastic waste that is processed by pyrolysis produces liquid material that will form oil. There is a simple way of processing plastic waste into fuel oil by means of pyrolysis. This method is easy for everyone to do because it is an easy tool to make. The purpose of this study is to compare the quality of fuels made from the pyrolysis process with fuels that already exist today.

scholarly journals Combustibles alternativos para motores de combustión interna obtenidos a partir de residuos plásticos

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
José Manuel Riesco-Ávila ◽  
David Alejandro Rodríguez-Valderrama ◽  
Diana Marcela Pardo-Cely ◽  
Francisco Elizalde- Blancas
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Rapid Pyrolysis

Of the different methods for recycling plastic, pyrolysis offers the possibility to overcome the limitations of mechanical recycling, which requires large amounts of clean, separate and homogeneous plastic waste to ensure the quality of the final product. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of plastic materials by thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The plastic waste is introduced into a chamber, where it is subjected to high temperatures, and the gases generated are condensed in order to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon. This paper presents the results obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. In a first stage, the plastic waste is subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process at temperatures of 440-450 °C, obtaining a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons. Subsequently, these hydrocarbons are subjected to a distillation process, first at a temperature of 180 °C, where a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of gasoline is obtained, and then at a temperature of 360 °C, yielding a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of diesel.

scholarly journals Determinación de la ruta crítica para la síntesis Química de hidroxiapatita nanométrica

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
José Manuel Riesco-Ávila ◽  
David Alejandro Rodríguez-Valderrama ◽  
Diana Marcela Pardo-Cely ◽  
Francisco Elizalde- Blancas
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Heavy Hydrocarbons ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Rapid Pyrolysis

Of the different methods for recycling plastic, pyrolysis offers the possibility to overcome the limitations of mechanical recycling, which requires large amounts of clean, separate and homogeneous plastic waste to ensure the quality of the final product. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of plastic materials by thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The plastic waste is introduced into a chamber, where it is subjected to high temperatures, and the gases generated are condensed in order to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon. This paper presents the results obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. In a first stage, the plastic waste is subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process at temperatures of 440-450 °C, obtaining a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons. Subsequently, these hydrocarbons are subjected to a distillation process, first at a temperature of 180 °C, where a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of gasoline is obtained, and then at a temperature of 360 °C, yielding a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of diesel.

scholarly journals The influence of the usage of Idpe plastic waste as fine aggregate in light concrete bricks

2019 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Nursyamsi Nursyamsi ◽  
Ivan Indrawan ◽  
Prasetyo Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Composition Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Plastic Pellets

It has been a long time that red bricks become the raw material for wall compilers. As the era develops, the bricks that are light, easy to compile and not time-consuming in manufacturing are invented. The composition materials for the building blocks are cement, sand and water. In this study, the use of sand in the bricks is reduced with LDPE plastic pellets. The reason for the use of LDPE plastic pellets as substitution of plastic materials is that LDPE plastic pellets have smaller density than sand does, so that it is expected that the brick becomes lighter although consists of the same composition and it can also reduce environmental problems as LDPE plastic waste is difficult to be decomposed by nature but gradually produced by humans that results in excessive waste The LDPE plastic pellets utilized are used LDPE plastics that are recycled into plastic pellets. The sample in this study consists of cylinder with diameter of 15 cm and height of 30 cm as sample of trial mixes test, concrete bricks with size of 40 cm x 20 cm x 10 cm, cube with size of 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm and briquette. The trial mixes samples will be treated for 7 days and the brick, cube and briquette samples will be treated for 28 days prior to testing. Furthermore, the sample will be tested with visual, content weight, absorption, compressive strength and drag strength tests. The data analysis uses SNI 03-0349-1989 reference on Concrete Bricks as The Matching Composition for Walls. This study used a mixture of cement, sand and water with ratio of 1: 6: 0.24, this composition was obtained from experiments on several specified compositions. The composition of substitute of plastic pellets used is 20% to the sand, the composition of this substitution is obtained from the experiments on several specified compositions. From the visual appearance, the content weight and absorption, both of normal brick and 20% LDPE pellets are included in the quality I, while the compressive strength test against the sample of normal brick results in quality I and 20% LDPE pellets brick results in quality III.

scholarly journals Effect of Variations in Pyrolysis Reactor With Glass Wool Equipped and Without Glass Wool on the Weight of the Oil Produced

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
IGN Nitya Santhiarsa
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Day By Day

Currently, plastic waste is a very serious threat because plastic waste pollution can harm all living things around and also harm the environment. The increasing volume of plastic waste is due to the lack of processing technology, so that the volume of plastic waste is increasing day by day. Plastic is a material that is difficult to decompose because it is non-biodegradable. One application of plastic waste processing technology offered in this study is to use the pyrolysis principle. Pyrolysis is a method of converting plastic into fuel oil through a thermal decomposition process without the use of oxygen. The pyrolysis process used with a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool and reactor variations without glass wool. The purpose of this study was to compare the yield of pyrolysis oil with a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool and reactors without glass wool. The plastic used is OPP (oriented polypropylene), with a constant reactor heating temperature of 200° C. The pyrolysis process is carried out for 1 hour each test, and the condenser cooling temperature is 28° C. Based on the results of the research, the reactor variation with glass wool got the highest oil weight of 175 grf, while the reactor variation without glass wool got the lowest oil weight of 17 grf. With a variety of reactors equipped with glass wool, the heat generated is more concentrated into the reactor core, resulting in higher oil weight and a more efficient pyrolysis process.

scholarly journals Kajian Karakteristik dan Energi pada Pirolisis Limbah Plastik Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Novarini Novarini ◽  
Sigit Kurniawan ◽  
Rusdianasari Rusdianasari ◽  
Yohandri Bow
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Poly Ethylene

Limbah plastik Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE) tidak dapat terurai oleh mikroorganisme, tidak bernilai jual sehingga tertimbun di Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Akhir. Salah satu metoda pengolahan limbah plastik adalah proses pirolisis. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan jenis bahan bakar minyak (BBM) produk pirolisis dan menentukan efisiensi tertinggi yaitu nilai tertinggi energi yang dihasilkan terhadap penggunaan bahan bakar untuk proses pirolisis. Peralatan pirolisis yang digunakan adalah 1 unit reaktor dan 1 unit kondensor. Karakteristik BBM yang dianalisa adalah cetane index, density, sulfur content, kinematic viscosity, flash point, dan caloric value dari proses pirolisis yang memvariasikan temperatur pembakaran di reaktor 200°C, 250°C, 300°C dan proses di reaktor dengan dan tanpa penggunaan 1% katalis zeolit alam terhadap 2,5 kg limbah plastik LDPE selama 6 jam. Setelah BBM yang dihasilkan terindentifikasi jenisnya, dilakukan pengkajian efisiensi energi produk BBM terhadap penggunaan bahan bakar pada proses pirolisis. Hasil analisa terhadap karakteristik produk BBM yang dihasilkan di setiap variasi temperatur pirolisis dengan dan tanpa penggunaan katalis merupakan bahan bakar jenis kerosin. Efisiensi tertinggi sebesar 72,51% adalah pada kerosin yang dihasilkan pada pirolisis menggunakan katalis pada temperatur 250°C dengan perbandingan nilai energi 20.402 kkal untuk kerosin hasil pirolisis limbah plastik LDPE dan 28.137 kkal untuk penggunaan bahan bakar Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) pada proses pirolisis. Pirolisis dengan penggunaan katalis zeolit 1% pada suhu 250°C terbukti menjadi cara yang efisien dan berkelanjutan untuk pengolahan limbah LDPE menjadi BBM jenis kerosin.Low-Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE), plastic waste cannot be broken down by microorganisms in the soil, has no sale value, so it is buried in the final waste disposal site. One of the plastic waste treatment methods is the pyrolysis process. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of fuel oil from pyrolysis products and to determine the energy efficiency produced against the highest fuel use. The pyrolysis equipment used is 1 reactor unit and 1 condenser unit. The characteristics of the fuel oil product analyzed are the cetane index, density, sulfur content, kinematic viscosity, flash point, and caloric value of the pyrolysis process which varies the combustion temperature in the reactor by 200°C, 250°C, 300°C and the process in the reactor, with and without the use of natural zeolite catalysts 1% against 2.5 kg of LDPE plastic waste for 6 hours. After the type of fuel produced is identified, an energy efficiency assessment of the fuel product is carried out on the use of fuel in the pyrolysis process. The results analysis show that the all product of fuel oil is a kerosene-type of fuel. The highest efficiency of 72.51% is the kerosene produced in pyrolysis using a catalyst at a temperature of 250°C with an energy value ratio of 20,402 kcal for kerosene from pyrolysis of LDPE plastic waste and 28,137 kcal for the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel in the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis using a 1% zeolite catalyst at 250°C has proven to be an efficient and sustainable way to treat LDPE waste into kerosene fuel.

scholarly journals Improvement of Plastic Waste Processing In The Plastic Waste Processing Industry at Tanjungsari District Sumedang

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ahmad Munandar ◽  
Ketut Abimanyu Munastha ◽  
Nurwathi Nurwathi ◽  
Udin Komarudin ◽  
Leni Herdiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Management ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Technical Training ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
The People ◽  
Production Management System ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Recycle Plastic

The waste problem is a very complex discussion. Every day thousands of tons of waste are produced by industry and households. The most complicated problem of handling waste today is plastic. Until now, Indonesia is the number two plastic waste-producing country in the world, amounting to 187.2 million tons/year (2015). This problem needs to be solved scientifically, given the pollution generated by plastic waste is getting worse. One of the efforts made is to recycle plastic waste, such as the people of Cinanjung Village, Kutawaringin Village, and Hegarmanah Village, Tanjungsari District, Sumedang Regency. The problems that arise are (1) the process of making "butek" (plastic seeds) is still very traditional which endangers the safety of the craftsman and the surrounding environment, (2) the process of making plastic seeds requires a long time, (3) the production management system is managed simply. The solution offered is designing and making Plastic Lubricating Machines as well as management and technical training in the use of lubricating machines. From the use of the lubricating machine it can be concluded that; (1) the production process is efficient and effective, (2) occupational health and safety are concerned, (3) the quality of the product is better, (4) production management is organized and recorded.

scholarly journals Transformation of Plastic Waste into Fuel by Pyrolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 628-636
Author(s):  
Nayane Nogueira da Silva ◽  
Fabiana Rocha Pinto ◽  
David Barbosa de Alencar ◽  
Ricardo Silva Parente
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Solid Waste Disposal ◽  
Heating Chamber ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Given the scenario of difficulty of equalizing treatment and disposal costs, environmental risks and reduction of mass and volume of waste, the pyrolysis process presents itself as a promising option of heat treatment for the most varied types of waste. The present work aims to enable the transformation of plastic waste into combustion engine fuels. And specifically, perform the pyrolysis process for fuel generation through plastic waste, and describe the benefits generated by the transformation process. The methodology used is the case study, with qualitative approach. To obtain the fuel, it was necessary to use equipment that can degrade the plastic waste by heating it, being possible with the use of a pyrolysis oven. Heating the plastic residue inside the oven without the presence of oxygen causes the residue to melt without burning, releasing vapors, which upon exiting the heating chamber and finding the condensation chamber turns the vapor into liquid, more precisely into fuel oil. However, it was noticed that the transformation of plastic waste into fuel through pyrolysis causes the reduction of the impacts generated by solid waste disposal in the environment, water and air. In addition, it enables a new form of fuel generation, since previously it could only generate fuel from oil.

Tingkat Pemahaman Kompetensi Guru Pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Geografi Sebagai Calon Guru Geografi

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-117
Author(s):  
Novia Zalmita ◽  
Muhajirah Muhajirah ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Prospective Teacher ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Geography Education ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Education Department ◽  
Long Time

One that influences human resource indicators is education. The teacher is a profession as a job of academic specialization in a relatively long time in college. Understanding related to teacher competence is very important to have by a prospective teacher because it can affect the quality of performance as a professional teacher. The teacher's competence is known as pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies. The issue in this study is how the competency of the teacher of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as a prospective teacher of geography? The purpose of this study was to determine the competence of teachers in the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah as prospective geography teachers. Quantitative description approach is used in this study to find answers to the issue. The population in this study were students of the Department of Geography Education FKIP Unsyiah class of 2015 and 2016 who had been declared to have passed the Micro Teaching and Magang Kependidikan 3 course totaling 50 people. Because the population is small and can be reached, the determination of the sample using total sampling techniques so that the sample in this study is the whole population. Data collection is done by distributing test questions to respondents. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistics percentage formula. The results of the study indicate that the level of teacher competence of Geography Education Department students as prospective teachers is in the moderate category, namely as many as 22 respondents (44%). A total of 12 respondents (24%) were in the high category, 15 respondents (30%) were in the low category and 1 respondent (2%) were in the very low category.

Electrical Damage Due to Low Energy Plasma Processing of GaAs Structures

1991 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans P. Zappe ◽  
Gudrun Kaufel
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Electrical Behavior ◽  
Rapid Thermal Anneal ◽  
High Temperature Anneal ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Physical Plasma

ABSTRACTThe effect of numerous plasma reative ion etch and physical milling processes on the electrical behavior of GaAs bulk substrates has been investigated by means of electric microwave absorption. It was seen that plasma treatments at quite low energies may significantly affect the electrical quality of the etched semiconductor. Predominantly physical plasma etchants (Ar) were seen to create significant damage at very low energies. Chemical processes (involving Cl or F), while somewhat less pernicious, also gave rise to electrical substrate damage, the effect greater for hydrogenic ambients. Whereas rapid thermal anneal treatments tend to worsen the electrical integrity, some substrates respond positively to long-time high temperature anneal steps.

PEMBENAHAN TERHADAP LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN DAPAT MENIADAKAN OPSI HUKUMAN MATI BAGI NARAPIDANA DI INDONESIA (THE IMPROVEMENT OF QUALITY OF PENITENTIARY CAN ELIMINATE THE DEATH PENALTY OPTIONS OF CONVICTED CRIMINALS IN INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Nomensen Freddy Siahaan
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Public ◽  
Good Citizen ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time

After a long time was not heard to the public area, lately death penalty toward the criminal cases that classified as extraordinary crime are appear. The author discovers electronic article about the execution of the death penalty which is the prosecutor prepares to execute death penalty toward the drugs dealer. The president of Republic of Indonesia stated that it is necessary to give a deterrent effect to the convicted  criminal and keep the morality of Indonesian teenagers. According to my opinion, the author argues that it will be better and wiser if we discuss about renovating all of the Penitentiary in Indonesia than debating whether death penalty could be done in Indonesia or not, because it will be displeasure many parties, death penalty infringed the human rights of the convicted criminals and cause psychological burden to them, families, the executor of the death penalty, and other parties. Because if we have to improve the quality of the Penitentiary, if the function of Penitentiary for fostering moralily has been optimal or properly enough to the convicted criminals, Indonesia will be no longer need the death penalty option as sanction to the convicted crimanals including for the extraordinary crime (especially for drugs trafficking in our country). Penitentiary is one of the public services which aims for fostering the people that initially have bad habits (commited to the crime), so that they will have the awareness to change their bad attitude into the be better ones, will not harm others, and positively contributed to the society. Already Penitentiary’s conditions should be designed in such a way and as good as possible, so that the inmates feels like at their own home (like having a second home after his own home), and feel humaner to spend their days in the Penitentiary. The author believes that if the Penitentiary has been improved and optimized its function well, then the real purpose of Penitentiary will definitely achieved. As stated in Law Number 12 Year 1995 regarding to Penitentiary Article 2 which states "sanction system are organized in order to fostering the convicted criminals in order to be the real man, aware of their fault, improve themselves, and not to repeat the criminal act so that they can be friendly received by the community, can actively participated in the development of our country, and can socialize themselves as good citizen."Article 3 on this regulation also intensifies the function of Penitentiary "the function of Penitentiary is to prepare convicted criminals to be able to properly integrated to the society, so they can be accepted again as members of the public who are free and responsible ones." 

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