scholarly journals Identification of Contamination Recharge Area of Bribin-Baron Karst Water System, Gunung Sewu, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjahyo Nugroho Adji ◽  
Eko Haryono ◽  
M Widyastuti ◽  
Sudarmadji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Water System ◽  
River System ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Recharge Area ◽  
Potential Recharge ◽  
Underground River ◽  
Urban Activity

This research area is located within the most essential underground river system of Gunung Sewu Karst, Indonesia. Thewater sampling focused on Bribin Cave and Baron Resurgence, where around 300.000 of people depend on this system. Timeserieswater sampling was conducted to assess the contaminant composition within the system. In addition, another objectiveis to identify the possible contamination recharge area of this system.Several samples have been analyzed to identify the contaminations in the underground river. In addition,geomorphological approach and field survey were conducted to describe the potential recharge area of the system includingcatchments of autogenic / allogenic stream and the spatial distribution of sinkholes around the system. Afterwards, thesanitation procedure of waste disposal in the recharge area is also evaluated.The result shows that nitrate, heavy metals, and coli bacteria contaminated some samples over the whole time. Theinvestigation also confirms that there are three possible contaminations of the recharge: (1) urban activity in Wonosari Basin,(2) settlement inside the conical karst, and (3) usage of fertilizer within the karst valley farmland adjacent to the sinkholes.Next, the most intensive source of contamination is the way in which Wonosari City residents dispose their waste withouttreatment into the allogenic river.

Restoration of karst water system in Jinan, China

2015 ◽  
pp. 647-652
Author(s):  
Juan Zhou ◽  
Liting Xing ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Huibo Zhuang ◽  
Tongwen Dou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Karst Water

scholarly journals Impact Imposed by Urbanization on Soil Heavy Metal Content of Lake Wetland and Evaluation of Ecological Risks in East Dongting Lake in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lin ◽  
Kai Luo ◽  
Zilin Su ◽  
Yang Wu ◽  
Wei Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Ecological Risks ◽  
Positive Correlation

Abstract The urbanization is regarded as the major factor related to human activities that may interfere with the natural ecosystem. In this study, we have selected the wetland of East Dongting Lake as the research area. We have collected 180 soil samples (within the range of 0–20 cm, and 20cm-40cm), and we have measured the contents of their physicochemical properties (including salinity, pH value, soil particle composition, soil organic carbon, nitrate nitrogen and rapidly available phosphorus) as well as heavy metal elements (including As, Hg, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr). We have adopted the methods of multivariate statistical analysis and inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation, so as to to reveal the sources and distribution characteristics of heavy metal content in soil in the research area. By adopting the potential ecological risk index (PERI) method proposed by Hakanson, we intend to assess the PERI values of heavy metals. Our research findings have shown that: (1) 8 sorts of heavy metals have shown positive correlation with each other. As, Hg and Zn have shown a significantly positive correlation with SOC (P < 0.01); As, Ni, Cr and Zn have shown a significantly positive correlation with AP (P < 0.01); As and Pb have shown a significantly positive correlation with Clay (P < 0.01); whereas Hg and Zn have shown a significantly negative correlation with Silt (P < 0.01); As and Pb have shown a significantly negative correlation with Sand (P < 0.01). (2) During urbanization, the elements of Cd, Ni, As, Hg and Pb might be enriched due to agricultural and industrial activities, whereas the use of fertilizers and pesticides constitute one of the major factors contributing to the increase of Cd and Pb contents in soil. (3) Influenced by the varying land patterns and with exception to Cu, the Fe-normalized concentrations have shown significant variations among different types of land use (P < 0.05). Specifically, there is a significantly higher level of Cd, Zn, Pb and Hg contents in the agricultural land than other types of land use, whereas there is a slightly higher level of heavy metal content in the mudflats than that in the grassland. In addition, the content of heavy metals in woodland remains relatively stable, and with exception to As, the content of heavy metals in woodland is the lowest among the five types of land. (4) The average value of the comprehensive PERI in heavy metals amounts to 555.03, representing a strong degree of ecological risks. Specifically, the proportion of sampling points of Cd that have a high level of ecological risks amounts to 36.51%, which is the primary element contributing to heavy metal pollution in the region, especially in the agricultural land.

Greek Settlements and Karst Phenomena: Corinth and Syracuse

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora P. Crouch
Keyword(s):  
Water System ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek City ◽  
The Road ◽  
Aegean Islands ◽  
Karst Waters ◽  
The Relationship

To get a sense of the relationship between karst geology and Greek settlement, we will look at examples from the Greek mainland, the islands of the Aegean, and Sicily. There is no attempt here to be comprehensive, as the necessary field work has not been done to make that possible, but rather these examples are selected to suggest the way that karst water potential played an important role in site selection and development. The major examples selected are Athens and Corinth for mainland Greece, Rhodes for the Aegean Islands, Assos and Priene for Ionia, and Syracuse and Akragas for Sicily. Other places will be cited briefly if the details from those sites are particularly illuminating. Karst phenomena, as we have seen, are found throughout the Greek world. Since Athens is perhaps the best documented Greek city, and has in addition a phenomenal karst system as its monumental focus, it receives here a section of its own, Chapter 18, The Well-Watered Acropolis. In Chapter 11, Planning Water Management, we discuss Corinth’s water system in comparison with that of her daughter city Syracuse. Here, however, we will consider the aspects of water at Corinth that derive from the karst geology of the area. This city is an excellent example of the adaptation of urban requirements to karst terrane, the siting of an ancient Greek city to take advantage of this natural resource. Ancient Corinth was built on gradually sloping terraces below the isolated protuberance of Acrocorinth, which acts as a reservoir, with the flow of waters through it resulting in springs (Fig. 8.1). That karst waters are to be found in perched nappes even at high altitudes accounts for the spring of Upper Peirene not far below the summit of Acrocorinth, as well as the two fountains half-way down the road from its citadel, and the fountain called Hadji Mustapha, at the immediate foot of the citadel (as reported by the late seventeenth century traveler, E. Celebi, cited in Mackay, 1967, 193–95.) The aquifers also supply the aqueduct (probably ancient) from Penteskouphia southwest of Acrocorinth.

Reassignment of 'Triplophysa' jiarongensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) to Oreonectes Günther, 1868

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4565 (3) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUAN LIU ◽  
HUAIQING DENG ◽  
ZHIJIN LIU ◽  
JIANG ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
River System ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Karst Cave ◽  
Bayesian Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
As Species ◽  
Secondary Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Underground River

Specimens identified as Oreonectes jiarongensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) were collected from a karst cave in Jiarong Town and Banzhai Township, Libo County, Guizhou, China. Several lines of morphological and molecular evidence suggested that this species was similar to species of Oreonectes Günther 1868 and not closely related to species of Triplophysa Rendal, 1933. The anterior and posterior nostrils of 'Triplophysa' jiarongensis were separated by a short distance, and there was no secondary sexual dimorphism in male specimens. The Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome b recovered 'T.' jiarongensis in a well-supported clade with Oreonectes daqikongensis, O. shuilongensis, O. furcocaudalis and O. platycephalus, sister to the Triplophysa clade. In addition, the genetic distances between 'T.' jiarongensis and species of Oreonectes were low (O. daqikongensis: 0.114; O. shuilongensis: 0.106; O. platycephalus: 0.180), while distances to species of Triplophysa were higher (T. dorsalis: 0.233; T. yarkandensis: 0.282). Therefore, we reassign 'T.' jiarongensis to Oreonectes. Based on this result, it is now clear that species of both Oreonectes and Triplophysa inhabit the same underground river system in Guizhou. However, as species of Oreonectes are only known from the southern part of Guizhou, it may be that O. jiarongensis inhabits the most northerly part of the range of this genus. 

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