scholarly journals PENUNTUN PRATIKUM FISIKA - MERRY THRESSIA, S.Si, M.Si

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merry Thressia
Keyword(s):  
Friction Force ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Kinetic Friction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cohesion Force ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The City

Densistas (density / density) is a measurement of mass per unit volume of matter. The higher the density of an object, the greater the mass of each volume. The average density of each object is the total mass divided by the total volume.Archimedes was the greatest scientist of his time. He was born in the city of Syracuse, Sicily in 287 BC and died in 212 BC. Archimedes is known as a physicist, mathematician, optics and astronomy. He was nicknamed the Father of Experiments, for basing his findings on experiments. He found the law on an event called Archimedes' Law which reads, "if an object is inserted into a liquid, either partially or completely, it will get an upward force equal to the weight of the liquid transferred by the object".X-ray diffraction method is one way to study the regularity of atoms or molecules in a certain structure. If the structure of an atom or molecule is arranged regularly to form a lattice, then electromagnetic radiation in certain experimental conditions will be strengthened.An object moves on a surface, on an object it works a kinetic friction force that opposes the direction of motion of an object. The magnitude of the kinetic force depends on the nature of the two surfaces in contact. For two specific object surfaces, the kinetic friction force is proportional to the normal force. The friction force does not depend on the surface area that is in contact. The rough and slippery nature of the surfaces of two touching fields is expressed by the friction coefficient.Fluid viscosity (liquid) is friction caused by a moving fluid, or solid object that moves in the fluid. The amount of friction is called the degree of viscosity of liquid. So the greater the viscosity of the liquid, the more difficult the solids move within the liquid. Viscosity in liquid, which plays a role is the cohesion force between liquid particles. Viscosity can be expressed as fluid flow resistance which is friction between liquid molecules from one anotherBernoulli principle is fluid pressure in a place where the velocity is smaller than in a place where the speed is lower. So the greater the velocity of fluid in a pipe, the smaller the pressure and vice versa, the smaller the velocity of fluid in a pipe, the greater the pressure.

Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal stability of new borates Na3REB2O6 (RE = Pr, Sm, Eu)

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixun Wang ◽  
Hangkong Li ◽  
Gemei Cai ◽  
Zhanpeng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Monoclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Subsolidus Phase ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Subsolidus Phase Equilibrium ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
First Time

Subsolidus phase equilibrium of Na2O–Sm2O3–B2O3 system has been investigated mainly by solid-state reaction and powder X-ray diffraction method. There are nine definite three-phase regions and three ternary compounds determined under present experimental conditions. A novel compound Na3SmB2O6 was found and confirmed in this system, along with its two homogeneous compounds Na3REB2O6 (RE = Pr, Eu) synthesized for the first time. The indexing results showed that all three compounds crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c (No.14) with the same structure type as both Na3NdB2O6 and Na3GdB2O6. The lattice parameters (a, b, and c) of new borates Na3REB2O6 (RE = Pr, Sm, Eu) decrease linearly with a decreasing radius of RE ion, which obeys the Lanthanide-contraction rule. The existence of a trigonal BO3 group in the Na3REB2O6 (RE = Pr, Sm) compounds was confirmed by analysis of their infrared absorption spectra. Thermal stabilities of the three new borates have been investigated.

scholarly journals Zeolite NaP1 Functionalization for the Sorption of Metal Complexes with Biodegradable N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic Acid

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Dorota Kołodyńska ◽  
Yongming Ju ◽  
Małgorzata Franus ◽  
Wojciech Franus
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Modified Zeolite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slow Release Fertilizers ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

The possibility of application of chitosan-modified zeolite as sorbent for Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) ions and their mixtures in the presence of N-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-D,L-aspartic acid, IDHA) under different experimental conditions were investigated. Chitosan-modified zeolite belongs to the group of biodegradable complexing agents used in fertilizer production. NaP1CS as a carrier forms a barrier to the spontaneous release of the fertilizer into soil. The obtained materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); surface area determination (ASAP); scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS); X-ray fluorescence (XRF); X-ray diffraction (XRD); and carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen (CHN), as well as thermogravimetric (TGA) methods. The concentrations of Cu(II), Zn(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III) complexes with IDHA varied from 5–20 mg/dm3 for Cu(II), 10–40 mg/dm3 for Fe(III), 20–80 mg/dm3 for Mn(II), and 10–40 mg/dm3 for Zn(II), respectively; pH value (3–6), time (1–120 min), and temperature (293–333 K) on the sorption efficiency were tested. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin adsorption models were applied to describe experimental data. The pH 5 proved to be appropriate for adsorption. The pseudo-second order and Langmuir models were consistent with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters indicate that adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic. The highest desorption percentage was achieved using the HCl solution, therefore, proving that method can be used to design slow-release fertilizers.

scholarly journals Selective growth of Ti3+/TiO2/CNT and Ti3+/TiO2/C nanocomposite for enhanced visible-light utilization to degrade organic pollutants by lowering TiO2-bandgap

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeasmin Akter ◽  
Md. Abu Hanif ◽  
Md. Akherul Islam ◽  
Kamal Prasad Sapkota ◽  
Jae Ryang Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Wide Bandgap ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Excellent Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Convenient Route ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

AbstractA convenient route was developed for the selective preparation of two stable nanocomposites, Ti3+/TiO2/CNT (labeled as TTOC-1 and TTOC-3) and Ti3+/TiO2/carbon layer (labeled as TTOC-2), from the same precursor by varying the amount of single-walled carbon nanotubes used in the synthesis. TiO2 is an effective photocatalyst; however, its wide bandgap limits its usefulness to the UV region. As a solution to this problem, our prepared nanocomposites exhibit a small bandgap and wide visible-light (VL) absorption because of the introduction of carbonaceous species and Ti3+ vacancies. The photocatalytic efficiency of the nanocomposites was examined via the degradation of methylene blue dye under VL. Excellent photocatalytic activity of 83%, 98%, and 93% was observed for TTOC-1, TTOC-2, and TTOC-3 nanocomposites within 25 min. In addition, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of TTOC-2 toward methyl orange, phenol, rhodamine B, and congo red was 28%, 69%, 71%, and 91%, respectively, under similar experimental conditions after 25 min. Higher reusability and structural integrity of the as-synthesized photocatalyst were confirmed within five consecutive runs by photocatalytic test and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The resulting nanocomposites provide new insights into the development of VL-active and stable photocatalysts with high efficiencies.

scholarly journals Growth of sillenite Bi12FeO20 single crystals: structural, thermal, optical, photocatalytic features and first principle calculations

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durga Sankar Vavilapalli ◽  
Ambrose A. Melvin ◽  
F. Bellarmine ◽  
Ramanjaneyulu Mannam ◽  
Srihari Velaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
First Principle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Principle Calculations ◽  
Photodegradation Efficiency

AbstractIdeal sillenite type Bi12FeO20 (BFO) micron sized single crystals have been successfully grown via inexpensive hydrothermal method. The refined single crystal X-ray diffraction data reveals cubic Bi12FeO20 structure with single crystal parameters. Occurrence of rare Fe4+ state is identified via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The lattice parameter (a) and corresponding molar volume (Vm) of Bi12FeO20 have been measured in the temperature range of 30–700 °C by the X-ray diffraction method. The thermal expansion coefficient (α) 3.93 × 10–5 K−1 was calculated from the measured values of the parameters. Electronic structure and density of states are investigated by first principle calculations. Photoelectrochemical measurements on single crystals with bandgap of 2 eV reveal significant photo response. The photoactivity of as grown crystals were further investigated by degrading organic effluents such as Methylene blue (MB) and Congo red (CR) under natural sunlight. BFO showed photodegradation efficiency about 74.23% and 32.10% for degrading MB and CR respectively. Interesting morphology and microstructure of pointed spearhead like BFO crystals provide a new insight in designing and synthesizing multifunctional single crystals.

scholarly journals Study of Corrosion Resistance and Degradation Mechanisms in LiTiO2-Li2TiO3 Ceramic

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 753
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Shlimas ◽  
Artem L. Kozlovskiy ◽  
Maxim Zdorovets
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Mechanism ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Thermal Sintering

The interest in lithium-containing ceramics is due to their huge potential as blanket materials for thermonuclear reactors for the accumulation of tritium. However, an important factor in their use is the preservation of the stability of their strength and structural properties when under the influence of external factors that determine the time frame of their operation. This paper presents the results of a study that investigated the influence of the LiTiO2 phase on the increasing resistance to degradation and corrosion of Li2TiO3 ceramic when exposed to aggressive acidic media. Using the X-ray diffraction method, it was found that an increase in the concentration of LiClO4·3H2O during synthesis leads to the formation of a cubic LiTiO2 phase in the structure as a result of thermal sintering of the samples. During corrosion tests, it was found that the presence of the LiTiO2 phase leads to a decrease in the degradation rate in acidic media by 20–70%, depending on the concentration of the phase. At the same time, and in contrast to the samples of Li2TiO3 ceramics, for which the mechanisms of degradation during a long stay in aggressive media are accompanied by large mass losses, for the samples containing the LiTiO2 phase, the main degradation mechanism is pitting corrosion with the formation of pitting inclusions.

Study of the quality of GaAs thin film on Si substrate by X-ray diffraction method

1990 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 308-311
Author(s):  
Li Chaorong ◽  
Mai Zhenhong ◽  
Cui Shufan ◽  
Zhou Junming ◽  
Yutian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
X Ray

A Method for Evaluating Intensity of Water Cavitation Peening Processing

2011 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 747-750
Author(s):  
B. Han ◽  
Dong Ying Ju ◽  
Xiao Guang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Process Capability ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Bubble Collapse ◽  
Plastic Layer ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
The Impact

Water cavitation peening (WCP) with aeration, namely, a new ventilation nozzle with aeration is adopted to improve the process capability of WCP by increasing the impact pressure induced by the bubble collapse on the surface of components. In this study, in order to investigate the process capability of the WCP with aeration a standard N-type almen strips of spring steel SAE 1070 was treated byWCP with various process conditions, and the arc height value and the residual stress in the superficial layers were measured by means of the Almen-scale and X-ray diffraction method, respectively. The optimal fluxes of aeration and the optimal standoff distances were achieved. The maximum of arc height value reach around 150μm. The depth of plastic layer observed from the results of residual stresses is up to 150μm. The results verify the existence of macro-plastic strain in WCP processing. The distributions of residual stress in near-surface under different peening intensity can provide a reference for engineers to decide the optimal process conditions of WCP processing.

A New X‐Ray Diffraction Method for Studying Imperfections of Crystal Structure in Polycrystalline Specimens

1951 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 665-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred J. Reis ◽  
Jerome J. Slade ◽  
Sigmund Weissmann
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray
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