General Mental Ability and Decision-Making Competence: Theoretically Distinct but Empirically Redundant

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Blacksmith ◽  
Tara S. Behrend ◽  
Reeshad S. Dalal ◽  
Theodore L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Competence Assessment ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Potential Utility ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Decision Making Behavior

Decision-making competence (DMC) has potential utility in incrementally predicting decision-making behavior relative to general mental ability (g). However, prior research presents an incomplete depiction of the degree to which these two constructs overlap. This paper evaluated both theoretical and empirical discriminant validity evidence for DMC. Theoretically, DMC and g are distinct constructs though highly interconnected; both constructs exist within the intelligence nomological network. However, empirical findings demonstrate scores on the Adult-Decision Making Competence assessment, are largely indistinguishable from g. Future research should treat DMC an acquired skill as opposed to an underlying individual difference.

scholarly journals How Do We Assess Patient Skills in a Competence-Based Program? Assessment of Patient Competences Using the Spanish Version of the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire and Real Practical Cases in Women with Pelvic Floor Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2377
Author(s):  
Beatriz Sánchez-Sánchez ◽  
Beatriz Arranz-Martín ◽  
Beatriz Navarro-Brazález ◽  
Fernando Vergara-Pérez ◽  
Javier Bailón-Cerezo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Pelvic Floor Disorders ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Competence Assessment ◽  
Knowledge Questionnaire

Therapeutic patient education programs must assess the competences that patients achieve. Evaluation in the pedagogical domain ensures that learning has taken place among patients. The Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) is a tool for assessing patient knowledge about urinary (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) conditions. The aim of this study was to translate the Prolapse and Incontinence Knowledge Questionnaire (PIKQ) into Spanish and test its measurement properties, as well as propose real practical cases as a competence assessment tool. The cross-cultural adaptation was conducted by a standardized translation/back-translation method. Measurement properties analysis was performed by assessing the validity, reliability, responsiveness, and interpretability. A total of 275 women were recruited. The discriminant validity showed statistically significant differences in the PIKQ scores between patients and expert groups. Cronbach’s alpha revealed good internal consistency. The test–retest reliability showed excellent correlation with UI and POP scales. Regarding responsiveness, the effect size, and standardized response mean demonstrated excellent values. No floor or ceiling effects were shown. In addition, three “real practical cases” evaluating skills in identifying and analyzing, decision making, and problem-solving were developed and tested. The Spanish PIKQ is a comprehensible, valid, reliable, and responsive tool for the Spanish population. Real practical cases are useful competence assessment tools that are well accepted by women with pelvic floor disorders (PFD), improving their understanding and their decision-making regarding PFD.

A Theory of Sex Differences in Technical Aptitude and Some Supporting Evidence

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Job Performance ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Aptitude Tests ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Technical Aptitude

In this article, I present a theory that explains the origin of sex differences in technical aptitudes. The theory takes as proven that there are no sex differences in general mental ability (GMA), and it postulates that sex differences in technical aptitude (TA) stem from differences in experience in technical areas, which is in turn based on sex differences in technical interests. Using a large data set, I tested and found support for four predictions made by this theory: (a) the construct level correlation between technical aptitude and GMA is larger for females than males, (b) the observed and true score variability of technical aptitude is greater among males than females, (c) at every level of GMA females have lower levels of technical aptitude, and (d) technical aptitude measures used as estimates of GMA for decision purposes would result in underestimation of GMA levels for girls and women. Given that GMA carries the weight of prediction of job performance, the support found for this last prediction suggests that, for many jobs, technical aptitude tests may underpredict the job performance of female applicants and employees. Future research should examine this question.

Specific Cognitive Abilities at Work

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krumm ◽  
Lothar Schmidt-Atzert ◽  
Anastasiya A. Lipnevich
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities

Recent findings suggest that the role of specific cognitive abilities in predicting work-related criteria may be critical and may add to the widely demonstrated importance of general mental ability. To summarize and organize these findings, the current paper puts forward two perspectives on the role of specific cognitive abilities in predicting work-related outcomes. Similarities and discrepancies of these perspectives are outlined together with suggestions for boundary conditions of the dominance of general versus specific cognitive abilities. Finally, avenues for future research within and across the two perspectives are discussed.

General mental ability and decision-making competence: Theoretically distinct but empirically redundant

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Blacksmith ◽  
Tara S. Behrend ◽  
Reeshad S. Dalal ◽  
Theodore L. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
General Mental Ability

Online Shopping Decision Behavior under Chinese Scene: Retrospect and Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 3858-3861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Decision Behavior ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Decision Making Behavior

Online shopping as a new consumption pattern has been widely recognized . Therefore, the research on the decision-making behavior of online shopping provides a certain reference significance for the development of e-commerce and other relevant industries. This study from the research topic, scope and methods were compared with classical theory and previous research results. Aiming to explore the future trends of the research in this field, this study will propose future research prospects of online shopping decision-making behavior.

Development and Validation of the Political Skill Inventory

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald R. Ferris ◽  
Darren C. Treadway ◽  
Robert W. Kolodinsky ◽  
Wayne A. Hochwarter ◽  
Charles J. Kacmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Political Skill ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Political Skill Inventory

The present research was developed to examine the conceptualization and measurement of the political skill construct and to provide validation evidence for the Political Skill Inventory (PSI). The results of three investigations, involving seven samples, are reported that demonstrate consistency of the factor structure across studies, construct validity, and criterion-related validity of the PSI. As hypothesized, political skill was positively related to self-monitoring, political savvy, and emotional intelligence; negatively related to trait anxiety; and not correlated with general mental ability. Also, the PSI predicted performance ratings of managers in two samples. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are provided.

Development and Construct Validation of the German Workplace Trust Survey (G-WTS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Workplace Trust

In research on trust in the organizational context, there is some agreement evolving that trust should be measured with respect to various foci. The Workplace Trust Survey (WTS) by Ferres (2002) provides reliable assessment of coworker, supervisor, and organizational trust. By means of a functionally equivalent translation, we developed a German version of the questionnaire (G-WTS) comprising 21 items. A total of 427 employees were surveyed with the G-WTS and questionnaires concerning several work-related attitudes and behaviors and 92 of these completed the survey twice. The hypothesized three-dimensional conceptualization of organizational trust was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The G-WTS showed good internal consistency and retest reliability values. Concerning convergent validity, all of the three G-WTS dimensions positively predicted job satisfaction. In terms of discriminant validity, Coworker Trust enhanced group cohesion; Supervisor Trust fostered innovative behavior, while Organizational Trust was associated with affective commitment. Theoretical and practical contributions as well as opportunities for future research with the G-WTS are discussed.

Development of the Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pedro Sobral ◽  
Maria Emília Costa
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fear Of Intimacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract. We developed a new instrument designed to measure fear of intimacy in romantic relationships. We suggest assessing fear of intimacy through two dimensions: self-revelation and dependence. The Fear of Intimacy Components Questionnaire (FICQ) was validated across three studies in which a 10-item solution systematically emerged. Consistently with a two component perspective, a two-factor solution fitted data the best: fear of losing the self (FLS) and fear of losing the other (FLO). Qualitative analyses verified content validity. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses tested the factor structure. Multigroup analyses supported the structural invariance across gender, age, and relationship status. Both factors showed adequate discriminant validity and internal consistency, and good 3-week period test-retest reliability. Associations between the FICQ and insecure attachment orientations demonstrated convergent validity. The association between the FICQ and relationship satisfaction above and beyond a preexisting measure offered criterion validity. By going beyond traditional self-revelation-focused conception of fear of intimacy, that is, by proposing a bi-dimensional structure to fear of intimacy, we believe that this new measure will contribute to future research on fear of intimacy.

The Validity of Specific Cognitive Abilities for the Prediction of Training Success in Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Goertz ◽  
Ute R. Hülsheger ◽  
Günter W. Maier
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Occupational Category ◽  
General Mental Ability ◽  
Training Success ◽  
Specific Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Better Than

General mental ability (GMA) has long been considered one of the best predictors of training success and considerably better than specific cognitive abilities (SCAs). Recently, however, researchers have provided evidence that SCAs may be of similar importance for training success, a finding supporting personnel selection based on job-related requirements. The present meta-analysis therefore seeks to assess validities of SCAs for training success in various occupations in a sample of German primary studies. Our meta-analysis (k = 72) revealed operational validities between ρ = .18 and ρ = .26 for different SCAs. Furthermore, results varied by occupational category, supporting a job-specific benefit of SCAs.

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