scholarly journals Quantifying Social Semantics: An Inclusive Definition of Socialness and Ratings for 8,388 English Words

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Diveica ◽  
Penny M. Pexman ◽  
Richard J. Binney
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Multiple Representation ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Advance Theory ◽  
Social Semantics

It has been proposed that social experience plays an important role in the grounding of concepts, and socialness has been proffered as a fundamental organisational principle underpinning semantic representation in the human brain. However, the empirical support for these hypotheses is limited by inconsistencies in the way socialness has been defined and measured. To further advance theory, the field must establish a clearer working definition, and research efforts could be facilitated by the availability of an extensive set of socialness ratings for individual concepts. Therefore, in the current work we employed a novel and inclusive definition to test the extent to which socialness is reliably perceived as a broad construct, and we report socialness norms for over 8,000 English words, including nouns, verbs and adjectives. Our inclusive socialness measure shows good reliability and validity, and our analyses suggest that the socialness ratings capture aspects of word meaning which are distinct to those measured by other pertinent semantic constructs, including concreteness and emotional valence. Finally, in a series of regression analyses, we show for the first time that the socialness of a word's meaning explains unique variance in participant performance on lexical tasks. Our dataset of socialness norms has considerable item overlap with those used both in other lexical/semantic norms and in available behavioural mega-studies. They can help target testable predictions about brain and behaviour derived from multiple representation theories and neurobiological accounts of social semantics.

Psychometric Parameters of the Spanish Version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS)1

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Joaquin Tomás-Sabádo ◽  
Juana Gómez-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Kuwait University ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
Cross Language ◽  
Language Equivalence

Summary: To construct a Spanish version of the Kuwait University Anxiety Scale (S-KUAS), the Arabic and English versions of the KUAS have been separately translated into Spanish. To check the comparability in terms of meaning, the two Spanish preliminary translations were thoroughly scrutinized vis-à-vis both the Arabic and English forms by several experts. Bilingual subjects served to explore the cross-language equivalence of the English and Spanish versions of the KUAS. The correlation between the total scores on both versions was .93, and the t value was .30 (n.s.), denoting good similarity. The Alphas and 4-week test-retest reliabilities were greater than .84, while the criterion-related validity was .70 against scores on the trait subscale of the STAI. These findings denote good reliability and validity of the S-KUAS. Factor analysis yielded three high-loaded factors of Behavioral/Subjective, Cognitive/Affective, and Somatic Anxiety, equivalent to the original Arabic version. Female (n = 210) undergraduates attained significantly higher mean scores than their male (n = 102) counterparts. For the combined group of males and females, the correlation between the total score on the S-KUAS and age was -.17 (p < .01). By and large, the findings of the present study provide evidence of the utility of the S-KUAS in assessing trait anxiety levels in the Spanish undergraduate context.

scholarly journals Family reported outcomes, an unmet need in the management of a patient's disease: appraisal of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shah ◽  
F. M. Ali ◽  
A. Y. Finlay ◽  
M. S. Salek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Family Quality Of Life ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background A person’s chronic health condition or disability can have a huge impact on the quality of life (QoL) of the whole family, but this important impact is often ignored. This literature review aims to understand the impact of patients' disease on family members across all medical specialities, and appraise existing generic and disease-specific family quality of life (QoL) measures. Methods The databases Medline, EMBASE, CINHAL, ASSIA, PsycINFO and Scopus were searched for original articles in English measuring the impact of health conditions on patients' family members/partner using a valid instrument. Results Of 114 articles screened, 86 met the inclusion criteria. They explored the impact of a relative's disease on 14,661 family members, mostly 'parents' or 'mothers', using 50 different instruments across 18 specialities including neurology, oncology and dermatology, in 33 countries including the USA, China and Australia. These studies revealed a huge impact of patients' illness on family members. An appraisal of family QoL instruments identified 48 instruments, 42 disease/speciality specific and six generic measures. Five of the six generics are aimed at carers of children, people with disability or restricted to chronic disease. The only generic instrument that measures the impact of any condition on family members across all specialities is the Family Reported Outcome Measure (FROM-16). Although most instruments demonstrated good reliability and validity, only 11 reported responsiveness and only one reported the minimal clinically important difference. Conclusions Family members' QoL is greatly impacted by a relative's condition. To support family members, there is a need for a generic tool that offers flexibility and brevity for use in clinical settings across all areas of medicine. FROM-16 could be the tool of choice, provided its robustness is demonstrated with further validation of its psychometric properties.

A Resource Model of Team Resilience Capacity and Learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 105960112110180
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Brykman ◽  
Danielle D. King
Keyword(s):  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Team Learning ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Learning Behaviors ◽  
Team Resilience ◽  
Advance Theory ◽  
Resilience Capacity

A team’s capacity to bounce back from adversities or setbacks (i.e., team resilience capacity) is increasingly valuable in today’s complex business environment. To enhance our understanding of the antecedents and consequences of team resilience capacity, we develop and empirically test a resource-based model that delineates critical team inputs and outputs of resilience capacity. Drawing from conservation of resources theory, we propose that voice climate is a critical resource that builds team resilience capacity by encouraging intrateam communication and that leader learning goal orientation (LGO) amplifies this relationship by orienting team discourse toward understanding and growing from challenges. In turn, we propose that team resilience capacity is positively related to team learning behaviors, as teams with a higher resilience capacity are well-positioned to invest their resources into learning activities, and that team information elaboration amplifies this relationship by facilitating resource exchange. Results of a time-lagged, multisource field study involving 48 teams from five Canadian technology start-ups supported this moderated-mediated model. Specifically, voice climate was positively related to team resilience capacity, with leader LGO amplifying this effect. Further, team resilience capacity was positively related to team learning behaviors, with information elaboration amplifying this effect. Altogether, we advance theory and practice on team resilience by offering empirical support on what builds team resilience capacity (voice climate) and what teams with a high resilience capacity do (learning), along with the conditions under which these relationships are enhanced (higher leader LGO and team information elaboration).

The Psychometric Properties of the Measure of Adolescent Relationship Harassment and Abuse (MARSHA) With a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052098548
Author(s):  
Emily F. Rothman ◽  
Carlos A. Cuevas ◽  
Elizabeth A. Mumford ◽  
Eva Bahrami ◽  
Bruce G. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Adolescent Dating ◽  
Dating Abuse ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Adolescent Relationship

This article describes a new instrument that assesses adolescent dating abuse (ADA) victimization and perpetration. The Measure of Adolescent Relationship Harassment and Abuse (MARSHA) is a comprehensive instrument that includes items on physical, sexual, and psychological ADA, as well as cyber dating abuse, social control, and invasion of privacy. Data for this study came from a population-based, nationally representative sample of adolescents ages 11 to 21 years old ( N = 1,257). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for the victimization and perpetration versions of the MARSHA, and convergent and divergent validity were assessed using the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) and the juvenile victimization questionnaire (JVQ), respectively. Results suggest that the MARSHA has good reliability and validity, and that each subscale had good internal consistency. The authors propose that the MARSHA may be a strong alternative to the CADRI or the conflict tactics scale (CTS) because it reflects contemporary forms of abuse, such as online harassment and pressure to send nude selfies, and the nonconsensual dissemination of sexually explicit images.

scholarly journals The reliability and validity of a screening scale for online gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents and young adults

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuechan Lyu ◽  
Tianzhen Chen ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Chenyi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Online Gaming ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Gaming Disorder ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Screening Scale

Abstract Background In recent years, there have been frequent reports of gaming disorder in China, with more focus on young people. We developed and psychometrically tested a Gaming Disorder screening scale (i.e., Gaming Disorder Screening Scale - GDSS) for Chinese adolescents and young adults, based on the existing scales and diagnostic criteria, but also considering the development status of China. Methods For testing content and criterion validity, 1747 participants competed the GDSS and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). After 15 days, 400 participants were retested with the scales for to assess test-retest reliability. Besides, 200 game players were interviewed for a diagnosis of gaming disorder. Results The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient on the GDSS was 0.93. The test-retest coefficient of 0.79. Principal components analysis identified three factors accounting for 62.4% of the variance; behavior, functioning, cognition and emotion. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good model fit to the data (χ2 /df = 5.581; RMSEA =0.074; TLI = 0.916, CFI = 0.928). The overall model fit was significantly good in the measurement invariance tested across genders and different age groups. Based on the clinical interview, the screening cut-off point was determined to be ≥47 (sensitivity 41.4%, specificity 82.3%). Conclusions The GDSS demonstrated good reliability and validity aspects for screening online gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents and young adults.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Smartphone Addiction Scale for Children- Parent Version (SASC-P)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopi Rajendhiran ◽  
Vikhram Ramasubramanian ◽  
P Bijulakshmi ◽  
S Mathumathi ◽  
M Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Smartphone Use

Introduction: The use of smartphone among children and adolescents has been increasing steadily over the past decade and is becoming a cause of concern for parents and healthcare professionals alike. Excessive use of smartphone could make a child vulnerable to develop addictive behaviour leading to decrease in academic performance and impairments in social and personal environment. Early identification is key to addressing this issue and although there are scales to measure smartphone addiction in adults, there are no scales to measure smartphone use in children objectively. Aim: To construct a smartphone addiction scale for children that can be administered to parents. Materials and Methods: A set of statements were created to assess smartphone addiction in children. Initially, 43 statements were selected after identifying its content validity and face validity and the scale was administered to parents of children in the age group of 3-17 years after obtaining informed consent from the parents. The construct validity was examined by the exploratory factor analysis. The screen plot of ordered eigen values of a correlation matrix was used to decide the appropriate number of factors extracted. A factor loading of >0.30 was used to determine the items for each factor. Intra-class correlations were calculated for the test-retest reliability, and Cronbach's alpha was calculated for the internal consistency. The final questionnaire contained 24 statements across six subdomains of smartphone addiction and it was administered to a small sample group of 65 parents of children aged 3-17 years and the data was used to test for reliability and validity of the scale. Results: Alpha correlation for the Smartphone Addiction Scale for Children-Parent (SASC-P) ranged from 0.670 to 0.823. The intrinsic validity for the domains was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha and it ranged from 0.819 to 0.907 for the domains and was 0.972 for the whole questionnaire. Thus the scale was found to be reliable and valid for use in children and adolescents. Conclusion: The SASC-P has good reliability and validity and can be used to measure smartphone use in children and adolescent.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Chinese version of a Short Form of the Family Health Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Wang ◽  
Yunchou Wu ◽  
Xiaonan Sun ◽  
Dong Wang ◽  
Weijie Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Multistage Sampling

Abstract Objective To translate a Short Form of the Family Health Scale (FHS-SF) and to test the reliability and Validity of the Chinese version of the FHS-SF. Method A Short Form of the Family Health Scale was Chinese translated with the consent of the original author. A total of 8912 residents were surveyed in 120 cities across China using a multistage sampling method, with gender, ethnicity, and education level as quota variables. 750 participants were selected to participate in this study, and 44 participants were randomly selected to be retested one month later. Result The Cronbach’s alpha of the Chinese version of a Short Form the Family Health Scale was 0.83,the Cronbach’s alphas of the four subscales ranged from 0.70 to 0.90, the retest reliability of the scale was 0.75, the standardized factor loadings of the validation factor analysis were above 0.50, GFI = 0.98; NFI = 0.97; RFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.07, all within acceptable limits. Conclusion The Chinese version of a Short Form the Family Health Scale has good reliability and validity and can be used to assess the level of family health of Chinese residents.

scholarly journals The Harris Hip Score

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALIAA Khaja ◽  
Owayed AL-Mutairi ◽  
abdulaziz Alkhudair ◽  
Awdhah Abdulkarim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Harris Hip Score ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Pain Subscale

Abstract Background The Harris Hip Score (HHS) is a widely used Patient-Related Outcomes score. It measures pain and function levels in patients with hip pathologies. Objectives The main objective of this study is to translate and culturally adapt the HHS into Arabic, and to further assess the reliability and validity of translated version Material & Methods 110 patients participated in this survey. The internal consistency tests were performed using Cronbach’s alpha. Test-retest reliability (intra-correlation coefficient), convergent construct validity, convergent validity, floor & ceiling effects and responsiveness was also calculated. In order to measure the level of agreement, Bland-Altman Plot, forest Plots are performed. Results Test reliability for the first testing situation - calculated using Cronbach's alpha - was 0.98 for the pain subscale, 0.98 for the stiffness, and 0.99 for the physical function subscale. For the second testing, reliability was 0.99, 0.97, and 0.99 (pain, stiffness, and physical function, respectively). This only proves that WOMAC is an instrument with good reliability. Same calculation of Cronbach’s alpha was essential to testing the reliability of the Harris Hip Score. For each of the three testing occasions the reliability was very good or excellent – α 1 = 0.92, α 2 = 0.91, and α 3 = 0.90. Intra-class correlation coefficient was good with the score of 0.76 (95% CI 0.44-0.88). Conclusion Overall, Arabic version of HOOS could be used as diagnostic tool for patients with hip problems, when it comes to information about the overall condition of the patient, especially about the improvement or deterioration, however, it is important to be cautious using HHS when the change magnitude of patient’s condition is investigated, since there is a potential probability that the level of improvement of the patient’s condition will be overestimated by HHS.

scholarly journals Clinical assessment of balance using BBS and SARAbal in cerebellar ataxia: Synthesis of findings of a psychometric property analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley John Winser ◽  
Catherine M Smith ◽  
Leigh A Hale ◽  
Leica S Claydon ◽  
Susan L Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebellar Ataxia ◽  
Psychometric Property ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Psychometric Analysis ◽  
Balance Assessment ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Set

Background: In the previous psychometric analysis paper in our series for identifying the core set of balance measures for the assessment of balance, we recommended the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and balance sub-components of the Scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia (SARAbal) as psychometrically sound measures of balance for people with cerebellar ataxia (CA) secondary to multiple sclerosis. Objective: The present study further examined the suitability of BBS and SARAbal for the assessment of balance in CA with regard to psychometric property strength, appropriateness, interpretability, precision, acceptability and feasibility. Methods: Criteria to fulfill each factor was defined according to the framework of Fitzpatrick et al. (1998). Based on the findings of our previous psychometric analysis, each criterion was further analyzed. Results: The psychometric analysis reported good reliability and validity estimates for the BBS and SARAbal recommending them as psychometrically sound measures; they fulfilled both criteria for appropriateness and interpretability, the measures showed evidence for precision and acceptability, and they were found to be feasible in terms of the time and cost involved for the balance assessment. Conclusion: We have provided evidence for the use of the BBS and SARAbal for the assessment of balance among people with CA.

Validation of the College Planning Behaviors Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 2156759X2110538
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Cook ◽  
Erin E. Hardin ◽  
Melinda M. Gibbons ◽  
Marlon C. Johnson ◽  
Christina Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Outcome Expectations ◽  
School Students ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
College Planning ◽  
College Going

College preparation is an important topic in the educational attainment of high school students. Much of the research on college planning focuses on the importance and timing of preparing for postsecondary education; however, little research has explored the steps students actually take while preparing for college. The current study utilized the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) framework to create a validated measure to assess choice behavior. The purpose of the current study was to create a validated measure for choice actions that could be used with diverse student groups. The measure was found to demonstrate good reliability and validity in this population, providing strong internal consistency and construct validity. Further, these findings support college-planning behaviors’ linkage to barriers, college-going self-efficacy, and college outcome expectations (COE).

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