scholarly journals Same or different? A multi-method review on the relationships between processes underlying executive control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica N. Toba ◽  
Tal Seidel Malkinson ◽  
Henrietta Howells ◽  
Melissa Ann Mackie ◽  
Alfredo Spagna
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Behavioral Expression ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach

Attention, working memory, and executive control are commonly considered distinct cognitive functions with important reciprocal interactions. Lesion studies pioneered by Donald Stuss have demonstrated both overlap and dissociation in their behavioral expression and anatomical underpinnings. Here, we provide an overview of cognitive models as well as recent data from lesion studies and both invasive and noninvasive multimodal neuroimaging and brain stimulation, in order to provide an updated perspective on the relationship between attention, working memory, and executive control. Specifically, we address the functional and anatomical correspondence between these processes, toward the goal of identifying whether a lower dimensional theoretical framework should be employed to understand executive control (Karolis et al., 2019). We conclude by emphasizing that one avenue for moving the field, pioneered by Donald Stuss, forward consists of studying this low-dimensional space with a multi-method approach to identify converging evidence regarding the interaction between subfunctions, allowing to construct a model of executive control as the emergent consequence of efficient implementation of these processes.

Unveiling the relationship between drivers and capabilities for reduced time-to-market in start-ups: A multi-method approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 108018
Author(s):  
Renata de Oliveira Mota ◽  
Moacir Godinho Filho ◽  
Lauro Osiro ◽  
Gilberto Miller Devós Ganga ◽  
Glauco Henrique de Sousa Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Time To Market ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Reduced Time

scholarly journals Charlie Hebdo, 2015: ‘Liveness’ and acceleration of conflict in a hybrid media event

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Sumiala ◽  
Minttu Tikka ◽  
Katja Valaskivi
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Media Events ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Method Approach ◽  
Media Event ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

In this article, the authors examine the intensification of liveness and its effects in the Charlie Hebdo attacks that took place in Paris in January 2015. In their investigation they first re-visit the existing theoretical literature on media, event and time, and discuss in particular the relationship between media events and the idea of liveness. They then move on to the empirical analysis of the Charlie Hebdo attacks and demonstrate the aspects of intensified liveness in the circulation of selected tweets. The analysis is based on a multi-method approach developed for the empirical study of hybrid media events. In conclusion, the authors argue that the liveness, experienced and carried out simultaneously on multiple platforms, favours stereotypical and immediate interpretations when it comes to making sense of the incidents unfolding before the eyes of global audiences. In this condition, incidents are interpreted ‘en direct’, but within the framework of older mnemonic schemes and mythologization of certain positions (e.g. victims, villains, heroes) in the narrative. This condition, they claim, further accelerates the conflict between the different participants that took part in the event.

scholarly journals Binary Linear Compression for Multi-label Classification

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Ji Zhou ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Min-Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Linear Mapping ◽  
Regression Problem ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lower Dimensional Space ◽  
Lower Dimensional ◽  
Linear Compression

In multi-label classification tasks, labels are commonly related with each other. It has been well recognized that utilizing label relationship is essential to multi-label learning. One way to utilizing label relationship is to map labels to a lower-dimensional space of uncorrelated labels, where the relationship could be encoded in the mapping. Previous linear mapping methods commonly result in regression subproblems in the lower-dimensional label space. In this paper, we disclose that mappings to a low-dimensional multi-label regression problem can be worse than mapping to a classification problem, since regression requires more complex model than classification. We then propose the binary linear compression (BILC) method that results in a binary label space, leading to classification subproblems. Experiments on several multi-label datasets show that, employing classification in the embedded space results in much simpler models than regression, leading to smaller structure risk. The proposed methods are also shown to be superior to some state-of-the-art approaches.

Deep context interaction network based on attention mechanism for click-through rate prediction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Ling Yuan ◽  
Zhuwen Pan ◽  
Ping Sun ◽  
Yinzhen Wei ◽  
Haiping Yu
Keyword(s):  
Online Advertising ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
High Order ◽  
Attention Mechanism ◽  
Feature Interaction ◽  
Feature Interactions ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Click Through Rate ◽  
The Relationship

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction, which aims to predict the probability of a user clicking on an ad, is a critical task in online advertising systems. The problem is very challenging since(1) an effective prediction relies on high-order combinatorial features, and(2)the relationship to auxiliary ads that may impact the CTR. In this paper, we propose Deep Context Interaction Network on Attention Mechanism(DCIN-Attention) to process feature interaction and context at the same time. The context includes other ads in the current search page, historically clicked and unclicked ads of the user. Specifically, we use the attention mechanism to learn the interactions between the target ad and each type of auxiliary ad. The residual network is used to model the feature interactions in the low-dimensional space, and with the multi-head self-attention neural network, high-order feature interactions can be modeled. Experimental results on Avito dataset show that DCIN outperform several existing methods for CTR prediction.

scholarly journals Speech-in-noise intelligibility difficulties with age: the role of cochlear synaptopathy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Garrett ◽  
Viacheslav Vasilkov ◽  
Manfred Mauermann ◽  
John L. Wilson ◽  
Kenneth S. Henry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Outer Hair Cell ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fiber ◽  
Hearing Sensitivity ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach

AbstractDamage to auditory-nerve-fiber synapses (i.e. cochlear synaptopathy) degrades the neural coding of sound and is predicted to impair sound perception in noisy listening environments. However, establishing a causal relationship between synaptopathy and speech intelligibility is difficult because we have no direct access to synapse counts in humans. Hence, we rely on the quality of noninvasive auditory-evoked potential (AEP) markers developed in rodent studies of histologically-verified synaptopathy. However, there are a number of reasons which render the interpretation of these markers in humans difficult. To bridge this translational gap, we apply a multi-method approach to enable a meaningful interpretation of the relationship between the histopathology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and speech perception. We first selected a synaptopathy-sensitive AEP marker and verified its sensitivity (i) in an animal model using a Kainic-acid induced synaptopathy, and (ii), via auditory model simulations which connect the histopathology of SNHL to the source generators of AEPs. Secondly, we restricted the frequency content of the speech-material to ensure that both AEP and speech metrics targeted similar cochlear frequency regions and associated auditory coding mechanisms. Following this approach, we studied the relative contribution of AEP markers of synaptopathy and hearing sensitivity to speech recognition thresholds in 44 listeners (24 women) of different ages and SNHL profiles. Our analysis shows that synaptopathy plays an important role for speech intelligibility in noise, but that outer-hair-cell integrity predicts performance in the absence of noise. Our results corroborate conclusions from animal studies regarding the prevalence of age-related synaptopathy, and its occurrence before outer-hair-cell loss damage.Significance StatementTemporal-bone histology demonstrates that cochlear synaptopathy, i.e. damage to inner-hair-cell auditory-nerve fiber synapses, sets in before sensory cell damage and associated hearing threshold elevation. Clinical practice assesses hearing status on the basis of audiometric thresholds, and is hence overlooking a -likely prevalent-aspect of sensorineural hearing damage given that ageing, noise exposure or ototoxic drugs can cause synaptopathy. We present a multi-method approach to study the relationship between synaptopathy and speech intelligibility and address an important unresolved issue in hearing science, namely why speech-intelligibility-in-noise degrades as we age, even when hearing sensitivity remains normal. Our study outcomes have important implications for hearing diagnostics and treatment.

scholarly journals Exploring the relationship between anthropomorphism and Theory-of-Mind in brain and behaviour

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruud Hortensius ◽  
Michaela Kent ◽  
Kohinoor Monish Darda ◽  
Laura Elizabeth Jastrzab ◽  
Kami Koldewyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Exploratory Experiment ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach

The process of understanding the minds of other people, such as their emotions and intentions, is mimicked when individuals try to understand an artificial mind. The assumption is that anthropomorphism, attributing human-like characteristics to non-human agents and objects, is an analogue to Theory-of-Mind, the ability to infer mental states of other people. Here, we test to what extent these two constructs formally overlap. Specifically, using a multi-method approach, we test if and how anthropomorphism is related to Theory-of-Mind using brain (Experiment 1) and behavioural (Experiment 2) measures. In a first exploratory experiment, we examine the relationship between dispositional anthropomorphism and activity within the Theory-of-Mind brain network (n = 108). Results from a Bayesian regression analysis showed no consistent relationship between dispositional anthropomorphism and activity in regions of the Theory-of-Mind network. In a follow-up, pre-registered experiment, we explored the relationship between Theory-of-Mind and situational and dispositional anthropomorphism in more depth. Participants (n = 311) watched a short movie while simultaneously completing situational anthropomorphism and Theory-of-Mind ratings, as well as measures of dispositional anthropomorphism and general Theory-of-Mind. Only situational anthropomorphism predicted the ability to understand and predict the behaviour of the film’s characters. No relationship between situational or dispositional anthropomorphism and general Theory-of-Mind was observed. Together, these results suggest that while anthropomorphism and Theory-of-Mind might share some overlap in certain situations, they are separate and possibly unrelated at the personality level. These findings point to a possible dissociation between brain and behavioural measures when considering the relationship between Theory-of-Mind and anthropomorphism.

A Multi-Trait Multi-Method Evaluation of Creativity and Openness

1984 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Parsons ◽  
Bennett I. Tittler ◽  
Valerie J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Method Evaluation ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Method Approach

This study examined the relationship between creativity and openness. Two elaborative and two evaluative measures were administered to 56 undergraduates. A multi-trait multi-method approach was used to analyze Pearson correlations among all measures. Significant correlations were based on the commonality of method rather than trait. It was suggested that creativity and openness were best explained in terms of a typology rather than as unidimensional traits.

scholarly journals Representative Group Styles: How Ally Immigrant Rights Organizations Promote Immigrant Involvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Yukich ◽  
Brad R Fulton ◽  
Richard L Wood
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Immigrant Rights ◽  
Social Composition ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
Multi Method Approach ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Approach

AbstractWhy are some organizations more successful than others at involving socially diverse groups of people? Previous research emphasizes the role representative leaders play in recruiting diverse constituencies. This study extends that research by analyzing how an organization’s group style—its customs that shape everyday interactions—influences constituent involvement by either bridging or reinforcing social divides. Our multi-method approach examines ally immigrant rights organizations to assess the relationship between their group styles and their ability to involve immigrants. Ethnographic data reveal that divergent levels of immigrant involvement in two organizations can be explained by differences in the organizations’ group styles—specifically, differences in their religious, class-based, and linguistic practices. Original survey data from a national sample of ally organizations demonstrate the generalizability of our findings. Our analysis shows how having an immigrant-friendly group style can promote immigrant involvement, indicating that an organization’s style is associated with its social composition. Having representative leaders from immigrant groups, though positively associated with immigrant involvement, is insufficient for sustaining immigrant involvement; group style can moderate the effect of having representative leaders. This research suggests that organizations seeking to recruit and retain a diverse social base could benefit from cultivating a representative group style.

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