scholarly journals Collective rhythm as an emergent property during human social coordination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arodi Farrera ◽  
Gabriel Ramos-Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Interpersonal Coordination ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sociocultural Processes ◽  
The Individual

The literature on social interactions has shown that participants coordinate not only at the behavioral but also at the physiological and neural levels, and that this coordination gives a temporal structure to the individual and to the social dynamics. However, it has not been fully explored whether such temporal patterns emerge during interpersonal coordination beyond dyads, whether this phenomenon arises from complex cognitive mechanisms or from relatively simple rules of behavior, or the sociocultural processes that underlie this phenomenon. We review the evidence for the existence of group-level rhythmic patterns that result from social interactions and argue that, by imposing a temporal structure at the individual and interaction levels, interpersonal coordination in groups leads to temporal regularities that cannot be predicted from the individual periodicities: a collective rhythm. Moreover, we use this interpretation of the literature to discuss how taking into account the sociocultural niche in which individuals develop can help explain the seemingly divergent results that have been reported on the social influences and consequences of interpersonal coordination. We make recommendations on further research to test these arguments and their relationship to the feeling of belonging and assimilation experienced during group dynamics.

scholarly journals Unravelling competitors’ brain-andbody correlates. The two-persons social neuroscience approach to study competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-104
Author(s):  
Michela Balconi ◽  
Laura Angioletti
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Competitive Behavior ◽  
Body System ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Single Person ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Brain

Competition refers to a condition for which an individual or a group strive to gain or win something by defeating or establishing superiority over others. It follows that, unlike cooperation, the gain of one foresees the loss of the other. Most accounts have focused on the individual and social cognitive mechanisms featuring cooperative/competitive behavior, however, a fascinating question regards the neurophysiological correlates of competitive social phenomenon. What happens at a neural and peripheral level in the brain-and-body system of two people engaged in a competitive dynamic? The combination of multiple neuroscientific techniques adopted to unveil the individual and social complexity of competition leads us discussing a more recent and promising paradigm in neuroscience, the hyperscanning. In the social neuroscience field, hyperscanning allowed shifting from a single-person to a two-persons perspective and can open new opportunities to study interpersonal brain-and-body connectivity during competitive social interactions in increasingly ecological contexts.

scholarly journals The polarization within and across individuals: the hierarchical Ising opinion model

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Han L J van der Maas ◽  
Jonas Dalege ◽  
Lourens Waldorp
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Statistical Physics ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Opinion Dynamics ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Bounded Confidence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Resistance To Persuasion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Level

Abstract Polarization of opinions is a societal threat. It involves psychological processes as well as group dynamics, a popular topic in statistical physics. However, the interaction between the within individual dynamics of attitude formation and across person polarization is rarely studied. By modelling individual attitudes as Ising networks of attitude elements, and approximating this behaviour by the cusp singularity, we developed a fundamentally new model of social dynamics. In this hierarchical model, agents behave either discretely or continuously depending on their attention to the issue. At the individual level, the model reproduces the mere thought effect and resistance to persuasion. At the social level, the model implies polarization and the persuasion paradox. We propose a new intervention for escaping polarization in bounded confidence models of opinion dynamics.

scholarly journals Variability of social interactions in new versus established relationships in female degus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Thatcher ◽  
Nathan Insel
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Learning Systems ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Social Coordination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Social Exposure ◽  
Affiliative Behaviors

AbstractWhen a behaving system explores a new environment or stimulus it varies its behavior to ensure proper sampling. As contingencies are learned, behavioral variance can give-way to routines and stereotypies. This phenomenon is common across a range of learning systems, but has not been well studied in the social domain in which the stimulus an agent investigates, another individual, is reactive to the agent’s behaviors. We examined the effects of social novelty on interaction variability in laboratory-reared, female degus, known to readily express affiliative behaviors with initially unfamiliar, unrelated individuals. Degus were presented with a series of 20 minute, dyadic “reunion” sessions across days, interleaving exposures to familiar and unfamiliar same-sex conspecifics. We found that dyads could be distinguished from one-another by their interactive behaviors, suggesting dyad-specific social relationships. Following the first session, stranger dyads were unexpectedly easier to differentiate than cagemates due to a combination of higher diversity of behavior between dyads and, in some cases, lower variability within dyads. Some evidence could be found for higher variability in stranger interactions within the first two exposures, though within-session variability increased in cagemates across reunions, ultimately exceeding levels in strangers. We also observed that while strangers interacted more than cagemates, this could be traced to only 30% of the animals and the higher interaction levels did not attenuate over sessions or after co-housing the animals. No strong differences were observed in the temporal structure of social behavior between the two groups. Results reveal that new relationships in adult, female degus are more diverse but not more variable compared with established relationships, particularly after the first social exposure. Given known tendencies of female degus to form and maintain new relationships, these findings are consistent with the notion that higher interaction variability may be maladaptive to building social coordination and trust.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

scholarly journals Word of Mouth, Viral Marketing and Open Data: A Large-Scale Simulation for Predicting Opinion Diffusion on Ethical Food Consumption

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostino G. Bruzzone ◽  
Matteo Agresta ◽  
Jen Hsien Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Choice Model ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Results ◽  
Individual Opinion ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Choices

AbstractThis paper presents the first results of a large-scale-Agent-Based Simulation devoted to simulate individual behaviour inside a medium sized city (600,000 inhabitants). Humans are simulated as Intelligent Individual entities characterized by several attributes created from the Open Data available by means of a multi-layer approach. The work presented is divided into two main parts: the first part aims to describe the multi-layer approach adopted with the inclusion of the social network layer devoted to capture how social networks can be correlated with human activities and how an “Individual Opinion” can changes based on social interactions. The second part is devoted to present a preliminary case study for simulating the propagation dynamics of the individual opinion in the form of an ethical value function. The basic idea is to capture the changes in the individual opinion based on the social interactions predicted by the simulation. Finally, a food choice model for predicting individual choices based on the individual opinion function is presented; the model is based on three parameters: accessibility of ethical shops, price difference with standard products, and ethical value propagation.

Shtetls, Taverns, and Baptisms

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellie R. Schainker
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Religious Toleration ◽  
Local Elites ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Conversion Narratives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intimate Knowledge

Chapter 3 explores the social dynamics of religious toleration and the confessional state from below by examining the spaces of Jewish conversion. The chapter presents a range of conversion narratives which locate interfaith encounters at the local tavern as the springboard for migrating to a different confessional community. It analyzes daily social interactions among Jewish and neighboring Polish, Lithuanian, Belorussian, and Ukrainian communities, and how these encounters nurtured intimate knowledge of other confessional lifestyles, facilitated interfaith relationships, and provided access to the personnel and institutions of other faiths. By taking a geographical approach, the chapter presents the western provincial towns and villages of imperial Russia as interreligious zones wherein conversion was predicated on interconfessional networks, sociability, and a personal familiarity with Christianity via its adherents. In exploring forms of encounter, the chapter highlights the role of the local godparent—often local elites or civil/military personnel—in facilitating confessional transfers.

scholarly journals Redes Sociais e a Experiência de Formalização de Microempreendedores Individuais

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Emanuele Mantovani ◽  
Marco André Cadoná
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
The Individual

O artigo analisa as dinâmicas sociais que estão presentes na afirmação de trabalhadores enquanto Microempreendedores Individuais (MEIs). Toma-se como referência empírica a experiência de trabalhadores que formalizaram suas ações econômicas a partir da Lei do Microempreendedorismo Individual, criada em 2008 e sancionada em 2009. A análise enfatiza a importância das redes de sociabilidade para a compreensão não só da apropriação da política pública por parte dos trabalhadores, mas também das repercussões da legislação nas práticas dos agentes econômicos, indicando, ao final, que as relações sociais que os indivíduos estabelecem, seja com amigos, familiares, organizações ou poder público, condicionam as possibilidades de integração desses trabalhadores e de promoção da cidadania através da Lei do Microempreendedorismo Individual. Social Networks and the Experience of Formalizing Individual Microentrepreneurs The article analyzes the social dynamics that are present in the affirmation of workers as Individual Microentrepreneurs. Empirical reference is made to the experience of workers who formalized their economic actions based on the Individual Microenterprise Law, created in 2008 and sanctioned in 2009. The analysis emphasizes the importance of networks of sociability for the understanding not only of the appropriation of public policy in the end, that the social relations that individuals establish, whether with friends, family, organizations or public power, condition the possibilities of integration of these workers and promotion of citizenship through the Individual Microentrepreneurship Law. Redes Sociales y la Experiencia de Formalizacion de Microempresarios Individuales El artículo analiza las dinámicas sociales que están presentes en la afirmación de trabajadores como Microemprendedores Individuales (MEI). Se toma como referencia empírica la experiencia de trabajadores que formalizaron sus acciones económicas a partir de la Ley del Microemprendedorismo Individual, creada en 2008 y sancionada en 2009. El análisis enfatiza la importancia de las redes de sociabilidad para la comprensión no sólo de la apropiación de la política pública por parte de los trabajadores, pero también de las repercusiones de la legislación en las prácticas de los agentes económicos, indicando, al final, que las relaciones sociales que los individuos establecen, sea con amigos, familiares, organizaciones o poder público, condicionan las posibilidades de integración de esos trabajadores y de promoción de la ciudadanía a través de la Ley del Microemprendedorismo Individual.

Event ethics and their elasticity: weddings in Botswana and the exploration of the tacit extraordinary

Africa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 462-478
Author(s):  
Rijk van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Special Events ◽  
Everyday Ethics ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Opposite View ◽  
The Individual

AbstractWhereas Michael Lambek situates the exploration of the significance of ‘ordinary ethics’ in the everyday as the study of ‘the ethical in the conjunction or movement between explicit local pronouncements and implicit local practices and circumstances’, this article takes the opposite view by drawing attention to special events that appear to engage – or provide space for – extraordinary ethics. Special events and their extraordinary ethics bring into relief the implicitness of the ordinary in everyday ethics. Weddings in Botswana are moments in the social life of the individual, the family and the community that produce such event ethics. On one level, the event ethics relate to the execution of these highly stylized weddings in terms of concerns about their performance and marital arrangements. On another level, the event ethics can have tacit dimensions that belong to the special nature of the occasion. This article argues not only that ‘ordinary ethics’ may be privileged through the study of what is tacit in social interactions, but that ‘event ethics’ also demonstrate the importance of the tacit.

*The Study of Social Organizations

Behaviour ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 96-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Mcbride
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Animal Societies

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical model of and a practical approach to the study of social systems. It was prepared after discussions at the XI and XII International Ethological Conferences, and each draft was presented to many ethologists for comment, and many responded. The paper looks at the social organization within animal species, and at the way animals build, maintain, and change it by their behaviour. The questions asked move always from the individual behaviours, through the social interactions, to the social reiationships and groups which are stable features of societies. The main societal subsystems discussed are: I. Social phases, or social structures which are maintained for periods of time; 2. Organic specialization by castes; 3. Social specialization in groups ; 4. The pattern of dispersal of individuals or groups; 5. The social organization of sexual and parent-offspring behaviour; 6. The organization of behaviour in relation to the environment; 7. The dynamic aspects of animal societies, particularly with changes in density. In each section, questions aim to draw out the pattern of behavioural organization, emphasising the structural features of the theoretical model presented.

scholarly journals DIFFUSION PROCESSES THROUGH SOCIAL GROUPS' DYNAMICS

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA APOLLONI ◽  
FLORIANA GARGIULO
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dissemination Process ◽  
Cultural Traits ◽  
Individual Choices

Axelrod's model describes the dissemination of a set of cultural traits in a society constituted by individual agents. In a social context, nevertheless, individual choices toward a specific attitude are also at the basis of the formation of communities, groups and parties. The membership in a group changes completely the behavior of single agents who start acting according to a social identity. Groups act and interact among them as single entities, but still conserve an internal dynamics. We show that, under certain conditions of social dynamics, the introduction of group dynamics in a cultural dissemination process avoids the flattening of the culture into a single entity and preserves the multiplicity of cultural attitudes. We also consider diffusion processes on this dynamical background, showing the conditions under which information as well as innovation can spread through the population in a scenario where the groups' choices determine the social structure.

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