scholarly journals Classification of general and personal semantic details in the Autobiographical Interview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Renoult ◽  
Michael J. Armson ◽  
Nicholas Diamond ◽  
Carina L. Fan ◽  
Nivethika Jeyakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
General Semantics ◽  
Repeated Events ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Fluent Aphasia ◽  
General Semantic

The Autobiographical Interview (AI) separates internal (episodic) and external (non-episodic) details from transcribed protocols using an exhaustive and reliable scoring system. While the details comprising the internal composite are centered on elements of episodic memory, external details are more heterogeneous as they are meant to capture a variety of non-episodic utterances: general semantics, different types of personal semantics details, metacognitive statements, repetitions, and details about off topic events. Elevated external details are consistently observed in aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we augmented the AI scoring system to differentiate subtypes of external details to test whether the elevation of these details in aging and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (including mixed frontotemporal/semantic dementia [FTD/SD] and progressive non-fluent aphasia [PNFA]) would be specific to general and personal semantics or would concern all subtypes. Specifically, we separated general semantic details from personal semantic details (including autobiographical facts, self-knowledge, and repeated events). With aging, external detail elevation was observed for general and personal semantic details but not for other types of external details. In frontotemporal lobar degeneration, patients with FTD/SD (but not PNFA) generated an excess of personal semantic details ¬but not general semantic details. The increase in personal but not general semantic details in FTD/SD is consistent with prevalent impairment of general semantic memory in SD, and with the personalization of concepts in this condition. Under standard AI instructions, external details were intended to capture off-topic utterances and were not intended as a direct measure of semantic abilities. Future investigations concerned with semantic processing in aging and in dementia could modify standard instructions of the AI to directly probe semantic content.

scholarly journals The ERP correlates of self-knowledge in ageing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick F. N. Tanguay ◽  
Ann-Kathrin Johnen ◽  
Ioanna Markostamou ◽  
Rachel Lambert ◽  
Megan Rudrum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Semantic Knowledge ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
General Semantic

AbstractSelf-knowledge is a type of personal semantic knowledge that concerns one’s self-image and personal identity. It has most often been operationalized as the summary of one’s personality traits (“I am a stubborn person”). Interestingly, recent studies have revealed that the neural correlates of self-knowledge can be dissociated from those of general semantic and episodic memory in young adults. However, studies of “dedifferentiation” or loss of distinctiveness of neural representations in ageing suggest that the neural correlates of self-knowledge might be less distinct from those of semantic and episodic memory in older adults. We investigated this question in an event-related potential (ERP) study with 28 young and 26 older adults while they categorised personality traits for their self-relevance (self-knowledge conditions), and their relevance to certain groups of people (general semantic condition). Participants then performed a recognition test for previously seen traits (episodic condition). The amplitude of the late positive component (LPC), associated with episodic recollection processes, differentiated the self-knowledge, general semantic, and episodic conditions in young adults, but not in older adults. However, in older adults, participants with higher composite episodic memory scores had more differentiated LPC amplitudes across experimental conditions. Moreover, consistent with the fact that age-related neural dedifferentiation may be material and region specific, in both age groups some differences between memory types were observed for the N400 component, associated with semantic processing. Taken together, these findings suggest that declarative memory subtypes are less distinct in ageing, but that the amount of differentiation varies with episodic memory function.

Examining the episodic-semantic interplay during future thinking – A reanalysis of external details

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie Strikwerda-Brown ◽  
John Hodges ◽  
Olivier Piguet ◽  
Muireann Irish
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Differential Vulnerability ◽  
Clinical Disorders ◽  
External Component ◽  
Future Narratives ◽  
General Semantic

Traditional analyses of autobiographical construction have tended to focus on the ‘internal’ or episodic details of the narrative. Contemporary studies employing fine-grained scoring measures, however, reveal the ‘external’ component of autobiographical narratives to contain important information relevant to the individual’s life story. Here, we used the recently developed NExt scoring protocol to explore profiles of external details generated by patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (n = 11) and semantic dementia (SD) (n = 13) on a future thinking task. Voxel-based morphometry analyses of structural MRI were used to determine the neural correlates of external detail profiles in each patient group. Overall, distinct NExt profiles were observed across past and future temporal contexts in AD and SD groups, which involved elevations in external details, in the context of reduced internal details, relative to healthy Controls. Specifically, AD patients provided significantly more General Semantic details compared with Controls during past retrieval, whereas Specific Episode external details were elevated during future simulation. These increased external details within future narratives related to grey matter integrity in medial and lateral frontal regions in AD. By contrast, SD patients displayed an elevation of Specific Episode, Extended Episode, and General Semantic details exclusively during future simulation relative to Controls, which related to integrity of medial and lateral parietal regions. Our findings suggest that the compensatory external details generated during future simulation comprise an array of episodic and semantic details that vary in terms of specificity and self-relevance. Moreover, these profiles appear to be differentially affected depending on the locus of underlying neuropathology in dementia. Adopting a fine-grained approach to external details provides important information regarding the interplay between episodic and semantic content during future stimulation and highlights the differential vulnerability and preservation of distinct components of the constructed narrative in clinical disorders.

scholarly journals Nuclear Components of the Conceptual Framework ‘Medicine’ in the Modern English Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
A.A. Golubykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Medical Vocabulary ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Key Aspects

The conceptual framework ‘medicine’ within the English lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media discourse was considered in this paper. The research was motivated by current medical innovations accompanied by word-coining contributing to the renewal of nuclear concepts and their semantic content within the conceptual framework ‘medicine’. The nuclear concepts of the above-mentioned conceptual framework focusing upon semantic, synonymic, and hyper-hyponymic features of medical nouns in English were studied and systematized. For this purpose, the methods of data collection, description, and classification of the empirical materials with elements of semantic and conceptual analysis were used. The key aspects of the modern conceptual framework ‘medicine’ were identified. It was discovered that the conceptual framework ‘medicine’ in the modern English lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media types of discourse is basically actualized through the following nuclear concepts: ‘diseases’, ‘diagnostics and treatment methods’, and ‘drugs’. Interestingly, the nuclear concepts in all types of the English professional discourse enrich and develop the conceptual framework ‘medicine’ with medical terms related to the corresponding professional markers, synonyms, hyponyms, and hyperonyms. The results obtained provide both a valid background for better explanation, translation, and application of medical vocabulary in terms of modern lexicographic, scientific, educational, and mass-media communication strategies.

scholarly journals Visual and automatic cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) scoring

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (3a) ◽  
pp. 578-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agostinho Rosa ◽  
Gabriela Rodrigues Alves ◽  
Magneide Brito ◽  
Maria Cecília Lopes ◽  
Sérgio Tufik
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Data Format ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Cyclic Alternating Pattern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type Studies ◽  
Automatic Scoring

The classification of short duration events in the EEG during sleep, as the A stage of the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is a tedious and error prone task. The number of events under normal conditions is large (several hundreds), and it is necessary to mark the limits of the events with precision, otherwise the time sensitive classification of the CAP phases (A and B) and specially the scoring of different types of A phases will be compromised. The objective of this study is to verify the feasibility of visual CAP scoring with only one channel of EEG, the evaluation of the inter-scorer agreement in a variety of recordings, and the comparison of the visual scorings with a known automatic scoring system. Sixteen hours of one channel (C4-A1 or C3-A2) of NREM sleep were extracted from eight whole night recordings in European Data Format and presented to the different scorers. The average inter-scorer agreement for all scorers is above 70%, the pair wise inter-scorer agreement found was between 69% up to 77.5%. These values are similar to what has been reported in different type studies. The automatic scoring system has similar performance of the visual scorings. The study also has shown that it is possible to classify the CAP using only one channel of EEG.

Angiographic classification of patterns of restenosis following femoropopliteal artery intervention: A proposed scoring system

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Garcia ◽  
Krishna J. Rocha-Singh ◽  
Prakash Krishnan ◽  
Thomas Zeller ◽  
Gunnar Tepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Femoropopliteal Artery

Marrow Fibrosis in Myelodysplastic Syndromes - Its Significance in the Context of the WHO Classification of Disease and the International Prognostic Scoring System.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1446-1446
Author(s):  
Guntram Buesche ◽  
Arnold Ganser ◽  
Ludwig Wilkens ◽  
Brigitte Schlegelberger ◽  
Hartmut Hecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Who Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Prognostic Scoring System ◽  
Bone Marrow Biopsies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Marrow Fibrosis

Abstract Marrow fibrosis (MF) is rarely considered in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) although the frequency of this complication ranges from 10 to 50 % in the few reports on this issue, and there are no data on occurrence and significance of this complication in the context of the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of disease. In a retrospective study, diagnostic bone marrow biopsies from a total of 936 patients with MDS were examined for MF and its relevance to the course of disease. Frequency of MF varied markedly between different types of MDS ranging from 3 % (RARS) to 37 % (MDS, therapy-related; WHO classification, P < 0.000005). Risk of MF furthermore correlated with multilineage dysplasia (P < 0.000005). However, there was no obvious correlation to the IPSS or to karyotype abnormalities. The survival time of patients was significantly reduced by about 50 % from 11 (RAEB-1/-2) - 55 (RARS, RCMD-RS) down to 6 (RAEB-1/-2) - 33 months (RARS, RCMD-RS) in median when MF was detected independently of the IPSS and the classification of disease (FAB, WHO; P = 0.0001). We conclude that MF is an unfavorable complication of MDS significantly shortening the survival time of patients independently of the IPSS and the classification of disease.

scholarly journals STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONING OF THE ADVERTISING-TEXTS: A CASE OF GERMAN LANGUAGE ADVERTISEMENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-186
Author(s):  
Myroslava Maistrenko ◽  
Petro Osypov ◽  
Nataliya Bulyk
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
German Language ◽  
Structural Pattern ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Women's Clothing ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Compositional Elements ◽  
Online Stores

The article considers the main features of the composition of advertising texts in the German-speaking environment. The search-material is based on German language women's clothing advertising from popular German online stores and magazines (e.g., "Kenwood", "ALDI", "KIK", and etc.). The aim of this research is to study the functioning of compositional blocks in the texts of German advertising and the features of advertising texts within the German mass media discourse. The main compositional elements of the advertising text are characterized and the lexical-semantic analysis of each of its compositional parts is given. The following methods were used: the method of linguistic observation with the following procedures of systematization and classification of linguistic facts. Structural-semantic analysis was used to determine the features of the compositional structure of the advertising text. Despite the fact that advertising texts are small in volume, it is interesting to study their compositional structure, lexical and semantic content of each compositional component. The composition of the advertising text is optional and depends mainly on the pragmatic goals of each advertising text. It is important so speak about the semantics and pragmatics of compositional blocks. However, there is a certain structural pattern for creating advertising text, which takes into account all possible goals and intentions of the author of the advertisement. The article pays special attention to slogans and titles, as important compositional elements of the advertising text, because they perform both informative and motivational functions. The reader learns direct information about the products being sold from the main compositional block of the advertising text. The final part of advertisement has also its pragmatic purposes and types of manifestation. The study of advertising texts leads to the conclusion that the composition of advertising text is dynamic and depends not only on the purpose of creation, but also on the model chosen for its creation.

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