Digit ratio (2D:4D) researchers on 2D:4D research: An expert survey

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.31234/osf.io/9krd4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martin Voracek

Keyword(s):

Digit Ratio ◽

Opinion Survey ◽

The Past ◽

Fourth Digit ◽

Prenatal Hormones ◽

Measurement Methodology ◽

Research Integration ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Expert Opinion Survey

Research into the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), an assumed negative correlate of prenatal testosterone, has grown substantially over the past decade, so interim stocktaking of this field seems appropriate. Forty-four (38% of all) corresponding authors of 2D:4D articles participated in an expert opinion survey, indicating their perceptions of 2D:4D research (top insights/achievements, gaps/desiderata, problems/pitfalls, prospects/expectations). Major themes emerging from these researchers’ content-analyzed survey responses included: calls for a general framework and research integration; for more theoretical rigor, experimental evidence, longitudinal studies, and animal research; and for measurement, methodology, study design, and data analysis standards in 2D:4D research. Mentioned high-priority issues of 2D:4D research, needed to be addressed and solved, included: lacking validation studies of 2D:4D (what it actually indexes, why it is influenced by prenatal hormones, including elucidation of its genetics), small effects, inconsistent or unreplicable findings, prevalence of correlational or underpowered studies, publication bias, and sparseness of meta-analyses.

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Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000690 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Shannon Lange ◽

Courtney Bagge ◽

Charlotte Probst ◽

Jürgen Rehm

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Random Effects ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

The United States ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Past ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

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The second to fourth digit ratio in elite and non-elite male sport competitors

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e548052012-426 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

G. Grouios ◽

I. Koidou ◽

N. Kollias

Keyword(s):

Digit Ratio ◽

Fourth Digit

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International comparisons of school-level geoscience education– the UNESCO/IGEO expert opinion survey

International Journal of Science Education ◽

10.1080/09500693.2020.1854894 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Chris King ◽

Denise Gorfinkiel ◽

María Frick

Keyword(s):

Expert Opinion ◽

International Comparisons ◽

School Level ◽

Geoscience Education ◽

Opinion Survey ◽

Expert Opinion Survey

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Evidence of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescents Who Use Juul and Similar Pod Devices

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16122135 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (12) ◽

pp. 2135 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Rachel Boykan ◽

Maciej L. Goniewicz ◽

Catherine R. Messina

Keyword(s):

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Early Onset ◽

Nicotine Addiction ◽

Urinary Cotinine ◽

Nicotine Content ◽

The Past ◽

Survey Responses

Background: The use of high-nicotine content e-cigarettes (so-called pods, such as Juul) among adolescents raises concerns about early onset of nicotine addiction. Methods: In this analysis of adolescents surveyed from April 2017–April 2018, we compare survey responses and urinary cotinine of pod vs. non-pod using past-week e-cigarette users aged 12–21. Results: More pod users categorized themselves as daily users compared to non-pod users (63.0% vs. 11.0%; p = 0.001); more pod than non-pod users had used e-cigarettes within the past day (76.2% vs. 29.6%; p = 0.001). More pod users responded affirmatively to nicotine dependence questions (21.4% vs. 7.1%; p = 0.04). Urinary cotinine levels were compared among those responding positively and negatively to dependence questions: those with positive responses had significantly higher urinary cotinine levels than those responding negatively. Conclusions: Adolescents who used pod products showed more signs of nicotine dependence than non-pod users. Pediatricians should be vigilant in identifying dependence symptoms in their patients who use e-cigarettes, particularly in those using pod devices.

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Newsmaking criminology in Australia and New Zealand: Results from a mixed methods study of criminologists’ media engagement

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology ◽

10.1177/0004865819854794 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 84-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Iliadis ◽

Imogen Richards ◽

Mark A Wood

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

News Media ◽

The United States ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

The Past ◽

Professional Duty ◽

The Subject ◽

Survey Responses ◽

Insight Into ◽

Newsmaking Criminology

‘Newsmaking criminology’, as described by Barak, is the process by which criminologists contribute to the generation of ‘newsworthy’ media content about crime and justice, often through their engagement with broadcast and other news media. While newsmaking criminological practices have been the subject of detailed practitioner testimonials and theoretical treatise, there has been scarce empirical research on newsmaking criminology, particularly in relation to countries outside of the United States and United Kingdom. To illuminate the state of play of newsmaking criminology in Australia and New Zealand, in this paper we analyse findings from 116 survey responses and nine interviews with criminologists working in universities in these two countries, which provide insight into the extent and nature of their news media engagement, and their related perceptions. Our findings indicate that most criminologists working in Australia or New Zealand have made at least one news media appearance in the past two years, and the majority of respondents view news media engagement as a professional ‘duty’. Participants also identified key political, ethical, and logistical issues relevant to their news media engagement, with several expressing a view that radio and television interviewers can influence criminologists to say things that they deem ‘newsworthy’.

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The Clinical Utility of Virtual Reality in Neurorehabilitation: A Systematic Review

Journal of Central Nervous System Disease ◽

10.1177/1179573518813541 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 117957351881354 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Thais Massetti ◽

Talita Dias da Silva ◽

Tânia Brusque Crocetta ◽

Regiani Guarnieri ◽

Bruna Leal de Freitas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Virtual Environments ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Clinical Utility ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Web Of Science ◽

The Past ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

Background: Virtual reality (VR) experiences (through games and virtual environments) are increasingly being used in physical, cognitive, and psychological interventions. However, the impact of VR as an approach to rehabilitation is not fully understood, and its advantages over traditional rehabilitation techniques are yet to be established. Method: We present a systematic review which was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). During February and March of 2018, we conducted searches on PubMed (Medline), Virtual Health Library Search Portal databases (BVS), Web of Science (WOS), and Embase for all VR-related publications in the past 4 years (2015, 2016, 2017, and 2018). The keywords used in the search were “neurorehabilitation” AND “Virtual Reality” AND “devices.” Results: We summarize the literature which highlights that a range of effective VR approaches are available. Studies identified were conducted with poststroke patients, patients with cerebral palsy, spinal cord injuries, and other pathologies. Healthy populations have been used in the development and testing of VR approaches meant to be used in the future by people with neurological disorders. A range of benefits were associated with VR interventions, including improvement in motor functions, greater community participation, and improved psychological and cognitive function. Conclusions: The results from this review provide support for the use of VR as part of a neurorehabilitation program in maximizing recovery.

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