The Self, Emotion, & Regulation Model of Giving and Receiving Constructive Feedback

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Ulichney ◽  
Johanna Jarcho ◽  
Chelsea Helion
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Performance Goal ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Regulation Model

We must often give and receive constructive feedback in various contexts. Constructive feedback offers unique benefits including improvements in performance, goal-pursuit, self-awareness, and self-efficacy. However, it is challenging to give and receive. This may be due to threats to self-concept that giving and receiving constructive feedback pose. Yet, the role of self-concept threat in constructive feedback remains understudied. We propose that giving and receiving constructive feedback trigger self-concept threat and can result in negative affect for givers and recipients. This framing allows us to approach feedback in a novel way -- as an emotion-regulation problem. Recipients must down-regulate negative affect when hearing negative self-relevant information. Givers must down-regulate negative affect when risking interpersonal rifts or rejection. Here, we review relevant emotion regulation literature as it applies to the feedback process and identify points for future research. Conceptualizing constructive feedback as an emotional-regulation challenge may inform the design of future interventions.

scholarly journals Reglarea emoțiilor si epuizarea profesională la angajații din sectorul servicii

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Daniela Victoria Zaharia ◽  
Manuela Maria Apostol
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Positive Affectivity ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Regulation Model

The main objective of this paper is to explore the relations between emotional regulation and burnout among Romanian service employees, and to empirically validate the adequacy of emotional regulation model (Gross, 1998) to the emotional work paradigm. We were interested to clarify not only the relations among positive - negative affectivity of employees and their emotion regulation strategies (attention deployment, cognitive change and response modulation), but also the relations among these strategies and burnout. The empirical research was mainly based on questionnaires developed based on the previous literature in the field, and also on the data gathered directly from Romanian population. The results show that the positive affectivity of service employees relates to certain emotion regulation strategies and prevent burnout. Moreover, certain emotion regulation strategies also prevent burnout. In the end, some practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Affect and State Mindfulness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Alfons Karl ◽  
Ronald Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Emotional Processing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Distractor Task ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Affect Reactivity ◽  
Mindfulness Facets

Does individuals personality influence how mindful they are? In a pre-registered experiment, we investigated whether previously established relationships between Neuroticism, Behavioral Inhibition, and mindfulness are due to differences in negative affect reactivity. We expected participants high on Neuroticism/Behavioral Inhibition to show greater negative affect reactivity which in turn would reduce their mindful emotion regulation and self-awareness. We examined the change in mindfulness and affect of 331 participants after exposure to a negative affect stimuli and a distractor task. We found that while negative affect predicted lower Non-Judging and Acting with Awareness, negative affect reactivity did not mediate the relationship between Neuroticism/BIS and the mindfulness facets. Importantly, we only found effects of negative affect on mindfulness facets capturing self-awareness and emotion regulation but not general attention. This indicates that negative affect might shift cognitive resources to threat detection reducing resources available for emotional processing. While our proposed mechanism was not supported, our study holds important implications for clinical practice and future research on individual differences in mindfulness.

scholarly journals Self-awareness in Dementia: a Taxonomy of Processes, Overview of Findings, and Integrative Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Mograbi ◽  
Jonathan Huntley ◽  
Hugo Critchley
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Predictive Coding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Ownership ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Purpose of Review Self-awareness, the capacity of becoming the object of one’s own awareness, has been a frontier of knowledge, but only recently scientific approaches to the theme have advanced. Self-awareness has important clinical implications, and a finer understanding of this concept may improve the clinical management of people with dementia. The current article aims to explore self-awareness, from a neurobiological perspective, in dementia. Recent Findings A taxonomy of self-awareness processes is presented, discussing how these can be structured across different levels of cognitive complexity. Findings on self-awareness in dementia are reviewed, indicating the relative preservation of capacities such as body ownership and agency, despite impairments in higher-level cognitive processes, such as autobiographical memory and emotional regulation. Summary An integrative framework, based on predictive coding and compensatory abilities linked to the resilience of self-awareness in dementia, is discussed, highlighting possible avenues for future research into the topic.

scholarly journals Micro-level de-coupling of negative affect and binge eating in relationship to macro-level outcomes in binge eating disorder treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Smith ◽  
Tyler B. Mason ◽  
Lauren M. Schaefer ◽  
Lisa M. Anderson ◽  
Vivienne M. Hazzard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Binge Eating ◽  
Binge Eating Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract Background While negative affect reliably predicts binge eating, it is unknown how this association may decrease or ‘de-couple’ during treatment for binge eating disorder (BED), whether such change is greater in treatments targeting emotion regulation, or how such change predicts outcome. This study utilized multi-wave ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess changes in the momentary association between negative affect and subsequent binge-eating symptoms during Integrative Cognitive Affective Therapy (ICAT-BED) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy Guided Self-Help (CBTgsh). It was predicted that there would be stronger de-coupling effects in ICAT-BED compared to CBTgsh given the focus on emotion regulation skills in ICAT-BED and that greater de-coupling would predict outcomes. Methods Adults with BED were randomized to ICAT-BED or CBTgsh and completed 1-week EMA protocols and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) at pre-treatment, end-of-treatment, and 6-month follow-up (final N = 78). De-coupling was operationalized as a change in momentary associations between negative affect and binge-eating symptoms from pre-treatment to end-of-treatment. Results There was a significant de-coupling effect at follow-up but not end-of-treatment, and de-coupling did not differ between ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Less de-coupling was associated with higher end-of-treatment EDE global scores at end-of-treatment and higher binge frequency at follow-up. Conclusions Both ICAT-BED and CBTgsh were associated with de-coupling of momentary negative affect and binge-eating symptoms, which in turn relate to cognitive and behavioral treatment outcomes. Future research is warranted to identify differential mechanisms of change across ICAT-BED and CBTgsh. Results also highlight the importance of developing momentary interventions to more effectively de-couple negative affect and binge eating.

scholarly journals Cognitive and affective reactions to success and failure: The quality of feedback as the determinant of self-verifying and self-enhancing motivation

Psihologija ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojana Bodroza
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Characteristic ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Affective Reactions ◽  
Cognitive Reactions

A study was conducted to ascertain what the dominant self motivation is like - selfverifying or self-enhancing? - in a situation when a person is faced with a negative evaluation of a central personality characteristic. Previous research suggested that affective reactions should follow the pattern predicted by self-enhancement theory by which all individuals would react with positive affect to positive evaluation and with negative affect to negative evaluation. On the other side, cognitive reactions are expected to follow the pattern predicted by self-verification theory which suggests that information consistent with the self-concept should be the most convincing (i.e. cognitive reactions should be influenced by interaction of feedback and self-esteem). Ninety female respondents were given a false favorable or extremely unfavorable feedback about their achievement on an intelligence test, after which their cognitive and affective reactions were measured. The results revealed that the respondents demonstrated a self-enhancing motivation both in the affective and the cognitive domain, i.e., regardless of their level of self-esteem, those who had failed experienced more negative affect, rated test more unfavorably, assessed it as less accurate, and claimed they had invested less effort to solve the test, than those who were successful. The research imposes conclusion that cognitive reactions to failure are not conditioned only by the degree of negativity or positivity of global self-views, but also by the quality/intensity of unfavorable feedback. This conclusion provides important methodological implications for future research in this area.

Social Comparison in the Classroom: A Review

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieternel Dijkstra ◽  
Hans Kuyper ◽  
Greetje van der Werf ◽  
Abraham P. Buunk ◽  
Yvonne G. van der Zee
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Comparison Theory ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Comparison Direction ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Better Than

This article reviews research conducted on social comparison processes in the classroom since Festinger proposed his theory of social comparison. It covers the theoretical framework of social comparison theory, and it is organized around the following themes: motives for social comparison, dimensions of social comparison, direction of social comparison, and consequences of social comparison. The overall picture is an emerging one in which pupils prefer to compare their performances upward—specifically, with pupils who perform better than themselves but who resemble themselves on related and unrelated attributes. Although the magnitude of the effects of social comparison in the classroom is not examined, the review suggests that such upward comparisons not only lead pupils to perform better but evoke negative affect and lower academic self-concept. Topics discussed include inconsistencies (especially with regard to the direction of comparison and the motives underlying social comparison in the classroom), practical implications, and directions for future research.

scholarly journals Affect Dysregulation in Context: Implications and Future Directions of Experience Sampling Research on Affect Regulation Models of Loss of Control Eating

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Mikhail
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Loss Of Control Eating ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Regulation Model

Loss of control eating is a core, transdiagnostic eating disorder symptom associated with psychological distress, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. However, the factors that contribute to persistent loss of control eating despite negative consequences are not fully understood. Understanding the mechanisms that maintain loss of control eating is crucial to advance treatments that interrupt these processes. Affect regulation models of loss of control eating hypothesize that negative emotions trigger loss of control eating, and that loss of control eating is negatively reinforced because it temporarily decreases negative affect. Several variations on this basic affect regulation model have been proposed, including theories suggesting that negative affect decreases during loss of control eating rather than afterwards (escape theory), and that loss of control eating replaces one negative emotion with another that is less aversive (trade-off theory). Experience sampling designs that measure negative affect and eating behavior multiple times per day are optimally suited to examining the nuanced predictions of these affect regulation models in people's everyday lives. This paper critically reviews experience sampling studies examining associations between negative affect and loss of control eating, and discusses the implications for different affect regulation models of loss of control eating. The review concludes by proposing an expanded affect-focused model of loss of control eating that incorporates trait-level individual differences and momentary biological and environmental variables to guide future research. Clinical implications and recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Empathic emotion regulation in prosocial behavior and altruism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M. Brethel-Haurwitz ◽  
Maria Stoianova ◽  
Abigail Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Positive And Negative Affect ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
Donation Behavior ◽  
Independent Effects

The emotions evoked in response to others’ distress are important for motivating concerned prosocial responses. But how various forms of emotional regulation shape prosocial responding is not yet well understood. When does regulation of empathy lead to prosocial motivation versus personal distress or apathy? We tested the role of empathic emotion regulation in promoting prosocial motivation and costly donations across two studies, first in a community sample and then in a sample of altruistic kidney donors and a matched comparison sample. Participants engaged in hopeful and distancing reappraisals while viewing images of others in distress, then decided whether to help by donating a portion of a monetary endowment to charity. Whereas hope was expected to evoke approach-based motivation indexed by increased donations, distance was expected to evoke avoidance-based motivation indexed by decreased donations. It was hypothesized that varying effects of the two reappraisals on positive and negative affect would influence donation decisions. Across both studies, both reappraisals decreased negative affect. Hopeful reappraisal also increased positive affect. Instructed reappraisal also altered donation behavior in the community sample: here, hopeful reappraisal resulted in higher donations than distancing reappraisal. Altruists were more prosocial overall, but the associations between affect and donation behavior in this group mirrored that of the hopeful reappraisal in the larger community sample, suggesting that altruists might adopt a more hopeful and compassionate appraisal by default. These findings further clarify the role of empathic emotion regulation in prosocial behavior and also independent effects of positive and negative affect.

scholarly journals Victimization and Peer and Parents Attachment: The Mediating Effect of Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 2062
Author(s):  
Paula Samper-García ◽  
Elisabeth Malonda-Vidal ◽  
Anna Llorca-Mestre ◽  
Roger Muñoz-Navarro ◽  
Vicenta Mestre-Escrivá
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Peer Attachment ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional

Studies of the Spanish adolescent population has concluded that victimization is related to lack of emotional regulation and impulse control. Therefore, if a victim is unable to recognize, understand and regulate their emotions, this can result in rejection by their peers. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine regulatory emotional self-efficacy as a possible mediator in the association between peer and parents attachment and victimization. Adolescents (n = 563) completed Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy, Inventory of Parents and Peer Attachment and Kid at School questionnaires. Structural equation models (SEMs) were used to predict a latent variable of victimization with parents and peer attachment, emphasizing the mediating role of regulatory emotional self-efficacy, as comprised by a positive and a negative aspect. Results showed that peer attachment had an indirect negative effect, through perceived self-efficacy, in managing a positive effect in victimization, while father attachment had an indirect negative affect, through perceived self-efficacy, in managing a negative affect in victimization, and Mother attachment had no statistically significant indirect effect in victimization. This study suggests that the roles of parents and peers, and also between mothers and fathers, are different in relation to the perception of victimization of adolescents. Findings provide relevant information regarding implications for prevention and intervention in victimization.

scholarly journals ONLINE MINDFULNESS PROGRAM FOR LONELY OLDER ADULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S185-S185
Author(s):  
Rachel Ungar ◽  
Lizi Wu ◽  
Karen Keown ◽  
James Schaeffer ◽  
Ellen Wicker
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Purpose In Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Trained Facilitator

Abstract Mindfulness meditation is a cognitive state of self-awareness that promotes emotional regulation and change in self-perspective. Mindfulness has been applied to address loneliness, stress, and anxiety, demonstrating consistent health benefits. The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of an online mindfulness program and to measure its impact on well-being among lonely older adults. The intervention consisted of seven one-hour weekly online modules led by a trained facilitator via WebEx. Engagement was high with 63% of participants attending four or more sessions. Pre/post survey data (N=42) found decreased anxiety, stress, and improvement in mindfulness, purpose in life, and resilience. This program demonstrates that online mindfulness programs may be of great benefit for lonely older adults. Future research will include larger samples to investigate further impacts.

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