scholarly journals The impact of maternal care and blood glucose availability on the cortisol stress response in fasted women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike U. Bentele ◽  
Maria Meier ◽  
Annika Benz ◽  
Bernadette Denk ◽  
Stephanie J. Dimitroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Glucose Availability

Both, early life adversity (ELA), like being exposed to physical or emotional abuse, or low maternal care, and blood glucose availability have been associated with regulatory alterations in the endocrine stress system: here, individuals with a history of ELA and fasting individuals with low blood glucose levels have been shown to exhibit a blunted cortisol response to acute stress. However, a possible interaction of both factors has not been investigated yet, despite well-documented metabolic dysregulations after ELA. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of maternal care and blood glucose concentration on the physiological stress response. After screening for eligibility, N=122 women (meanage=22.12, sdage=2.56) were assigned to either a low, medium or high ELA group based on the maternal care subscale of the Parental Bonding Instrument. After an overnight fast, participants of each group came to the laboratory in the morning and were randomly assigned to either consume grape juice (condition sugar), or water (condition water) prior to being exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test for groups. Salivary samples for cortisol and alpha amylase detection, blood glucose concentrations, and mood ratings were assessed repeatedly. The effects of maternal care and sugar load on cortisol, alpha amylase and blood glucose trajectories were examined using multilevel mixed models. While we could replicate previous results showing the effect of glucose levels on the cortisol stress response, we could neither observe a main effect of ELA on the cortisol stress response, nor an interaction. We did however find an effect of ELA on the amylase stress response. Results are discussed in the light of methodological challenges associated with this type of research, and the possible role of the interaction among the various stress / energy systems in the mediation of ELA effects.

scholarly journals The impact of maternal care and blood glucose availability on the cortisol stress response in fasted women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike U. Bentele ◽  
Maria Meier ◽  
Annika B. E. Benz ◽  
Bernadette F. Denk ◽  
Stephanie J. Dimitroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Trier Social Stress Test ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Glucose Availability

AbstractIndividuals with a history of low maternal care (MC) frequently present a blunted, yet sometimes also show an increased cortisol stress response. Fasted individuals with low blood glucose levels who are exposed to acute stress typically show an attenuated response pattern in this endocrine marker. Despite well-documented metabolic dysregulations after low MC, a possible interaction of both factors has not been investigated yet. Here, we examined the effects of MC and blood glucose concentration on various aspects of the stress response. Fasted women (N = 122, meanage = 22.12, sdage = 2.56) who experienced either very high, high, or low MC (based on the Parental Bonding Instrument) were randomly assigned to consume grape juice (condition sugar), or water (condition water) prior to being exposed to the Trier-Social-Stress-Test for groups. Salivary cortisol and alpha amylase, blood glucose, and mood ratings were assessed repeatedly. Using multilevel mixed models, we replicated the boosting effect of glucose on the cortisol stress response. While we found neither an effect of MC, nor an interaction between MC and blood glucose availability on the cortisol stress response, we observed an effect of MC on the amylase stress response. We discuss the results in the light of links between various stress/energy systems that possibly mediate health-related MC effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the impact of orally administered carbohydrates on postprandial blood glucose levels in different pre-clinical models

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Any de Castro Ruiz Marques ◽  
Fabiana Percinoto Monteiro Schiavon ◽  
Patricia Batista Travassos ◽  
Vanessa Fontana Eik ◽  
Guilherme Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Effect of Moderate Glycemic Energy Bar Consumption on Blood Glucose and Mood in Dancers

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick Brown ◽  
Matthew Wyon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Contemporary Dance ◽  
Dance Class ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Energy Bar ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Ingesting quality carbohydrates has been shown to be essential for dancers. Given that most dance classes take place in the morning, it has been recommended that dancers eat a well-balanced breakfast containing carbohydrates, fats, and protein as a means of fueling this activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a moderate glycemic index energy (MGI) bar or a fasting condition on dancers’ blood glucose levels and perceived pleasure-displeasure response during the first dance class of the day. In a randomized counterbalanced design, 10 female preprofessional dance students took their regular scheduled contemporary dance class, on four separate occasions. On each occasion, they consumed either a commercially prepared carbohydrate (CHO)-dense energy bar (47.3 g CHO) or water (FAST). Plasma glucose responses and pleasure-displeasure affect were measured before and at two time points during the class. Dancers who consumed the MGI bar had significantly greater peak blood glucose levels at all time points than those who fasted (p<0.05). Regarding affective state measures, participants who had breakfast had significantly greater pleasure scores than those who only ingested water (p<0.05). In conclusion, results suggest that CHO with an MGI value positively impacts blood glucose concentrations during a dance class. Further, we conclude that skipping breakfast can have an unfavorable effect on the pleasure-displeasure state of dancers. These findings highlight the impact of breakfast on how one feels, as well as the physiological and metabolic benefits of CHO as an exogenous energy source in dancers.

scholarly journals Stress and Growth in children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Mousikou ◽  
Andreas Kyriakou ◽  
Nicos Skordis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Conservation Of Energy ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Impact

The infantile, childhood, and adolescent periods of growth and development represent times of increased vulnerability to stressors. The rate of growth in each period depends on the interplay of genetic, environmental, dietary, socioeconomic, developmental, behavioral, nutritional, metabolic, biochemical, and hormonal factors. A stressor may have an impact on growth directly through modulation of the growth hormone axis or indirectly through modulation of other factors. The adaptive response to stressors culminates in behavioral, physiological, and biochemical responses, which together support survival and conservation of energy. The process begins within seconds and involves activation of sympathetic nervous system and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis. The time-limited stress response is at once anti-growth, anti-reproductive and catabolic with no lasting adverse consequences. However, chronic activation of the stress system and hypercortisolism have consequential negative impacts on growth, thyroid function, reproduction-puberty, and metabolism. They suppress Growth Hormone-Insulin like growth factor 1, Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal and Thyroid axes and can be responsible for an increase in visceral adiposity, a decrease in lean mass, suppression of osteoblastic activity with risk of osteoporosis, and induction of insulin resistance. Early life adversities, emotional or physical, have been associated with long-term negative physical and mental health outcomes. There are many models of chronic stress that corroborate that early life adversities affect optimal growth and have consequences throughout the lifespan. Targeted interventions to reduce stress during infancy, childhood and adolescence can have far reaching benefits to long-term health as well as attaining adequate growth. In this review we describe the neuroendocrinology of the stress response, the factors influencing growth, and the impact of chronic stress on growth during critical periods of infancy, childhood, and puberty with reference to each of growth, thyroid, and gonadal axis.

scholarly journals Glucose levels during gestational diabetes pregnancy and the risk of developing postpartum diabetes or prediabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadakarn Phaloprakarn ◽  
Siriwan Tangjitgamol
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Blood glucose levels during pregnancy may reflect the severity of insulin secretory defects and/or insulin resistance during gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) pregnancy. We hypothesized that suboptimal glycemic control in women with GDM could increase the risk of postpartum type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or prediabetes. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of plasma glucose levels throughout GDM pregnancy on the risk of postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. Methods The medical records of 706 women with GDM who underwent a postpartum 75-g, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at our institution between January 2011 and December 2018 were reviewed. These women were classified into 2 groups according to glycemic control during pregnancy: ≤ 1 occasion of either fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL or 2-hour postprandial glucose ≥ 120 mg/dL was defined as optimal glycemic control or else was classified as suboptimal glycemic control. Rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were compared between women with optimal (n = 505) and suboptimal (n = 201) glycemic control. Results The rates of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes were significantly higher in the suboptimal glycemic control group than in the optimal glycemic control group: 22.4% vs. 3.0%, P < 0.001 for T2DM and 45.3% vs. 23.5%, P < 0.001 for prediabetes. In a multivariate analysis, suboptimal glucose control during pregnancy was an independent risk factor for developing either postpartum T2DM or prediabetes. The adjusted odds ratios were 8.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.5–20.3) for T2DM and 3.9 (95% confidence interval, 2.5–6.1) for prediabetes. Conclusion Our findings suggest that blood glucose levels during GDM pregnancy have an impact on the risk of postpartum T2DM and prediabetes.

scholarly journals Discrepancies Between Blood Glucose and Interstitial Glucose—Technological Artifacts or Physiology: Implications for Selection of the Appropriate Therapeutic Target

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 766-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Siegmund ◽  
Lutz Heinemann ◽  
Ralf Kolassa ◽  
Andreas Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

Background: For decades, the major source of information used to make therapeutic decisions by patients with diabetes has been glucose measurements using capillary blood samples. Knowledge gained from clinical studies, for example, on the impact of metabolic control on diabetes-related complications, is based on such measurements. Different to traditional blood glucose measurement systems, systems for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measure glucose in interstitial fluid (ISF). The assumption is that glucose levels in blood and ISF are practically the same and that the information provided can be used interchangeably. Thus, therapeutic decisions, that is, the selection of insulin doses, are based on CGM system results interpreted as though they were blood glucose values. Methods: We performed a more detailed analysis and interpretation of glucose profiles obtained with CGM in situations with high glucose dynamics to evaluate this potentially misleading assumption. Results: Considering physical activity, hypoglycemic episodes, and meal-related differences between glucose levels in blood and ISF uncover clinically relevant differences that can make it risky from a therapeutic point of view to use blood glucose for therapeutic decisions. Conclusions: Further systematic and structured evaluation as to whether the use of ISF glucose is more safe and efficient when it comes to acute therapeutic decisions is necessary. These data might also have a higher prognostic relevance when it comes to long-term metabolic consequences of diabetes. In the long run, it may be reasonable to abandon blood glucose measurements as the basis for diabetes management and switch to using ISF glucose as the appropriate therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Effect of a Combined Andrographis paniculata and Caesalpinia sappan Extract in Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Febrika Wediasari ◽  
Gumilar A. Nugroho ◽  
Zahra Fadhilah ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Heri Setiawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Caesalpinia Sappan ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Researchers usually use herbal combinations to explore and develop traditional medicine to obtain additional benefits in the treatment of diseases, including diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of the combination of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall ex Nees and Caesalpinia sappan Linn extract (APCSE) on diabetes-induced rats. There has not been sufficient research on this combination; however, single extract studies of these plants have been widely conducted. Materials and Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats (160–200 g) were induced by injecting a low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg BW) twice and fed with a high-fat diet containing 25% fat, whereas control animals received only standard feed. Rats were treated with APCSE at doses of 100 mg and 200 mg/kg BW for seven days and compared to the APE and CSE groups treated with the extract at 100 mg, respectively. For the control group, rats were treated with metformin with a dose of 250 mg/kg. The antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects were determined by measuring blood glucose levels and lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL). To assess the impact of the extract on pancreatic and adipose tissue, the number of pancreatic beta cells and adipocytes was evaluated through histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Results and Discussion. In a nonfasting state, the blood glucose change in APCSE 200 mg was 18.65% and was significantly lower from the DM group. However, a single extract of APE and CSE showed lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to the combined extract. Lipid profiles show no significant differences in cholesterol levels between groups; however, all treatment groups, including metformin, showed higher triglyceride levels. The APE-treated group showed significantly lower HDL and LDL, whereas CSE only showed lower LDL. The β-cell number was significantly higher after treatment with single extract CSE. The CSE and the combined extract groups showed hyperplasia adipocytes. Conclusion. The combined extract of APCSE has a moderate antihyperglycemic effect; however, a single extract may have better potential than the combined extract.

scholarly journals VP184 A Cost Analysis Of Flash Glucose Monitoring Systems In Veneto Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 235-236
Author(s):  
Alessandro Curto ◽  
Marika Torbol ◽  
Anna Cavazzana ◽  
Margherita Andretta ◽  
Giovanna Scroccaro
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Blood Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Medical App ◽  
The Impact

INTRODUCTION:A novel, sensor-based, factory-calibrated Flash Monitoring System (FMS) has recently proved to be an effective alternative to conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in patients affected by type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The 14-days adhesive sensor, that continuously measures glucose levels in the interstitial fluid, can transfer glucose levels data to a handheld reader or a smartphone equipped with a specific medical app. The uptake of the new technology has been limited so far, because of its high costs. A cost analysis has been conducted to identify the optimal target population of introducing FSM in Veneto.METHODS:The model was designed with a 1-year time horizon for patients with diabetes using intensive insulin in Veneto region. The costs of the new technology was estimated using inputs from the two main randomized controlled trials (the IMPACT study and the REPLACE study) published in the international literature, Regional evidence-based guidelines and administrative database. Resource utilization included strips, lancets, needles, sensors, distribution and patients training. Regional unit costs were adopted.RESULTS:FSM has not shown so far relevant and statically significant benefits in terms of severe adverse events’ reduction. Estimated yearly costs for a FSM user included glucose monitoring, technology training and distribution costs, for a total of EUR1277 per patient. The new technology has been shown to be affordable in diabetic patients with i) 4years<age<18years, ii) continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and iii) ≥5 blood glucose monitoring per day.CONCLUSIONS:The Veneto Region should carefully consider prescribing extension to other diabetic patients categories, since the high cost of the new technology. A strict prescribing monitoring is strongly recommended with the aim of ensuring appropriateness and avoiding overspending.

Lack of effect of oral glucose loading on conduit vessel endothelial function in healthy subjects

2004 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris SIAFARIKAS ◽  
Katie WATTS ◽  
Petra BEYE ◽  
Timothy W. JONES ◽  
Elizabeth A. DAVIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of an oral glucose load on circulating insulin and glucose levels and arterial function in healthy non-diabetic subjects. Thirty-nine non-obese, healthy subjects (24 female, 15 male), aged 21.0±1.8 years of age, were randomly assigned to undergo either an OGTT (oral glucose tolerance test; 75 g of glucose) or administration of a placebo. Analyses of lipids, liver function and HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) at baseline revealed results which were within the standard reference range. Insulin and glucose levels as well as vascular function [FMD (flow-mediated dilation)] were measured at 0, 60 and 120 min. Compared with baseline, the control subjects did not exhibit any significant changes in glucose or insulin levels, whereas, in the OGTT group, blood glucose levels at both 60 (5.4±1.7 mmol/l) and 120 (5.0±1.1 mmol/l) min increased significantly relative to baseline (4.1±0.4 mmol/l; both P<0.001) and, similarly, insulin levels were higher at both 60 (30.1±21.3 m-units/l) and 120 (34.9±23.6 m-units/l) min compared with baseline (4.7±4.3 m-units/l; both P<0.001). Although blood glucose and insulin levels changed, FMD did not significantly differ between time-points or between groups. In summary, despite significantly elevated glucose and insulin concentrations in these subjects, we observed no change in vascular function, suggesting that acute elevations of glucose and insulin within the clinically normal range are not associated with impaired vascular function in vivo.

The Impact of Perioperative Blood Glucose Levels on Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis and Surgical Outcomes

Pancreas ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1210-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth R. Raghavan ◽  
Umashankar K. Ballehaninna ◽  
Ronald S. Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Surgical Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact
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