Scientific replication in the study of social animals

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel ◽  
William A. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
The Right ◽  
Low Rate

This chapter is written to help undergraduate students better understand the role of replication in psychology and how it applies to the study of social behavior. We briefly review various replication initiatives in psychology and the events that preceded our renewed focus on replication. We then discuss challenges in interpreting the low rate of replication in psychology, especially social psychology. Finally, we stress the need for better methods and theories to learn the right lessons when replications fail.

scholarly journals Exploring Interactions between the Gut Microbiota and Social Behavior through Nutrition

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Pasquaretta ◽  
Tamara Gómez-Moracho ◽  
Philipp Heeb ◽  
Mathieu Lihoreau
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutritional Geometry ◽  
Social Animals

Microbes influence a wide range of host social behaviors and vice versa. So far, however, the mechanisms underpinning these complex interactions remain poorly understood. In social animals, where individuals share microbes and interact around foods, the gut microbiota may have considerable consequences on host social interactions by acting upon the nutritional behavior of individual animals. Here we illustrate how conceptual advances in nutritional ecology can help the study of these processes and allow the formulation of new empirically testable predictions. First, we review key evidence showing that gut microbes influence the nutrition of individual animals, through modifications of their nutritional state and feeding decisions. Next, we describe how these microbial influences and their social consequences can be studied by modelling populations of hosts and their gut microbiota into a single conceptual framework derived from nutritional geometry. Our approach raises new perspectives for the study of holobiont nutrition and will facilitate theoretical and experimental research on the role of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms and evolution of social behavior.

Subjectivity in incentive schemes, cognitive orientations and counterproductive knowledge behavior: an experimental study

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufi Yuwana Mursita ◽  
Luciana Spica Almilia
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Cognitive Orientation ◽  
Cognitive Orientations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This study aims to examine the causal relationship of subjective incentive schemes on counterproductive knowledge behavior. Besides, this study also identifies the moderating role of cognitive orientation on the relationship between those two variables. Design/methodology/approach This study used a 2 × 2 between-subjects laboratory experiment with accounting undergraduate students as the subjects. Findings Subjective-based incentive schemes reduce the tendency for counterproductive knowledge behavior. Also, the collectivist cognitive orientation negatively influences the behavior. However, cognitive orientation does not act as a moderator in the causal relationship of incentive schemes and counterproductive knowledge behavior. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first that investigates and finds the effect of inclusion of subjectivity in incentive schemes and the level of individual’s collectivism on the reluctance to share knowledge in the workplace. This study has also strived to reduce an overlapping between the concept of knowledge sharing and counterproductive knowledge behavior by applying the right basic concept during the experiment.

scholarly journals Recommendation and context: the missing links for increased life cycle impact in large industries

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Rex ◽  
Niklas Fernqvist ◽  
Sven-Olof Ryding
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Information Barriers ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Large Production ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose This study takes an open and explorative approach to investigating the impact, or lack of impact, of life cycle information on behaviours throughout large production companies. Based on cases where life cycle information has been provided, this paper analyses how life cycle information has been interpreted and acted upon—not only by the life cycle assessment (LCA) practitioner conducting the study but also by employees outside the environmental departments. Methods To understand the impact of life cycle information on everyday actions in organisations and how this impact can be enhanced, this study takes a grounded approach to following flows of life cycle information from the environmental department through other departments of an organisation. From the flows of information, the research team selected rich descriptions of empirical data that reflect action and inaction. Using interviews and documents, we collected barriers and enablers for acting on life cycle information. Barriers and enablers were interpreted and clustered into categories and arranged into concepts. Next, we reviewed the empirical data using theories from social psychology. Results and discussion The results show that it is difficult for life cycle information to result in subsequent action outside of environmental departments. The barriers to this action were partly due to the life cycle information per se such as gaps between what life cycle information is available and what life cycle information is needed. Barriers and enablers were also found in relation to the context in which life cycle information was applied and new behaviours were adopted, including timing and software structures, reward systems, trade-offs, and personal beliefs about the profession. The results suggest a new role of the life cycle proponent that includes providing the right life cycle information and understanding and influencing the expected agents’ situations. Conclusions Assisted by theories from social psychology, we found that behaviour can be changed if ‘recommendations’ and ‘contexts’ are considered when providing life cycle information. The paper suggests that the impact of life cycle information could increase if normative arguments about environmental visions, strategies, and overarching goals are aligned with enablers that focus on personal goals, such as meeting a deadline, reducing uncertainty, and reaching the threshold for a bonus.

scholarly journals Praksis Orangtua Dalam Mendidik Anak Menurut Amsal 22 : 6 Terhadap Perilaku Sosial - Ekspresif Siswa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ardianto Lahagu
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Expressive Behavior ◽  
God's Word ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
The Right

Parents have an important role in every aspect of children's lives with social behavior. Socialexpressivebehavior of a person can determine the merits of a society's assessment of that person. Ifsomeone has a good social-expressive behavior, then society will judge that person as a person ofgood character, and vice versa. God gives instructions to parents to educate their children inProverbs 22: 6. The role of parents in educating children is contained in the commands accordingto Proverbs 22: 6, namely maintaining, training, guiding or guiding, and leading; with the aim thatchildren become successful people in their lives, and not deviate from the path of parentaleducation, as written in Proverbs 22: 6, which is the right path according to God's Word. Nondeviantbehavior can be seen from how children love God, love themselves, love others, and alsolove the environment. Social-expressive behaviors, among others, are competitive and noncompetitive,aggressive and non-aggressive, calm or calm and socially uneasy, as well as showingoff or showing themselves and not showing themselves. From the role of parents in educatingchildren, children are expected to be able to establish good social relationships with others, beable to control themselves, and be able to be mature.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF SUNNI ISLAMIC SUFISM ON THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF SOCIAL SOLIDARITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (05) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
El Akel EL MOUDEN
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Practical Education ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fully Connected ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Universe

Islamic Sufism is considered a scientific and practical education of souls, a cure for diseases of the heart, a plantation of virtues, a rebellion of vices and a suppression of desires and a training in patience, contentment and obedience. In addition, it has had a great impact on strengthening spiritual ties between all cultural, social and tribal components. Sufism is also considered one of the most important characteristics in the religious field. This is due to the accumulation of educational assets in this field that have contributed very effectively to the formation of religious conscience and national social behavior, which cannot be erased or changed. Sunni Islamic Sufism is a practical, not theoretical, and therefore realistic, and this realism means taking into account the reality of the universe in terms of its reality. The Sufi’s observance of this realism makes him fully connected with the society in which he lives. On the other hand, the constant of Sunni Sufism works to consolidate the values of peace and social cohesion. Furthermore, the general experiences show us that men of Sufism who involve themselves in peace can more than others contribute to spreading and strengthening peace in their surroundings, just as Sufis believe in the reality of intellectual difference whether between persons or between nations and they deal in cooperation and acquaintance. This article aims to define the role of Sunni Sufism in establishing of the principle of social cohesion. It also shows the reality of Sunni Sufism, its interest in social justice and its focus on the principle of tolerance and the right to difference.

Is there a “People are Stupid” school in social psychology?

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Kihlstrom
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
The Mind

This commentary notes the emergence of a “People are Stupid” school of thought that describes social behavior as mindless, automatic, and unconscious. I trace the roots of this “school,” particularly in the link between situationism in social psychology and behaviorism in psychology at large, and suggest that social psychology should focus on the role of the mind in social interaction.

scholarly journals The Politics of data and reality: Construction of cause in interdisciplinary social psychology

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Political Field ◽  
Reality Construction ◽  
Data Processor ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Active Data ◽  
Disciplinary Process ◽  
The Right

<p>This article draws attention to the meaning of data and reality in social psychology, where everything is in the process, and one complements the other. Since social psychological data matters in the disciplinary and non-disciplinary domains, data handling and interpretations in terms of cause-effect nexus, best descriptions and claiming of human subjectivities become a vital part of the disciplinary process. Social psychological enterprise is a political field where the role of structure and power give meaning to the data, and hence construct the reality. The current article debate on the right kind of politics where power is shared, humans not reduced to data, but active data processor, and data which does not cater to the need of justice is oppressive in itself. </p>

The Role of Gender and Sensation Seeking in Film Choice

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita C. Banerjee ◽  
Kathryn Greene ◽  
Marina Krcmar ◽  
Zhanna Bagdasarov ◽  
Dovile Ruginyte
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Positive Mood ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Arousal ◽  
Subject Design ◽  
Happy Mood

This study demonstrates the significance of individual difference factors, particularly gender and sensation seeking, in predicting media choice (examined through hypothetical descriptions of films that participants anticipated they would view). This study used a 2 (Positive mood/negative mood) × 2 (High arousal/low arousal) within-subject design with 544 undergraduate students recruited from a large northeastern university in the United States. Results showed that happy films and high arousal films were preferred over sad films and low-arousal films, respectively. In terms of gender differences, female viewers reported a greater preference than male viewers for happy-mood films. Also, male viewers reported a greater preference for high-arousal films compared to female viewers, and female viewers reported a greater preference for low-arousal films compared to male viewers. Finally, high sensation seekers reported a preference for high-arousal films. Implications for research design and importance of exploring media characteristics are discussed.

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