Productive Bodies, Docile Women and Violence

Drawing on the Government of Ireland Collaborative Research Project, ‘Magdalene Institutions: Recording an Archival and Oral History’, this paper explores the nature of women’s experiences in Ireland’s Magdalene laundries though the lens of forced work. I argue that the perceived nature of the work done by the women—productive, respectable, ‘women’s work’—significantly impacted on how the abusive nature of the laundries has been considered by official bodies and wider Irish society. This paper focuses on work done in these institutions and how it was viewed, using interviews from survivors and those who visited the laundries. By exploring the links between work and respectability, productivity and morality, with particular attention to the ways this plays out upon the bodies of women, this article argues for an understanding of this work as a violent and disciplinary process, designed to produce the desired Irish Catholic female body: docile and productive, penitential and obedient.

ANALISIS PROGRAM ADULTS AND CHILDREN TOGETHER (ACT) RAISING SAFE KIDS

Rasa aman bagi anak dalam masa tumbuh kembangnya merupakan hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan. Pengasuhan yang tepat merupakan kunci keberhasilan anak dalam memenuhi tugas perkembangannya. Kesadaran orang tua untuk membekali diri mengenai proses pengasuhan tanpa melibatkan kekerasan dalam proses pendisiplinan merupakan hal mendasar untuk menciptakan rasa aman bagi anak. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pelaksanaan program pengasuhan dapat menunjang kemampuan pengasuhan orang tua dalam mendisiplinkan anak tanpa melibatkan kekerasan verbal serta dampaknya bagi perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 60 orang tua murid kelompok A maupun kelompok B di sebuah TK di Kota Surakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumen. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program pengasuhan yang diberikan yaitu Adults and Children Together (ACT) Raising Safe Kids dapat menunjang kemampuan orang tua mengenai pendisiplinan anak tanpa melibatkan kekerasan serta dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangan sosial emosional anak. Program ini dibagi menjadi tiga sesi yang dilakukan selama 2 jam untuk setiap sesinya. Tujuan program adalah pemahaman orangtua mengenai perkembangan anak sesuai dengan tahap usianya, cara mengelola emosi dan membantu anak untuk mengelola emosi, serta bagaimana menciptakan lingkungan yang aman bagi anak yang terbebas dari kekerasan baik fisik maupun verbal. Penelitian ini melaporkan bahwa program ini dapat meningkatkan praktik pengasuhan yang aman tanpa kekerasan bagi anak. A sense of security for children during their growth and development is an important thing to pay attention to. Proper parenting is the key to children's success in fulfilling their developmental tasks. Parent’s awareness to equip themselves with the parenting process without involving violence in the disciplinary process is fundamental to creating a sense of security for children. The research was conducted to find out how the implementation of the Adults and Children Together (ACT) Raising Safe Kids program can support the parenting skills of parents in disciplining children without involving verbal violence. This study used a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques in this study using interviews, observation, and document study. The results of this study indicate that the Adults and Children Together (ACT) Raising Safe Kids program is an effective parenting program to equip parents about child discipline without involving violence. The program is divided into three sessions which last for 2 hours each session. This program leads parents to understand the age stage based-child development, to manage emotions and to help children to manage their emotions. This program also facilitates them to know how to create a safe environment for children who are free from both physical and verbal violence. This study concludes that this program can improve safe care practices without violence for children.

Disciplinary Responsibility of Civil Servants of the Russian Empire

The paper is devoted to examining legal, factual and procedural grounds of disciplinary responsibility of civil servants in the Russian Empire on the basis of the Statutes of Civil Service, Regulations on Punishments in Criminal and Correctional Proceedings, the Statute of Criminal Proceedings. The author defines the concept of official misconduct (malfeasance in office), the legislatively established list of disciplinary offences and relevant measures of influence, their substantive characteristics, the peculiarities of simple (extrajudicial) and judicial procedure of proceedings in disciplinary cases initiated against civil servants of administrative departments. The analysis made it possible to draw a conclusion about the existence in the second half of the 18th century in the system of the Russian public service of a disciplinary process that has all the features of the legal process and a procedural form of criminal proceedings. The use of disciplinary sanctions was subject to certain rules that protected subordinates from arbitrary use of disciplinary power by their principals. The most stringent forms of disciplinary sanctions involving dismissal from service could only be applied by the court. A number of provisions existing at the time can be used to improve the legal basis of the proceedings in disciplinary cases of civil servants of the Russian Federation.

Placement in closed-type special educational institutions (CTSEI) as a complex legal institution

The purpose of this study is to examine the institute of coercive measures of educational influence from the perspective of the possibility of combining the criminal-law regulation and correctional influence exercised within the framework of other branches of law. The methodological basis is a longitudinal study of persons released from criminal punishment using compulsory measures of educational influence, the article analyzes the peculiarities of juvenile delinquency of a special category. The study is based on a full sample of juveniles held in closed-type special educational institutions in the Siberian Federal District (300 sentences in total) and on a sample of 100 sentences against persons subjected to the measures provided for by criminal law. The result of the study is that the regulation of coercive measures of educational influence by criminal law alone is clearly not enough; the disciplinary process requires more soft norms that would reflect the age characteristics of juveniles. The novelty of the study lies in the reasonable conclusion that such norms are contained in the administrative, civil, and family branches of law, which are involved in the subsidiary regulation of legal relations arising as a result of the release of a minor with the use of coercive measures of educational influence.

LWP update 5: short-term proposals for reforming the RCVS disciplinary process

Following on from the RCVS’ series discussing key recommendations from its Legislation Working Party (LWP), RCVS registrar and director of legal services Eleanor Ferguson considers short-term proposals for reforming the RCVS disciplinary process.