scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Infants’ Ability to Perceive Audio-Visual Congruence for Speech Sounds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Martin Mikkelsen Cox ◽  
Tamar Keren-Portnoy ◽  
Andreas Roepstorff ◽  
Riccardo Fusaroli
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Visual Matching ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
Speech Information

This paper investigates the extent to which infants can integrate synchronous speech information across different modalities. A meta-analysis of 24 studies reporting 92 separate effect size measures suggests that infants possess a robust ability to perceive audio-visual congruence for speech sounds. Applying a hierarchical Bayesian robust regression model to the data indicates a moderate effect size in a positive direction (0.35, CI [0.21: 0.50]). Moderator analyses suggest that infants’ audio-visual matching ability for speech sounds emerges at an early point in process of language acquisition and remains stable for both native and non-native speech throughout early development. A sensitivity analysis of the meta-analytic data indicates that a moderate publication bias for significant results could shift the lower credible interval to include null effects. Based on these findings, we outline recommendations for new lines of enquiry and suggest ways to improve the replicability of results in future investigations.

Quiet Eye and Performance in Sport: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Lebeau ◽  
Sicong Liu ◽  
Camilo Sáenz-Moncaleano ◽  
Susana Sanduvete-Chaves ◽  
Salvador Chacón-Moscoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Absolute Duration

Research linking the “quiet eye” (QE) period to subsequent performance has not been systematically synthesized. In this paper we review the literature on the link between the two through nonintervention (Synthesis 1) and intervention (Synthesis 2) studies. In the first synthesis, 27 studies with 38 effect sizes resulted in a large mean effect (d = 1.04) reflecting differences between experts’ and novices’ QE periods, and a moderate effect size (d = 0.58) comparing QE periods for successful and unsuccessful performances within individuals. Studies reporting QE duration as a percentage of the total time revealed a larger mean effect size than studies reporting an absolute duration (in milliseconds). The second synthesis of 9 articles revealed very large effect sizes for both the quiet-eye period (d = 1.53) and performance (d = 0.84). QE also showed some ability to predict performance effects across studies.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Early Start Denver Model for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Fuller ◽  
Kelsey Oliver ◽  
Sarah F. Vejnoska ◽  
Sally J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Early Start Denver Model ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
Moderate Effect Size

This meta-analysis examined the effects of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) for young children with autism on developmental outcome measures. The 12 included studies reported results from 640 children with autism across 44 unique effect sizes. The aggregated effect size, calculated using a robust variance estimation meta-analysis, was 0.357 (p = 0.024), which is a moderate effect size with a statistically significant overall weighted averaged that favored participants who received the ESDM compared to children in control groups, with moderate heterogeneity across studies. This result was largely driven by improvements in cognition (g = 0.412) and language (g = 0.408). There were no significant effects observed for measures of autism symptomology, adaptive behavior, social communication, or restrictive and repetitive behaviors.

scholarly journals Factors influencing the effect of mindfulness-based interventions on diabetes distress: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Guo ◽  
Hongjuan Wang ◽  
Jiaxin Luo ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Yun Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Diabetes Distress ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect

To review the evidence and determine the factors influencing the effect of mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) on diabetes distress. A systematic search of nine databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, VIP Data, SinoMed Data, and Wan Fang Data) was conducted. Randomized controlled trials of MBIs for adults with diabetes that evaluated the effect of the interventions on diabetes distress were retrieved. Meta-analysis was conducted by using Review Manager V.5.3, a Cochrane Collaboration tool. Subgroup analyses were conducted for exploring factors influencing the effect of MBIs on diabetes distress. A total of 10 articles, consisting of eight studies with 649 participants, were included. The results from subgroup analyses on the studies revealed five factors that influenced the effect of MBIs on diabetes distress compared with control group. Participants with elevated baseline diabetes distress showed a moderate effect size of 0.48 of decreasing diabetes distress when receiving MBIs (p=0.005); the MBIs based on mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy alleviated diabetes distress of the participants with a large effect size of 0.58 (p<0.0001); the MBIs delivered in group format decreased the diabetes distress with a moderate effect size of 0.36 (p=0.03); the MBIs with home practice assignment alleviated the diabetes distress with a moderate effect size of 0.42 (p=0.05). The long-term rather than short-term effect of MBIs on diabetes distress reduction has been identified with large effect size of 0.56 (p=0.04). MBIs improve outcomes in adults with diabetes who have elevated diabetes distress at baseline, using mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy, using a group format to deliver the intervention, and assigning home practice. MBIs improve diabetes distress significantly more at long-term follow-up compared with short-term follow-up. MBIs could be considered as an adjunct treatment in adults with diabetes to reduce diabetes distress.

Effects of manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture for lateral epicondylalgia of musculoskeletal origin: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 096452842096736
Author(s):  
Marcos J Navarro-Santana ◽  
Jorge Sanchez-Infante ◽  
Guido F Gómez-Chiguano ◽  
Mike Cummings ◽  
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Small Effect Size ◽  
Lateral Epicondylalgia ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acupuncture/electroacupuncture, alone or combined with other interventions, on pain intensity, pain-related disability, and strength in lateral epicondylalgia (LE) of musculoskeletal origin. Databases and data treatment: Electronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials, where at least one group received acupuncture or electroacupuncture for LE of musculoskeletal origin. To be eligible, trials had to include humans and collect outcomes on pain intensity or pain-related disability in LE. Data were extracted by two reviewers. The risk of bias (RoB) of the trials was assessed using the Cochrane RoB tool, methodological quality was assessed with the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score, and the level of evidence was summarized using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Standardized mean differences (SMDs) using random effects were calculated. Results: A total of 14 trials (10 acupuncture) were included. The meta-analysis found a moderate effect size of acupuncture (SMD = −0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.22 to −0.10), but not electroacupuncture (SMD = −0.08, 95% CI = −0.99 to 0.83), in the reduction of elbow pain as compared to a comparative group. Acupuncture exhibited a significant moderate effect size (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI = −0.91 to −0.11) in the improvement of related-disability. Acupuncture (SMD = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.57), but not electroacupuncture (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI = −0.29 to 0.98), exhibited a significant but small effect size on strength. Most significant effects were in the short term. The RoB was low but the heterogeneity of trial results led to a downgrading of the GRADE evidence level. Conclusion: Low-level evidence suggests positive effects of acupuncture, but not electroacupuncture, for pain, related-disability, and strength, in LE of musculoskeletal origin, in the short term.

Abstract 96: Effects of Exercise on Post-stroke Cognitive Function

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Oberlin ◽  
Julie Bernhardt ◽  
Toby B Cumming ◽  
Anna L Marsland ◽  
Kirk I Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
General Estimate ◽  
Trial Effect ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Intervention Trials

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an updated comprehensive analysis of the extant literature on physical activity (PA) training and cognitive performance post-stroke. We also sought to explore study and sample characteristics that may moderate the effects of PA training on cognition. Methods: We synthesized data from 639 participants included in 13 intervention trials that involved PA training and assessments of neurocognitive function. Intervention effects were represented by Hedges’ g, calculated separately for intervention and control conditions within each trial. Effect size data were subjected to moderation analyses using the between-group heterogeneity (Q B ) test. Data were analyzed using random and mixed-effects approaches. Results: A positive, moderate effect size was observed for PA training on a domain general estimate of global cognition (Hedges’ g [95% Confidence Interval] = 0.56 [0.41; 0.70], p < .001). Furthermore, a mixed-effects analysis indicated that PA training led to significantly greater cognitive gains relative to controls (Q B = 9.26, p = 0.002). Among those that received PA training, performance improvements were observed in all neurocognitive domains assessed, including working memory (Hedges’ g = 0.65 [0.19; 1.12]; p = .006), executive function (Hedges’ g = 0.24 [0.10; 0.38]; p = .001), and attention and processing speed (Hedges’ g = 0.31 [0.10; 0.51]; p = .004). The effects of PA training on cognition were not moderated by intervention length or time from stroke to initiation of the intervention. Conclusions: The effects of PA training on cognition post-stroke are moderate in magnitude, and are apparent across numerous neurocognitive domains. These findings support the application of physical activity training to reduce the burden of cognitive impairment in stroke survivors.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis examining technology-assisted L2 vocabulary learning

ReCALL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Aiqing Yu ◽  
Guy Trainin
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
K 12 ◽  
L2 Vocabulary

Abstract This meta-analysis examines the effectiveness of technology-assisted second language (L2) vocabulary learning as well as identifies factors that may play a role in their effectiveness. We found 34 studies with 2,511 participants yielding 49 separate effect sizes. Following the procedure developed by Hunter and Schmidt (2004), we corrected for sample size bias and measurement error. The overall effect size for using technology to learn L2 vocabulary was d = 0.64, which is a moderate effect size. The Q statistic indicated a significant variability in effect size, so we followed up with a theory-driven moderator analysis. The results of the moderator analysis revealed that learners benefited more from technology-assisted L2 vocabulary learning with incidental instruction than with intentional instruction; types of assessment were not significant moderators of the effect on technology-assisted L2 vocabulary learning; technology-assisted L2 vocabulary learning is more effective when the target language is close to the learner’s first language; college students benefited more from technology-assisted L2 vocabulary learning than K–12 students; and, finally, mobile-assisted L2 vocabulary learning was more effective than computer-assisted L2 vocabulary learning.

scholarly journals Effect of psychotherapy for depression on quality of life: meta-analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 460-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyros Kolovos ◽  
Annet Kleiboer ◽  
Pim Cuijpers
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Depressive Symptom Severity ◽  
Moderate Effect

BackgroundSeveral meta-analyses have shown that psychotherapy is effective for reducing depressive symptom severity. However, the impact on quality of life (QoL) is as yet unknown.AimsTo investigate the effectiveness of psychotherapy for depression on global QoL and on the mental health and physical health components of QoL.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of 44 randomised clinical trials comparing psychotherapy for adults experiencing clinical depression or elevated depressive symptoms with a control group. We used subgroup analyses to explore the influence of various study characteristics on the effectiveness of treatment.ResultsWe detected a small to moderate effect size (Hedges'g= 0.33, 95% CI 0.24–0.42) for global QoL, a moderate effect size for the mental health component (g= 0.42, 95% CI 0.33–0.51) and, after removing an outlier, a small but statistically significant effect size for the physical health component (g= 0.16, 95% CI 0.05–0.27). Multivariate meta-regression analyses showed that the effect size of depressive symptoms was significantly related to the effect size of the mental health component of QoL. The effect size of depressive symptoms was not related to global QoL or the physical health component.ConclusionsPsychotherapy for depression has a positive impact on the QoL of patients with depression. Improvements in QoL are not fully explained by improvements in depressive symptom severity.

scholarly journals Risk factors for the development of delirium in elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery: A systematic review and metaanalysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-103
Author(s):  
Esra Durmayüksel ◽  
◽  
Fadime Çinar ◽  
Bulent Baris Guven ◽  
Fatma Eti Aslan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgery ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
State Examination

Objective. Delirium is a temporary neuropsychiatric syndrome characterized by fluctuations in cognition and attention. Delirium is one of the most common complications seen in old individuals after orthopaedic surgery. With a high incidence, the clinical picture of delirium increases the length of hospital stay and increases healthcare-related costs. This study has aimed to systematically review the national and international studies that investigated the risk factors leading to delirium in geriatric patients after orthopaedic surgery and to perform a meta-analysis using the data reported by those studies. Materials and Methods. A preliminary literature review was performed on six databases. The following English keyword combinations were used including 'Orthopaedic Surgery', 'Geriatrics', 'Elderly', and 'Delirium'. The results of trials were evaluated with random or fixed effect model according to the heterogeneity. Statistical evaluation was performed by using Comprehensive Meta Analysis version 3 programme. Results. The total sample size of the studies included in the analysis was 892. In geriatric patients; who had undergone orthopaedic surgery and developed delirium, the random-effects model revealed a high-level, in the positive direction, and statistically significant (p<0.05) overall effect size of 5.21 (CI; 1.33-20.33) for gender, 1.33 (CI; 0.58-2.06) for age, 11.30 (CI; 4.70-27.12 for polypharmacy, and a low-level, in the positive direction, and statistically significant (p<0.05) overall effect size of 0.12 (CI; 0.05-0.27) for mini-mental state examination as the risk factors leading to the development of delirium. Conclusions. Advanced age, female gender, polypharmacy, and a mini-mental state examination score of 17-23 are major risk factors for the development of delirium after orthopaedic surgery.

The Relationship Between Immorality and Cleansing

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedidiah Siev ◽  
Shelby E. Zuckerman ◽  
Joseph J. Siev
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. In a widely publicized set of studies, participants who were primed to consider unethical events preferred cleansing products more than did those primed with ethical events ( Zhong & Liljenquist, 2006 ). This tendency to respond to moral threat with physical cleansing is known as the Macbeth Effect. Several subsequent efforts, however, did not replicate this relationship. The present manuscript reports the results of a meta-analysis of 15 studies testing this relationship. The weighted mean effect size was small across all studies (g = 0.17, 95% CI [0.04, 0.31]), and nonsignificant across studies conducted in independent laboratories (g = 0.07, 95% CI [−0.04, 0.19]). We conclude that there is little evidence for an overall Macbeth Effect; however, there may be a Macbeth Effect under certain conditions.

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