Abstract 96: Effects of Exercise on Post-stroke Cognitive Function

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E Oberlin ◽  
Julie Bernhardt ◽  
Toby B Cumming ◽  
Anna L Marsland ◽  
Kirk I Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mixed Effects ◽  
General Estimate ◽  
Trial Effect ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Intervention Trials

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide an updated comprehensive analysis of the extant literature on physical activity (PA) training and cognitive performance post-stroke. We also sought to explore study and sample characteristics that may moderate the effects of PA training on cognition. Methods: We synthesized data from 639 participants included in 13 intervention trials that involved PA training and assessments of neurocognitive function. Intervention effects were represented by Hedges’ g, calculated separately for intervention and control conditions within each trial. Effect size data were subjected to moderation analyses using the between-group heterogeneity (Q B ) test. Data were analyzed using random and mixed-effects approaches. Results: A positive, moderate effect size was observed for PA training on a domain general estimate of global cognition (Hedges’ g [95% Confidence Interval] = 0.56 [0.41; 0.70], p < .001). Furthermore, a mixed-effects analysis indicated that PA training led to significantly greater cognitive gains relative to controls (Q B = 9.26, p = 0.002). Among those that received PA training, performance improvements were observed in all neurocognitive domains assessed, including working memory (Hedges’ g = 0.65 [0.19; 1.12]; p = .006), executive function (Hedges’ g = 0.24 [0.10; 0.38]; p = .001), and attention and processing speed (Hedges’ g = 0.31 [0.10; 0.51]; p = .004). The effects of PA training on cognition were not moderated by intervention length or time from stroke to initiation of the intervention. Conclusions: The effects of PA training on cognition post-stroke are moderate in magnitude, and are apparent across numerous neurocognitive domains. These findings support the application of physical activity training to reduce the burden of cognitive impairment in stroke survivors.

scholarly journals Interactive voice response interventions targeting behaviour change: a systematic literature review with meta-analysis and meta-regression

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stergiani Tsoli ◽  
Stephen Sutton ◽  
Aikaterini Kassavou
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Interactive Voice Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Specific Health

ObjectiveA number of promising automated behaviour change interventions have been developed using advanced phone technology. This paper reviewed the effectiveness of interactive voice response (IVR)-based interventions designed to promote changes in specific health behaviours.MethodsA systematic literature review of papers published between January 1990 and September 2017 in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) was conducted. From the total of 2546 papers identified, 15 randomised control trials (RCTs) met the eligibility criteria and were included in a random effects meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was used to explore whether behaviour change techniques (BCTs) that were used in the interventions were associated with intervention effectiveness.ResultsMeta-analysis of 15 RCTs showed that IVR-based interventions had small but significant effects on promoting medication adherence (OR=1.527, 95% CI 1.207 to 1.932, k=9, p=0.000) and physical activity (Hedges’ g=0.254, 95% CI 0.068 to 0.439, k=3, p=0.007). No effects were found for alcohol (Hedges’ g=−0.077, 95% CI −0.162 to 0.007, k=4, p=0.073) or diet (Hedges’ g=0.130, 95% CI −0.088 to 0.347, k=2, p=0.242). In the medication adherence studies, multivariable meta-regression including six BCTs explained 100% of the observed variance in effect size, but only the BCT ‘information about health consequences’ was significantly associated with effect size (β=0.690, SE=0.199, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.08, p=0.000).ConclusionIVR-based interventions appear promising in changing specific health behaviours, such as medication adherence and physical activity. However, more studies are needed to elucidate further the combination of active components of IVR interventions that make them effective and test their feasibility and effectiveness using robust designs and objective outcome measures.

Quiet Eye and Performance in Sport: A Meta-Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Lebeau ◽  
Sicong Liu ◽  
Camilo Sáenz-Moncaleano ◽  
Susana Sanduvete-Chaves ◽  
Salvador Chacón-Moscoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Absolute Duration

Research linking the “quiet eye” (QE) period to subsequent performance has not been systematically synthesized. In this paper we review the literature on the link between the two through nonintervention (Synthesis 1) and intervention (Synthesis 2) studies. In the first synthesis, 27 studies with 38 effect sizes resulted in a large mean effect (d = 1.04) reflecting differences between experts’ and novices’ QE periods, and a moderate effect size (d = 0.58) comparing QE periods for successful and unsuccessful performances within individuals. Studies reporting QE duration as a percentage of the total time revealed a larger mean effect size than studies reporting an absolute duration (in milliseconds). The second synthesis of 9 articles revealed very large effect sizes for both the quiet-eye period (d = 1.53) and performance (d = 0.84). QE also showed some ability to predict performance effects across studies.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mobile Health Interventions Promoting Physical Activity and Lifestyle Interventions to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk Among Individuals With Metabolic Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Sequi-Dominguez ◽  
Celia Alvarez-Bueno ◽  
Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino ◽  
Rubén Fernandez-Rodriguez ◽  
Alicia del Saz Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions

BACKGROUND Physical activity and lifestyle interventions, such as a healthy diet, have been proven to be effective approaches to manage metabolic syndrome. However, these interventions require great commitment from patients and clinicians owing to their economic costs, time consumption, and lack of immediate results. OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effect of mobile-based health interventions for reducing cardiometabolic risk through the promotion of physical activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTdiscus databases were searched for experimental studies evaluating cardiometabolic risk indicators among individuals with metabolic syndrome who were included in technology-assisted physical activity and lifestyle interventions. Effect sizes, pooled mean changes, and their respective 95% CIs were calculated using the DerSimonian and Laird method. Outcomes included the following clinical and biochemical parameters: body composition (waist circumference [WC] and BMI), blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP]), glucose tolerance (fasting plasma glucose [FPG] and glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA<sub>1c</sub>]), and lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], and triglycerides). RESULTS A total of nine studies were included in the meta-analysis. Owing to the scarcity of studies, only pooled mean pre-post changes in the intervention groups were estimated. Significant mean changes were observed for BMI (−1.70 kg/m2, 95% CI −3.20 to −0.20; effect size: −0.46; <i>P</i>=.03), WC (−5.77 cm, 95% CI −9.76 to −1.77; effect size: −0.54; <i>P</i>=.005), SBP (−7.33 mmHg, 95% CI −13.25 to −1.42; effect size: −0.43; <i>P</i>=.02), DBP (−3.90 mmHg, 95% CI −7.70 to −0.11; effect size: −0.44; <i>P</i>=.04), FPG (−3.65 mg/dL, 95% CI −4.79 to −2.51; effect size: −0.39; <i>P</i>&lt;.001), and HDL-C (4.19 mg/dL, 95% CI 2.43-5.95; effect size: 0.23; <i>P</i>&lt;.001). CONCLUSIONS Overall, mobile-based health interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyle changes had a strong positive effect on cardiometabolic risk indicators among individuals with metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, further research is required to compare this approach with usual care in order to support the incorporation of these technologies in health systems. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO CRD42019125461; https://tinyurl.com/y3t4wog4.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of Infants’ Ability to Perceive Audio-Visual Congruence for Speech Sounds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Martin Mikkelsen Cox ◽  
Tamar Keren-Portnoy ◽  
Andreas Roepstorff ◽  
Riccardo Fusaroli
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Robust Regression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Credible Interval ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Visual Matching ◽  
Native Speech ◽  
Speech Information

This paper investigates the extent to which infants can integrate synchronous speech information across different modalities. A meta-analysis of 24 studies reporting 92 separate effect size measures suggests that infants possess a robust ability to perceive audio-visual congruence for speech sounds. Applying a hierarchical Bayesian robust regression model to the data indicates a moderate effect size in a positive direction (0.35, CI [0.21: 0.50]). Moderator analyses suggest that infants’ audio-visual matching ability for speech sounds emerges at an early point in process of language acquisition and remains stable for both native and non-native speech throughout early development. A sensitivity analysis of the meta-analytic data indicates that a moderate publication bias for significant results could shift the lower credible interval to include null effects. Based on these findings, we outline recommendations for new lines of enquiry and suggest ways to improve the replicability of results in future investigations.

scholarly journals The Effects of Including Aerobic Exercise in the Treatment Protocol of Concussions: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sofie De Wandel ◽  
Tracey Sulak ◽  
Darryn S. Willoughby
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background of Study: More research studies are being completed advocating for the use of exercise as an intervention and form of treatment for concussions. However, exercise can include many forms of physical activity, intensities, and durations. This systemic review and meta-analysis focused on the use of aerobic exercise, such as cycling or walking, as an intervention and form of treatment for children and young adults suffering from a concussion. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine if the addition of aerobic exercise to an individual concussion treatment makes a significant difference when compared to treatments using flexibility as a form of physical activity or traditional methods of treatment following guidelines from the 2016 Berlin Consensus Statement on Concussion in Sport. Method: The search conducted for articles generated 472 studies. Out of these, 5 studies were selected based from the inclusion criteria. Results: Aerobic exercise was shown to significantly decrease the absolute risk difference for the development of prolonged post-concussion symptoms in children and adolescents with concussions when compared to those who reported no physical activity. The mean risk difference for the independent variable (IV) was -0.12 with a 95% confidence interval was reported to be -0.17 to -0.07 and an effect size of Z = 4.94 (P < 0.00001). Aerobic exercise was also shown to have an effect on the change in post-concussion symptom scale scores. The mean IV difference was 8.7 with a 95% confidence interval of 2.05 to 14.35 and an effect size of Z=3.02 (p=0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, while there is evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for children and adolescents with a concussion, more studies need to be completed focusing on this age group and the effects of aerobic exercise on concussion recovery.

Abstract 74: An Update on Meta-analysis of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Post-stroke Motor Recovery

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Y Chhatbar ◽  
Steven A Kautz ◽  
Wuwei Feng
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Chronic Stroke ◽  
Motor Recovery ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Summary Effect

Introduction: Prior meta-analyses have demonstrated positive summary effect of tDCS on Fugl-Meyer upper extremity scores (FM-UE) improvement as well as dose-response relationship. With new published manuscripts, we are not sure whether this positive effect still holds. Hypothesis: tDCS leads to better improvements in post-stroke motor recovery when compared to sham, and in a dose-dependent manner. Methods: We identified sham-controlled, randomized studies with ≥5 tDCS sessions from PubMed until July 2015. We derived effect size as standardized mean differences (Hedge’s g) of change scores, defined as FM-UE improvements. We calculated summary effect size by using random effect model, taking any data heterogeneity into account. We plotted current, charge (current х duration), total charge (charge х sessions) and their density counterparts (by dividing each with pad size). To assess the dose-response relationship, inverse-variance-based meta-regression was performed. Results: We identified 9 studies with 234 subjects comparing active stimulation (anodal, cathodal or bihemispheric) with sham stimulation against FM-UE change scores. Stroke patients receiving tDCS improved significantly better than sham (summary Hedge’s g = 0.65, 95% CI = [0.18, 1.13], p = 0.03), with superior results in patients with chronic stroke (average time since stroke >2 years, summary Hedge’s g = 1.11, 95% CI = [0.43, 1.83], p = 0.001) than those with acute stroke (average time since stroke <2 months, summary Hedge’s g = 0.18, 95% CI = [-0.30, 0.66], p = 0.47). Dose-response relationship showed that FM-UE change scores correlated positively with charge density (R2 = 0.20, p = 0.036) and negatively with pad size (smaller the pad, better the effect; R2 = 0.58, p = 0.002). Conclusion: This updated meta-analysis supports that tDCS leads to better improvement in UE motor outcome than with sham, especially in patients with chronic stroke.

School-Based High-Intensity Interval Training Programs for Promoting Physical Activity and Fitness in Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
André Filipe Paulino da Silva Bento ◽  
Luis Carrasco Páez ◽  
Armando Manuel de Mendonça Raimundo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Moderate Effect ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Purpose: This review aimed to evaluate the utility of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs integrated into physical education classes. Method: Searches of electronic databases from January 2008 to March 2020. Inclusion criteria: Applied to adolescents aged 10–19 years; applied in school settings; reported results on physical fitness, physical activity (PA), and motivation; at least for 4 weeks; and randomized controlled trials. Studies with adolescents with physical or intellectual limitations were excluded, as well as other interventions parallel to HIIT. Results: Fourteen studies were included. All works present significant improvements in physical fitness and PA. Improvements in body composition recorded, at most, a moderate effect size. HIIT is presented as a powerful stimulus on cardiorespiratory fitness. Improvements in PA registered, a least, a moderate effect size. Conclusions: HIIT in the school context has great potential in improving physical fitness and PA in adolescents. HIIT efficiency (about 10 min) reflects the wide applicability that these protocols can have in physical education classes and great adaptation to the facilities.

scholarly journals The Effects of the Early Start Denver Model for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Fuller ◽  
Kelsey Oliver ◽  
Sarah F. Vejnoska ◽  
Sally J. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Variance Estimation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Early Start ◽  
Early Start Denver Model ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
Moderate Effect Size

This meta-analysis examined the effects of the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) for young children with autism on developmental outcome measures. The 12 included studies reported results from 640 children with autism across 44 unique effect sizes. The aggregated effect size, calculated using a robust variance estimation meta-analysis, was 0.357 (p = 0.024), which is a moderate effect size with a statistically significant overall weighted averaged that favored participants who received the ESDM compared to children in control groups, with moderate heterogeneity across studies. This result was largely driven by improvements in cognition (g = 0.412) and language (g = 0.408). There were no significant effects observed for measures of autism symptomology, adaptive behavior, social communication, or restrictive and repetitive behaviors.

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