scholarly journals Relationship between depression symptoms and music use: The role of trait affect, music skills, music preferences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Charan Kanagala ◽  
David M. Greenberg ◽  
Thomas Schäfer ◽  
Anna Gabinska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Music Preferences ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Musical Engagement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Music Skills

People across cultures often use music to evoke positive emotions and moods. Yet, some people tend to employ maladaptive strategies such as rumination, avoidant, or social isolation purposes when they listen to music. This maladaptive musical engagement style is linked with depression and poorer well-being. The present research investigated the association between musical engagement strategies, symptoms of depression, trait affect, and musical expertise in a sample of 1,415 Indians (17- 65 years) across four cities and two countries. Participants completed a battery of assessments on trait affect, depression, and musical engagement and music preferences, music skills. Adaptive musical engagement was measured with the healthy music subscale (HM) and maladaptive musical engagement was measured with the unhealthy music subscale (UHM) of the healthy-unhealthy music scale (Saarikallio et al., 2015). All nine symptoms (r=.16, to .30) and sum score (r=.39) of depression, trait negative affect (r=.36) were correlated with UHM. Six symptoms (R2=.18) were predictors of UHM among those suicidal ideation, guilt, and fatigue were the strongest predictors. Engagement with UHM increased the odds of experiencing depression with mild (Odds ratios=1.05 to 1.10), moderate (Odds ratio =1.05 to 1.16), and severe symptomatology (Odds ratios = 1.05 to 1.17). Trait positive affect (r=.29), music hobby (r=.22) correlated with HM. Participants with music skills engaged in HM (d = -.26 to -.36) more than the participants without music skills. Overall the results show that musical engagement either through listening or active participation in musical activities is an indicator for the well-being of the individual. Maladaptive musical engagement is detrimental to mental health. The current study validated the HUMS scale in India, provided a cut-off score based on the sensitivity and specificity in detecting depression by a non-clinical phenomenon, and it can be useful in treating depression with the aid of music-related interventions.

scholarly journals Depression Symptoms Relationship With Music Use: Investigating the Role of Trait Affect, Musical Ability, Music Preferences

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 205920432110572
Author(s):  
Sai Charan Kanagala ◽  
Thomas Schäfer ◽  
David M. Greenberg ◽  
Anna Gabińska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Musical Ability ◽  
Music Preferences ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Musical Engagement ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Music Skills

People across cultures often use music to evoke positive emotions and moods. Yet, some people tend to employ maladaptive strategies such as rumination, avoidant coping, or social isolation when they listen to music. The present research investigated how strongly maladaptive musical engagement is linked with depression and wellbeing in a sample of 1415 Indians (17–65 years) across four cities and two countries. Participants completed a battery of assessments on trait affect, depression, adaptive and maladaptive musical engagement strategies, music preferences, and music skills. 1329 participants were included for analysis. All nine symptoms ( r = .16, to .30) and the sum score of depression ( r = .39), as well as trait negative affect ( r = .36) were correlated with maladaptive music engagement. Six of the symptoms of depression were significant predictors of maladaptive music engagement. Among those, suicidal ideation, worthlessness, and fatigue were the most important. Maladaptive music engagement increased the odds of experiencing all the depression symptoms ( OR = 1.04 to 1.14). Trait positive affect ( r = .29) and having music as a hobby ( r = .22) correlated with adaptive music engagement. Musicians who had been playing an instrument for six years and above had lower levels of maladaptive music engagement ( d = .84). Furthermore, the results show that depression symptoms might have a bidirectional relationship with maladaptive music engagement, with suicidal thoughts being the most important symptom. The current study also validated the Healthy-Unhealthy Music Scale (HUMS; Saarikallio et al., 2015 ) in India and provides a cut-off score based on the sensitivity (.86) and specificity (.66) in identifying people at risk for depression. Overall, the results reveal that socio-demographic factors (age, gender, relationship status, occupation status, geographical location), psychological factors (trait affect, depressive symptoms), and music skills play an important role in engaging with music.

Anticipated and experienced positive affect shape sustainable action in everyday life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Doell ◽  
Beatrice Conte ◽  
Tobias Brosch
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Environmental Actions ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Behavioral Impact ◽  
Sustainable Action

Emotions are powerful drivers of human behavior that may make people aware of the urgency to act to mitigate climate change and provide a motivational basis to engage in sustainable action. However, attempts to leverage emotions via climate communications have yielded unsatisfactory results, with many interventions failing to produce the desired behaviors. Considering emotions as simple behavioral levers without considering differences in the underlying affective mechanisms may not optimally exploit their potential to promote sustainable action. Across two field experiments, here we show that individual predispositions to experience positive emotions in an environmental context (trait affect) predict pro-environmental actions and corresponding shifts in affective states (towards personal as well as witnessed pro-environmental actions). Moreover, trait affect predicts the individual behavioral impact of emotion-based intervention strategies from positive environmental messages. These findings have important implications for the targeted design of affect-based interventions aiming to promote sustainable behavior.

Well-Being at Work

2017 ◽  
pp. 78-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Bayhan Karapinar ◽  
Selin Metin Camgoz
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organizational Consultants

Well-being is defined as individuals' subjective and global judgment whether the individual is experiencing the relative presence of positive emotions, the relative absence of negative emotions, and satisfaction with their life. This chapter addresses individuals' well-being at work, since work composes an important part of individuals' life experiences and has important effects on both employees' and organizations' effectiveness. For this purpose, this book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of well-being with respect to its predictors as well as its outcomes. More specifically, personality factors, job characteristics, and occupational stress are explored in terms of individual and organizational antecedents, whereas job satisfaction and work performance are utilized as outcomes of well-being. This chapter will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and organizational consultants in providing a comprehensive guideline about the implications of well-being at work settings.

Well-Being at Work

2017 ◽  
pp. 538-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Bayhan Karapinar ◽  
Selin Metin Camgoz
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Organizational Consultants

Well-being is defined as individuals' subjective and global judgment whether the individual is experiencing the relative presence of positive emotions, the relative absence of negative emotions, and satisfaction with their life. This chapter addresses individuals' well-being at work, since work composes an important part of individuals' life experiences and has important effects on both employees' and organizations' effectiveness. For this purpose, this book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of well-being with respect to its predictors as well as its outcomes. More specifically, personality factors, job characteristics, and occupational stress are explored in terms of individual and organizational antecedents, whereas job satisfaction and work performance are utilized as outcomes of well-being. This chapter will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and organizational consultants in providing a comprehensive guideline about the implications of well-being at work settings.

Positive emotions boost employee engagement

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Hazelton
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Mental Well Being

Purpose – Highlights the power of positive emotions in helping to build individual and organizational success. Design/methodology/approach – Explores the meaning of positive emotions, how they can be promoted at individual and organizational level and the benefits they can bring to the individual and organization. Findings – Advances the view that positive emotions can benefit physical health, mental well-being and the ability to flourish, creativity, resilience, the mood of others, positive memories and relationships. Practical implications – Argues that the positive emotions of the workforce can improve the organizational culture and improve organizational performance. Social implications – Demonstrates that around three positive emotions are needed to balance out each negative emotion and shows that positive emotions can be stimulated through having new experiences and through acts of kindness and gratitude. Originality/value – Extends psychological thinking on positive emotions to the workforce and workplace.

scholarly journals Music, Brain and Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Ante L. Padjen
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Music Perception ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Music Performance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

Music, like language, is a uniquely human experience, ubiquitous across human cultures and across the human life span.Musical capacity appears early in evolution and it seems to be innate to most of the human population. Neurobiological studies of music perception and music performance profoundly affect the brain, in an acute and chronic way, by modulating networks involved in cognition, sensation, emotion, reward, and movement corresponding to the empirical findings why people listen to music: pleasure, self-awareness, social relatedness, and arousal and mood regulation.Most intriguing is “salutogenic” effect of musical activities, such as instrumental and choral “musicking” (particularly in non-professional musicians), both on the individual level and in populations. Musical training can promote the development of non-musical skills as diverse as language development, attention, visuospatial perception, and executive functions.Music is also a prophylactic resource, it improves the bonding of mother and child. There is a wide range of therapeutic domains and disorders where musical interventions improve the outcome. As an example, familiar music has an exceptional ability to elicit memories, movements, motivation and positive emotions from adults affected by dementia.Considering that one of the most important problems in biomedicine is “understanding what is to be human” then “music should be an essential part of this pursuit” – of an understanding of the whole person. Despite evidence of significant effects of music on health and well-being - music is not well present in current re-humanization of medicine 

scholarly journals Positive Interventions in the Therapy of Schizophrenia Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryla Sawicka ◽  
Agnieszka Żochowska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Psychotherapy ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Positive Experiences ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Positive psychology directs its research interests primarily to healthy people. The most important goal is to build a positive attitude towards yourself and the surrounding world. Recently, positive psychology has set a new area of research interest, which is clinical psychology. In recent years, several positive psychotherapy programs have been developed for people with schizophrenia experience. The article presents the latest trends in positive psychotherapy for people with schizophrenia. They involve taking into account the individual differences of each patient and the specificity of his / her psychopathology. As far as the therapeutic goals are concerned, there are interventions focused on strategies for enhancing positive emotions and wellbeing or the method of activating the strengths of character. Taking into account the methods of therapeutic work, they can be divided into training methods or those of the behavioral-cognitive psychotherapy as well as those that take into account the various aspects of meditation. The article presents the distribution of therapeutic programs in terms of the range of therapeutic goals in which the most important are: intensification of positive experiences, building of strengths of character and well-being. Therapeutic programs have been shown to focus not only on breaking down negative attitudes towards one’s own illness and life, but also on those that try to deal with the unsolved schizophrenia problem - negative symptoms.

scholarly journals Interindividual differences in environmentally relevant positive trait affect impacts sustainable behavior in everyday life

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly C. Doell ◽  
Beatrice Conte ◽  
Tobias Brosch
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Positive Trait ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Environmental Actions ◽  
Sustainable Behavior ◽  
The Individual

AbstractEmotions are powerful drivers of human behavior that may make people aware of the urgency to act to mitigate climate change and provide a motivational basis to engage in sustainable action. However, attempts to leverage emotions via climate communications have yielded unsatisfactory results, with many interventions failing to produce the desired behaviors. It is important to understand the underlying affective mechanisms when designing communications, rather than treating emotions as simple behavioral levers that directly impact behavior. Across two field experiments, we show that individual predispositions to experience positive emotions in an environmental context (trait affect) predict pro-environmental actions and corresponding shifts in affective states (towards personal as well as witnessed pro-environmental actions). Moreover, trait affect predicts the individual behavioral impact of positively valenced emotion-based intervention strategies from environmental messages. These findings have important implications for the targeted design of affect-based interventions aiming to promote sustainable behavior and may be of interest within other domains that utilize similar intervention strategies (e.g., within the health domain).

Emotion regulation in autism: Reappraisal and suppression interactions

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Ying Cai ◽  
Amanda L Richdale ◽  
Cheryl Dissanayake ◽  
Julian Trollor ◽  
Mirko Uljarević
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
The Individual

Emotion regulation has been proposed to be a transdiagnostic factor in the development and maintenance of psychopathology in the general population, yet the nature of the relationships between emotion regulation strategy use and psychological well-being has not been comprehensively explored in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess how the individual differences in self-reported emotion regulation strategy use relate to levels of both positive and negative psychological well-being. In total, 56 individuals with ASD aged 14–24 years (Mage = 18.15; SDage = 2.30) completed Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Dimensional Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and Autism-Spectrum Quotient – Short. Individuals were grouped into four clusters based on their Emotion Regulation Questionnaire subscale scores. Individuals in the high suppression and low reappraisal group expressed higher depressive symptoms and lower positive well-being when compared with the low suppression and high reappraisal group. Interestingly, individuals who self-reported using both high suppression and reappraisal expressed relatively high positive well-being and low depression symptoms. We suggest that the maladaptive effect of habitual suppression usage may be buffered by the habitual use of reappraisal, and this interaction between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategy use has clinical implications.

scholarly journals Understanding Long-Term Trajectories in Web-Based Happiness Interventions: Secondary Analysis From Two Web-Based Randomized Trials (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Sanders ◽  
Stephen M Schueller ◽  
Acacia C Parks ◽  
Ryan T Howell
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Similar Cluster ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND A critical issue in understanding the benefits of Web-based interventions is the lack of information on the sustainability of those benefits. Sustainability in studies is often determined using group-level analyses that might obscure our understanding of who actually sustains change. Person-centric methods might provide a deeper knowledge of whether benefits are sustained and who tends to sustain those benefits. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a person-centric analysis of longitudinal outcomes, examining well-being in participants over the first 3 months following a Web-based happiness intervention. We predicted we would find distinct trajectories in people’s pattern of response over time. We also sought to identify what aspects of the intervention and the individual predicted an individual’s well-being trajectory. METHODS Data were gathered from 2 large studies of Web-based happiness interventions: one in which participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 14 possible 1-week activities (N=912) and another wherein participants were randomly assigned to complete 0, 2, 4, or 6 weeks of activities (N=1318). We performed a variation of K-means cluster analysis on trajectories of life satisfaction (LS) and affect balance (AB). After clusters were identified, we used exploratory analyses of variance and logistic regression models to analyze groups and compare predictors of group membership. RESULTS Cluster analysis produced similar cluster solutions for each sample. In both cases, participant trajectories in LS and AB fell into 1 of 4 distinct groups. These groups were as follows: those with high and static levels of happiness (n=118, or 42.8%, in Sample 1; n=306, or 52.8%, in Sample 2), those who experienced a lasting improvement (n=74, or 26.8% in Sample 1; n=104, or 18.0%, in Sample 2), those who experienced a temporary improvement but returned to baseline (n=37, or 13.4%, in Sample 1; n=82, or 14.2%, in Sample 2), and those with other trajectories (n=47, or 17.0%, in Sample 1; n=87, or 15.0% in Sample 2). The prevalence of depression symptoms predicted membership in 1 of the latter 3 groups. Higher usage and greater adherence predicted sustained rather than temporary benefits. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a few common patterns of change among those completing Web-based happiness interventions. A noteworthy finding was that many individuals began quite happy and maintained those levels. We failed to identify evidence that the benefit of any particular activity or group of activities was more sustainable than any others. We did find, however, that the distressed portion of participants was more likely to achieve a lasting benefit if they continued to practice, and adhere to, their assigned Web-based happiness intervention.

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