scholarly journals Understanding Long-Term Trajectories in Web-Based Happiness Interventions: Secondary Analysis From Two Web-Based Randomized Trials (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A Sanders ◽  
Stephen M Schueller ◽  
Acacia C Parks ◽  
Ryan T Howell
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Similar Cluster ◽  
The Individual

BACKGROUND A critical issue in understanding the benefits of Web-based interventions is the lack of information on the sustainability of those benefits. Sustainability in studies is often determined using group-level analyses that might obscure our understanding of who actually sustains change. Person-centric methods might provide a deeper knowledge of whether benefits are sustained and who tends to sustain those benefits. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to conduct a person-centric analysis of longitudinal outcomes, examining well-being in participants over the first 3 months following a Web-based happiness intervention. We predicted we would find distinct trajectories in people’s pattern of response over time. We also sought to identify what aspects of the intervention and the individual predicted an individual’s well-being trajectory. METHODS Data were gathered from 2 large studies of Web-based happiness interventions: one in which participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 14 possible 1-week activities (N=912) and another wherein participants were randomly assigned to complete 0, 2, 4, or 6 weeks of activities (N=1318). We performed a variation of K-means cluster analysis on trajectories of life satisfaction (LS) and affect balance (AB). After clusters were identified, we used exploratory analyses of variance and logistic regression models to analyze groups and compare predictors of group membership. RESULTS Cluster analysis produced similar cluster solutions for each sample. In both cases, participant trajectories in LS and AB fell into 1 of 4 distinct groups. These groups were as follows: those with high and static levels of happiness (n=118, or 42.8%, in Sample 1; n=306, or 52.8%, in Sample 2), those who experienced a lasting improvement (n=74, or 26.8% in Sample 1; n=104, or 18.0%, in Sample 2), those who experienced a temporary improvement but returned to baseline (n=37, or 13.4%, in Sample 1; n=82, or 14.2%, in Sample 2), and those with other trajectories (n=47, or 17.0%, in Sample 1; n=87, or 15.0% in Sample 2). The prevalence of depression symptoms predicted membership in 1 of the latter 3 groups. Higher usage and greater adherence predicted sustained rather than temporary benefits. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a few common patterns of change among those completing Web-based happiness interventions. A noteworthy finding was that many individuals began quite happy and maintained those levels. We failed to identify evidence that the benefit of any particular activity or group of activities was more sustainable than any others. We did find, however, that the distressed portion of participants was more likely to achieve a lasting benefit if they continued to practice, and adhere to, their assigned Web-based happiness intervention.

scholarly journals Gamification and Adherence to Web-Based Mental Health Interventions: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menna Brown ◽  
Noelle O'Neill ◽  
Hugo van Woerden ◽  
Parisa Eslambolchilar ◽  
Matt Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Program Adherence ◽  
Usage Data

Background Adherence to effective Web-based interventions for common mental disorders (CMDs) and well-being remains a critical issue, with clear potential to increase effectiveness. Continued identification and examination of “active” technological components within Web-based interventions has been called for. Gamification is the use of game design elements and features in nongame contexts. Health and lifestyle interventions have implemented a variety of game features in their design in an effort to encourage engagement and increase program adherence. The potential influence of gamification on program adherence has not been examined in the context of Web-based interventions designed to manage CMDs and well-being. Objective This study seeks to review the literature to examine whether gaming features predict or influence reported rates of program adherence in Web-based interventions designed to manage CMDs and well-being. Methods A systematic review was conducted of peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) designed to manage CMDs or well-being and incorporated gamification features. Seven electronic databases were searched. Results A total of 61 RCTs met the inclusion criteria and 47 different intervention programs were identified. The majority were designed to manage depression using cognitive behavioral therapy. Eight of 10 popular gamification features reviewed were in use. The majority of studies utilized only one gamification feature (n=58) with a maximum of three features. The most commonly used feature was story/theme. Levels and game leaders were not used in this context. No studies explicitly examined the role of gamification features on program adherence. Usage data were not commonly reported. Interventions intended to be 10 weeks in duration had higher mean adherence than those intended to be 6 or 8 weeks in duration. Conclusions Gamification features have been incorporated into the design of interventions designed to treat CMD and well-being. Further research is needed to improve understanding of gamification features on adherence and engagement in order to inform the design of future Web-based health interventions in which adherence to treatment is of concern. Conclusions were limited by varied reporting of adherence and usage data.

Applying the RISE Model of Resilience in Partners Post-Stroke: A Qualitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda A Anderson ◽  
Corinne Buffo ◽  
Dana Ketcher ◽  
Hop Nguyen ◽  
Justin J MacKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Illness ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Resilience is dynamic and influenced by internal and external factors. In persons with chronic illness and/or disability, resilience is viewed as the ability to adapt to new life circumstances. Existing models of resilience typically focus on the absence of deficit and pathology in the individual, overlooking resources, well-being, and broader social impacts. Our proposed novel Relational, Intrapersonal, Social and Environmental (RISE) Model of resilience incorporates and describes the interconnection and influence of constructs that impact resilience and affect the quality of life. Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the fit of the RISE Model against original interview data obtained from persons with stroke and their partners. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected from post-intervention interviews that were part of an intervention pilot study designed to promote resilience in couples coping with stroke. Interviews were coded to examine relationships between RISE Model constructs. Results The study included 36 interviews from 18 cohabitating couples; mean participant age was 53.33 years (SD ±14.70). Examples of each construct within the RISE Model appeared in transcribed interviews and common patterns of co-occurring constructs were identified. Conclusion The constructs within the RISE Model were supported by the interviews. The impact of disability does not remain confined to a single individual and instead branches out into the broader social context, including close interpersonal relationships. A deeper understanding of resilience and its relationship with intrapersonal, interpersonal and socio-ecological constructs would add value to our understanding and fostering of resilience in persons with disabilities and/or chronic illness. Clinical Trial information NCT03335358.

scholarly journals Relationship between depression symptoms and music use: The role of trait affect, music skills, music preferences

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Charan Kanagala ◽  
David M. Greenberg ◽  
Thomas Schäfer ◽  
Anna Gabinska
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Music Preferences ◽  
Trait Affect ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Musical Engagement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Music Skills

People across cultures often use music to evoke positive emotions and moods. Yet, some people tend to employ maladaptive strategies such as rumination, avoidant, or social isolation purposes when they listen to music. This maladaptive musical engagement style is linked with depression and poorer well-being. The present research investigated the association between musical engagement strategies, symptoms of depression, trait affect, and musical expertise in a sample of 1,415 Indians (17- 65 years) across four cities and two countries. Participants completed a battery of assessments on trait affect, depression, and musical engagement and music preferences, music skills. Adaptive musical engagement was measured with the healthy music subscale (HM) and maladaptive musical engagement was measured with the unhealthy music subscale (UHM) of the healthy-unhealthy music scale (Saarikallio et al., 2015). All nine symptoms (r=.16, to .30) and sum score (r=.39) of depression, trait negative affect (r=.36) were correlated with UHM. Six symptoms (R2=.18) were predictors of UHM among those suicidal ideation, guilt, and fatigue were the strongest predictors. Engagement with UHM increased the odds of experiencing depression with mild (Odds ratios=1.05 to 1.10), moderate (Odds ratio =1.05 to 1.16), and severe symptomatology (Odds ratios = 1.05 to 1.17). Trait positive affect (r=.29), music hobby (r=.22) correlated with HM. Participants with music skills engaged in HM (d = -.26 to -.36) more than the participants without music skills. Overall the results show that musical engagement either through listening or active participation in musical activities is an indicator for the well-being of the individual. Maladaptive musical engagement is detrimental to mental health. The current study validated the HUMS scale in India, provided a cut-off score based on the sensitivity and specificity in detecting depression by a non-clinical phenomenon, and it can be useful in treating depression with the aid of music-related interventions.

scholarly journals The Influence of Illness Perception, Anxiety and Depression Disorders on Students Mental Health during COVID-19 Outbreak in Pakistan: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aqeel ◽  
Kanwar Hamza Shuja ◽  
Jaffar Abbas ◽  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Arash Ziapour
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Depression Disorders

Abstract Background: Since the emergence of a coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in December 2019, the whole world is in a state of chaos. Isolation strategy with quarantine is a useful model in controlling transmission and rapid spread. As a result, people remained at homes and disrupted their outside daily activities. It led to the closure of educational institutes, which is a source of many students to cope with numerous personal and familial issues. This study focuses on exploring the relationships and potential mediational pathways between mental health problems, illness perception, anxiety, and depression disorders.Method: The study incorporated snowball sampling techniques through a cross-sectional, web-based survey and recruited 500 students from different public and private universities from twin cities, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad from March 23 to April 15, 2020, during the coronavirus outbreak lockdown. The study used four instruments, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, and The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale for assessing depression, anxiety, illness perception, and mental health disorders.Results: The findings indicated normal (43.2%) mild (20.5%), moderate (13.6%), and severe (22.7%) level of anxiety prevalence in students. Results specified a normal (65.9%), mild (9.10%), moderate (9.12%), and severe (15.90%) depression prevalence, and findings stipulated that anxiety disorder prevalence was higher than the depression disorder. The correlational results specified a negative and significant relationship between mental health, illness perception, anxiety, and depression symptoms. The multiple regression analysis stated that anxiety and depression disorders mediated the relationship between mental health and present illness perception. The perception of illness exhibited a relation to depression and anxiety disorders.Conclusion: The study proposed a model to address mental health problems during the lockdown. The (2019-nCoV) illness perception developed mental disorders, including anxiety and depression, which has declined individuals' mental health. There is an urgent need for ongoing clinical examination and management to address psychological disorders, and findings suggest assessing mental health to combatting the pandemic worldwide. Findings recommend developing strategies to promote mental healthcare facilities during COVID-19 wide-ranging disasters. These results highlight the impending importance of devising strategies to treat mental health problems.

scholarly journals Idiographic network models of social media use and depression symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Rodriguez ◽  
George Aalbers ◽  
Richard J. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
The Impact

Disentangling the impact of social media use on our well-being is a priority for psychological research. Numerous studies indicate that active social media use (ASMU) tends to enhance well-being, whereas passive social media use (PSMU) undermines it. However, such research has conducted analyses at the group-level, thus potentially obscuring individual differences. In this study, we examined person-centered relationships between social media use and depression symptoms by using a secondary analysis of a publicly available experience sampling dataset (Aalbers et al., 2019). Dutch undergraduate students (N = 125) reported PSMU, ASMU, and depression symptoms 7 times daily for 14 days. We (a) visualized interindividual variability in temporal associations between social media use and individual depression symptoms, (b) compared the aggregate network model to idiographic models, and (c) determined the distribution of person-specific temporal associations between PSMU, ASMU, and depression symptoms. Overall, we found that associations between social media use and depression symptoms differed substantially from individual to individual in both strength and kind. In addition, PSMU and ASMU were very weakly to weakly associated with depression symptoms for most individuals. Future work should examine the differential impact that social media have on our well-being, and how their effects may differ depending on our demographic characteristics, personality traits, and usage patterns.

scholarly journals Understanding Well-Being in Multi-Levels: A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. W. Ng ◽  
A. T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

Well-being is not only an emerging research agenda, but also a critical issue concerning the individual as well as the societal development, because how the issue is viewed has a huge theoretical as well as practical, even policy, implication. In academic, while some argue that well-being is in the subjective perception of one’s life or psychological functioning, others argue that well-being is in the objective conditions and the broader environment. This paper, drawing on psychology tradition, tries to go beyond the dichotomy of well-being as either an individual attribute or external conditions. Instead, this article acknowledges the multi-levels of well-being are closely tied and should be taken into accounts when well-being is concerned. We will provide a brief review of the two major approaches – subjective well-being and quality of life – of well-being before the multi-level approach is introduced. The strength and challenges of the multilevel approach will be discussed.

Exploring the individual patterns of spiritual well-being in people newly diagnosed with advanced cancer: a cluster analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2765-2773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Bai ◽  
Jane Dixon ◽  
Anna-leila Williams ◽  
Sangchoon Jeon ◽  
Mark Lazenby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Are children with unrecognised psychiatric disorders being excluded from school? A secondary analysis of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health Surveys 2004 and 2007

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 2561-2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Parker ◽  
María Tejerina-Arreal ◽  
William Henley ◽  
Robert Goodman ◽  
Stuart Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adolescent Mental Health ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Impact Supplement ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited research that explores the association between exclusion from school and mental health, but it seems intuitively plausible that the recognition of mental difficulties by key teachers and parents would influence the likelihood of exclusion from school.MethodsA secondary analysis of the British Child and Adolescent Mental Health survey 2004, (n = 7997) and the 2007 follow-up (n = 5326) was conducted. Recognition of difficulty was assessed via a derived variable that combined the first item of the Impact supplement of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire which asked parents and teachers if they thought that the child has difficulties with emotions, behaviour and concentration, and the presence/absence of psychiatric disorder measured by the Development and Well-being Assessment.ResultsAdjusted logistic regression models demonstrated that children with recognised difficulties were more likely to be excluded [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.78, confidence interval 3.45–9.64, p < 0.001], but children with unrecognised difficulties [adjusted OR 3.58 (1.46–8.81) p < 0.005] or recognised subclinical difficulties [adjusted OR 3.42 (2.04–5.73) p < 0.001] were also more likely to be excluded than children with no difficulties. Children with conduct disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were most likely to be excluded compared with other types of disorder.ConclusionExclusion from school may result from a failure to provide timely and effective support rather than a failure to recognise psychopathology.

Emotion regulation in autism: Reappraisal and suppression interactions

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Ying Cai ◽  
Amanda L Richdale ◽  
Cheryl Dissanayake ◽  
Julian Trollor ◽  
Mirko Uljarević
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Strategy Use ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategy ◽  
The Individual

Emotion regulation has been proposed to be a transdiagnostic factor in the development and maintenance of psychopathology in the general population, yet the nature of the relationships between emotion regulation strategy use and psychological well-being has not been comprehensively explored in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess how the individual differences in self-reported emotion regulation strategy use relate to levels of both positive and negative psychological well-being. In total, 56 individuals with ASD aged 14–24 years (Mage = 18.15; SDage = 2.30) completed Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Dimensional Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and Autism-Spectrum Quotient – Short. Individuals were grouped into four clusters based on their Emotion Regulation Questionnaire subscale scores. Individuals in the high suppression and low reappraisal group expressed higher depressive symptoms and lower positive well-being when compared with the low suppression and high reappraisal group. Interestingly, individuals who self-reported using both high suppression and reappraisal expressed relatively high positive well-being and low depression symptoms. We suggest that the maladaptive effect of habitual suppression usage may be buffered by the habitual use of reappraisal, and this interaction between adaptive and maladaptive emotion regulation strategy use has clinical implications.

scholarly journals Elder Abuse During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence, Risk, and Protective Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 73-73
Author(s):  
E-Shien Chang ◽  
Becca Levy
Keyword(s):  
Older Persons ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

Abstract It has been assumed that the pandemic has brought with it a surge in elder abuse due to heightened health and interpersonal stressors. However, empirical evidence is lacking. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of, and risk and resilience factors of elder abuse during the pandemic. In a web-based survey of a socio-demographically diverse sample of 897 older persons, one in five older persons (n = 191; 21%) reported elder abuse, an increase of 84% from prevalence estimates before the pandemic. In the multivariate logistic regression models, sense of community was a persistent protective factor for elder abuse (OR= 0.89, 95% CI 0.85–0.93). At the relational level, physical distancing was associated with reduced risk of elder abuse (OR= 0.94, 95% CI 0.90–0.98). At the individual level, financial strain was associated with increased risk of abuse (OR= 1.08, 95% CI: 1.02–1.14). Implications for prevention strategies will be discussed.

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