A preliminary study of gray matter volume differences related to context-dependent and independent decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Jinbo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Decision Styles ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
Independent Decision

Facing the high degree of uncertainty of the environment, we have evolved two kinds of decision-making styles: context-dependent and context-independent decision. However, the underlying neural basis of these two kinds of decision styles was mostly unknown. Here, the cognitive bias task was applied to split participants into the context-independent decision-maker and context-dependent decision-maker based on the cognitive bias task scores. Then, we used voxel-based morphometry to directly investigate its underlying differences in gray matter volume. We found that the gray matter volume of the prefrontal cortex and parietal regions, such as inferior parietal lobule, was larger in context-dependent decision-makers than that of the context-independent decision-maker.

scholarly journals Deficient Decision Making in Pathological Gamblers Correlates With Gray Matter Volume in Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Freinhofer ◽  
Philipp Schwartenbeck ◽  
Natasha Thon ◽  
Tina Eigenberger ◽  
Wolfgang Aichhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Regional Gray Matter Volume Identifies High Risk of Unsafe Driving in Healthy Older People

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuharu Yamamoto ◽  
Bun Yamagata ◽  
Jinichi Hirano ◽  
Ryo Ueda ◽  
Hiroshi Yoshitake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Older Drivers ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Cognitively Normal ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Right

In developed countries, the number of traffic accidents caused by older drivers is increasing. Approximately half of the older drivers who cause fatal accidents are cognitively normal. Thus, it is important to identify older drivers who are cognitively normal but at high risk of causing fatal traffic accidents. However, no standardized method for assessing the driving ability of older drivers has been established. We aimed to establish an objective assessment of driving ability and to clarify the neural basis of unsafe driving in healthy older people. We enrolled 32 healthy older individuals aged over 65 years and classified unsafe drivers using an on-road driving test. We then utilized a machine learning approach to distinguish unsafe drivers from safe drivers based on clinical features and gray matter volume data. Twenty-one participants were classified as safe drivers and 11 participants as unsafe drivers. A linear support vector machine classifier successfully distinguished unsafe drivers from safe drivers with 87.5% accuracy (sensitivity of 63.6% and specificity of 100%). Five parameters (age and gray matter volume in four cortical regions, including the left superior part of the precentral sulcus, the left sulcus intermedius primus [of Jensen], the right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus, and the right superior frontal sulcus), were consistently selected as features for the final classification model. Our findings indicate that the cortical regions implicated in voluntary orienting of attention, decision making, and working memory may constitute the essential neural basis of driving behavior.

Gray matter volume and rapid decision-making in major depressive disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Nakano ◽  
Koji Matsuo ◽  
Mami Nakashima ◽  
Toshio Matsubara ◽  
Kenichiro Harada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Major Thought Restructuring: The Roles of Different Prefrontal Cortical Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Seyed-Allaei ◽  
Zahra Nasiri Avanaki ◽  
Bahador Bahrami ◽  
Tim Shallice
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cognitive Restructuring ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Prefrontal Cortical ◽  
Morphometry Analysis ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
The Right

An important question for understanding the neural basis of problem solving is whether the regions of human prefrontal cortices play qualitatively different roles in the major cognitive restructuring required to solve difficult problems. However, investigating this question using neuroimaging faces a major dilemma: either the problems do not require major cognitive restructuring, or if they do, the restructuring typically happens once, rendering repeated measurements of the critical mental process impossible. To circumvent these problems, young adult participants were challenged with a one-dimensional Subtraction (or Nim) problem [Bouton, C. L. Nim, a game with a complete mathematical theory. The Annals of Mathematics, 3, 35–39, 1901] that can be tackled using two possible strategies. One, often used initially, is effortful, slow, and error-prone, whereas the abstract solution, once achieved, is easier, quicker, and more accurate. Behaviorally, success was strongly correlated with sex. Using voxel-based morphometry analysis controlling for sex, we found that participants who found the more abstract strategy (i.e., Solvers) had more gray matter volume in the anterior medial, ventrolateral prefrontal, and parietal cortices compared with those who never switched from the initial effortful strategy (i.e., Explorers). Removing the sex covariate showed higher gray matter volume in Solvers (vs. Explorers) in the right ventrolateral prefrontal and left parietal cortex.

ZNF804Avariants confer risk for heroin addiction and affect decision making and gray matter volume in heroin abusers

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 657-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Li-Yan Zhao ◽  
Gui-Bin Wang ◽  
Wei-Hua Yue ◽  
Yong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Heroin Abusers

Gray matter volume reduction reflects chronic pain in trigeminal neuralgia

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Obermann ◽  
R Rodriguez-Raecke ◽  
S Nägel ◽  
D Holle ◽  
N Theysohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Matter Volume
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