scholarly journals Top Down or Bottom Up? Evidence From the Longitudinal Development of Global and Domain-Specific Self-Esteem in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Rentzsch ◽  
Michela Schröder-Abé
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Practical Implications

Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a 4-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, Range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of “vertical” associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory.

Stability and Change in Domain–Specific Self–Esteem and Global Self–Esteem

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Rentzsch ◽  
Michela Schröder–Abé
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Latent Variable Approach

A notable uptick of interest in the stability of self–esteem has been observed over the past few years. Most researchers, however, have focused on unidimensional rather than multidimensional conceptualizations of self–esteem. The paucity of empirical research is surprising given conflicting theoretical perspectives on the stability of self–esteem. The goal of the present study was to thoroughly disentangle different conceptualizations of self–esteem and test opposing classical theories on (i) the stability and (ii) the direction of mutual influence of these different forms of self–esteem. We analysed two–year longitudinal data from participants ( N = 644 at T1, N = 241 at T2) with an average age of 47.0 years ( SD = 12.4). Analyses using a latent variable approach revealed that the domains of self–esteem were relatively stable in terms of rank order and mean levels. In fact, the size of the stability coefficients was comparable to that of other trait measures that have been reported in the literature and paralleled the stability observed for global self–esteem. Results did not provide support for either top–down or bottom–up effects between domain–specific and global self–esteem. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications regarding the stability and development of self–esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of self–esteem in personality theory. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

Person-Environment Transactions During Emerging Adulthood

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Sturaro ◽  
Jaap J.A. Denissen ◽  
Marcel A.G. van Aken ◽  
Jens B. Asendorpf
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
The Stability

Personality (Big Five and self-esteem) effects on social relationship quality (perceived support and conflict) and vice versa were longitudinally studied during emerging adulthood. Rank-order stability correlations of personality and social relationship quality were investigated. Subsequently, the mechanisms that may underlie personality development across emerging adulthood were examined. Results from path analyses showed that social relationship quality at the age of 17 years, in particular perceived conflict, predicted change in personality from the age of 17 years to 23 years, while the reverse pattern was not found. These findings indicated that, during emerging adulthood, personality may still be in flux, and, despite its higher stability as compared to the stability of social relationship quality, may be influenced by the environment.

scholarly journals Domain-Specific Expectations in Music Segmentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Silva ◽  
Carolina Dias ◽  
São Luís Castro
Keyword(s):  
Natural Speech ◽  
Acoustic Cues ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Instruction Group ◽  
Ambiguous Stimuli

The acoustic cues that guide the assignment of phrase boundaries in music (pauses and pitch movements) overlap with those that are known for speech prosody. Based on this, researchers have focused on highlighting the similarities and neural resources shared between music and speech prosody segmentation. The possibility that music-specific expectations add to acoustic cues in driving the segmentation of music into phrases could weaken this bottom-up view, but it remains underexplored. We tested for domain-specific expectations in music segmentation by comparing the segmentation of the same set of ambiguous stimuli under two different instructions: stimuli were either presented as speech prosody or as music. We measured how segmentation differed, in each instruction group, from a common reference (natural speech); thus, focusing on how instruction affected delexicalization effects (natural speech vs. transformed versions with no phonetic content) on segmentation. We saw interactions between delexicalization and instruction on most segmentation indices, suggesting that there is a music mode, different from a speech prosody mode in segmentation. Our findings highlight the importance of top-down influences in segmentation, and they contribute to rethinking the analogy between music and speech prosody.

Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Types of Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mencl ◽  
Louis Tay ◽  
Catherine E. Schwoerer ◽  
Fritz Drasgow
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Qualitative Change ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Sales Training ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
General Self Efficacy

In this research, the authors present theoretical explanations for quantitative and qualitative types of changes to evaluate the malleability of general self-efficacy (GSE) and specific self-efficacy (SSE) measures due to domain-specific training. First, the authors hypothesize that the change in the GSE measure due to sales training is a quantitative mean-difference (alpha) change. Second, they hypothesize that the change in SSE due to sales training is a qualitative (beta or gamma) change. Results of latent variable cross-lagged analysis on sales trainee data ( N = 417) support the authors’ hypothesis that the difference in GSE was quantitative. Findings also provide partial support of the second hypothesis that a change in a SSE measure was qualitative. The qualitative change is attributed to the novelty and complexity of the particular SSE tasks (i.e., direct selling). Additional analysis of rank-order consistency further validates the measures and demonstrates the GSE measure was consistent before and after training whereas the SSE scales were not as consistent. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Trends in air Pollution: The Use of Mosses as Biomonitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Olawale Abulude ◽  
Ebenezer Alaba Adeoya ◽  
Smart Adeleye Olubayode ◽  
Samuel Dare Oluwagbayide ◽  
Damodharan Usha
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Pollution ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Living Things ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Trends ◽  
The Universe

Air pollution is a major concern throughout the universe due to the effects on living and non-living things. Before an area is said to be polluted, there is the need to carry out a bottom-up or top-down assessment of the environment. Mosses have been widely employed as cheap bioindicators of atmospheric pollution. It reduces the time-frame spent in monitoring and the results are reliable. Several types of research have been undertaken on the spatial and temporal trends in air pollution using mosses. This paper explained what moss is, discussed the cost of biomonitoring using a moss, mapping, and researches undertaken on mosses as bioindicators.

scholarly journals Top-down, bottom-up or outside-in? An examination of triadic mechanisms on firm innovation in Chinese firms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhou ◽  
Guangjian Liu ◽  
Xiaoxi Chang ◽  
Ying Hong
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
High Involvement ◽  
Bureaucratic Structure ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract This paper examines the influence of the interaction of three sources of innovation, namely, top-down (bureaucratic structure), bottom-up (high-involvement HRM) and outside-in (outreaching network), on two stages of firm innovation, i.e. invention and commercialization. Using data from 620 large Chinese companies, we found that there was a synergy between the bureaucratic structure and a high-involvement HRM system in influencing firm innovation. Social networks were most effective in promoting firm innovation in the presence of a high-involvement HRM system. The bureaucratic structure inhibited social networks in contributing to firm innovation. Ideas for future research and practical implications are discussed.

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Implementation Research: a Critical Analysis and Suggested Synthesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Sabatier
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The Past

AbstractThis paper first reviews the implementation literature of the past fifteen years, with particular emphasis on the relative strengths and weaknesses of the ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches. It also argues that the 4–6 year time-frame used in most implementation research misses many critical features of public policy-making. The paper then outlines a conceptual framework for examining policy change over a 10–20 year period which combines the best features of the ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches with insights from other literatures.

scholarly journals ENRICHMENT AND POPULATION OF A GEOSPATIAL ONTOLOGY FOR SEMANTIC INFORMATION EXTRACTION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4 ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kokla ◽  
V. Papadias ◽  
E. Tomai
Keyword(s):  
Information Extraction ◽  
Semantic Information ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
User Generated Content ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Geospatial Ontology

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The massive amount of user-generated content available today presents a new challenge for the geospatial domain and a great opportunity to delve into linguistic, semantic, and cognitive aspects of geographic information. Ontology-based information extraction is a new, prominent field in which a domain ontology guides the extraction process and the identification of pre-defined concepts, properties, and instances from natural language texts. The paper describes an approach for enriching and populating a geospatial ontology using both a top-down and a bottom-up approach in order to enable semantic information extraction. The top-down approach is applied in order to incorporate knowledge from existing ontologies. The bottom-up approach is applied in order to enrich and populate the geospatial ontology with semantic information (concepts, relations, and instances) extracted from domain-specific web content.</p>

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