Person-Environment Transactions During Emerging Adulthood

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Sturaro ◽  
Jaap J.A. Denissen ◽  
Marcel A.G. van Aken ◽  
Jens B. Asendorpf
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Perceived Support ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Reverse Pattern ◽  
The Stability

Personality (Big Five and self-esteem) effects on social relationship quality (perceived support and conflict) and vice versa were longitudinally studied during emerging adulthood. Rank-order stability correlations of personality and social relationship quality were investigated. Subsequently, the mechanisms that may underlie personality development across emerging adulthood were examined. Results from path analyses showed that social relationship quality at the age of 17 years, in particular perceived conflict, predicted change in personality from the age of 17 years to 23 years, while the reverse pattern was not found. These findings indicated that, during emerging adulthood, personality may still be in flux, and, despite its higher stability as compared to the stability of social relationship quality, may be influenced by the environment.

The Development of Implicit Self-Esteem During Emerging Adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 835-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Wang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Hairong Song ◽  
Mingzheng Wu ◽  
Huajian Cai
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
First Year ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
First Order ◽  
The University

Emerging adulthood is one of the most important life stages for self and identity development. The present research tracked the development of implicit self-esteem during emerging adulthood at both the group and individual levels. We used the implicit association test to assess implicit self-esteem with the improved D score as the index. We surveyed 327 students each year from the beginning of their first year of university until their graduation, with an extra assessment run in the middle of the first year. First-order autoregressive structural equation modeling indicated that implicit self-esteem remained quite stable during the university years in terms of rank-order stability. Latent growth modeling showed that implicit self-esteem decreased slightly during the university years with females initially manifesting a higher level. These findings enrich our understanding of implicit self-esteem and its development as well as self-construction during emerging adulthood.

Stability and Change in Domain–Specific Self–Esteem and Global Self–Esteem

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Rentzsch ◽  
Michela Schröder–Abé
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Variable Approach ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Latent Variable Approach

A notable uptick of interest in the stability of self–esteem has been observed over the past few years. Most researchers, however, have focused on unidimensional rather than multidimensional conceptualizations of self–esteem. The paucity of empirical research is surprising given conflicting theoretical perspectives on the stability of self–esteem. The goal of the present study was to thoroughly disentangle different conceptualizations of self–esteem and test opposing classical theories on (i) the stability and (ii) the direction of mutual influence of these different forms of self–esteem. We analysed two–year longitudinal data from participants ( N = 644 at T1, N = 241 at T2) with an average age of 47.0 years ( SD = 12.4). Analyses using a latent variable approach revealed that the domains of self–esteem were relatively stable in terms of rank order and mean levels. In fact, the size of the stability coefficients was comparable to that of other trait measures that have been reported in the literature and paralleled the stability observed for global self–esteem. Results did not provide support for either top–down or bottom–up effects between domain–specific and global self–esteem. These findings have important theoretical and practical implications regarding the stability and development of self–esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of self–esteem in personality theory. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Top Down or Bottom Up? Evidence From the Longitudinal Development of Global and Domain-Specific Self-Esteem in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Rentzsch ◽  
Michela Schröder-Abé
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Practical Implications

Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a 4-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, Range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of “vertical” associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory.

Continuity and Change in Self-Esteem During Emerging Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne M. Chung ◽  
Richard W. Robins ◽  
Kali H. Trzesniewski ◽  
Brent W. Roberts ◽  
Erik E. Noftle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Continuity And Change

Models of Personality Development in Emerging Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 2 reviews research and theory on the life story and its development and relations to other aspects of personality. The authors introduce the integrative framework of McAdams and Pals, who described three levels in a broad model of personality: personality traits; personal goals, values, and projects; and the unique life story, which provides a degree of unity and purpose to the individual’s life. This narrative, which develops in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, as individuals become able to author their own stories, includes key scenes of emotional and personal importance to provide a sense of continuity, while remaining flexible and dynamic in incorporating changes in the self over time. The chapter ends with a description of Alison, an emerging adult from our Canadian Futures Study, who illustrates these levels and what they tell about personality development during this period.

scholarly journals A Sequential Path Model Testing: Emotional Intelligence, Resilient Coping and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms during Unemployment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
María Angeles Peláez-Fernández ◽  
Lourdes Rey ◽  
Natalio Extremera
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Path Analyses ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The unemployment rate has dramatically increased in southern Europe in the last decade. Although it is well-known that unemployment impairs mental health, the specific roles of personal resources like emotional intelligence (EI) and potential underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Prior studies have shown that resilience and self-esteem are mediators in the link between EI and mental health. The present study aims to bridge these gaps by testing a sequential path model. Specifically, we propose that EI is associated with lower depressive symptoms, which is explained by higher resilient coping strategies and a resulting increased self-esteem among unemployed individuals. A sample of Spanish unemployed persons completed measures of EI, resilience, self-esteem and depression. The results showed that higher levels of EI were positively associated with resilience and self-esteem and negatively related to depressive symptoms. Path analyses showed that resilience and self-esteem mediated the relation between EI and depression in sequence. These findings suggest that EI plays a key role in promoting mental health and provide preliminary evidence regarding potential mechanisms through which EI contributes to mental health during unemployment. Implications for assessing the absence of these positive resources in developing effective job search programs geared toward promoting mental health and re-employment are discussed.

Correlated personality change across time and age

2021 ◽  
pp. 089020702110140
Author(s):  
Gabriel Olaru ◽  
Mathias Allemand
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Personality Change ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan

The goal of this study was to examine differential and correlated change in personality across the adult lifespan. Studying differential and correlated change can help understand whether intraindividual trait change trajectories deviate from the norm and how these trajectories are coupled with each other. We used data from two large longitudinal panel studies from the United States that covered a total age range of 20 to 95 years on the first measurement occasion. We used correlated factor models and bivariate latent change score models to examine the rank-order stability and correlations between change across three measurement waves covering 18 years ( N = 3250) and four measurement waves covering 12 years ( N = 4145). We examined the moderation effects of continuous age on these model parameters using local structural equation modeling. The results suggest that the test–retest correlations decrease with increasing time between measurements but are unaffected by participants’ age. We found that change processes in Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness were strongly related, particularly in late adulthood. Correlated change patterns were highly stable across time intervals and similar to the initial cross-sectional Big Five correlations. We discuss potential mechanisms and implications for personality development research.

Subjective social class, perceived quality of social relationships, and happiness: A case of mediation and moderation across gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-335
Author(s):  
Jae-Woo Kim ◽  
Chaeyoon Lim ◽  
Christina Falci
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Subjective Social Class

This study investigates the link between social relationship and subjective well-being in the context of social stratification. The authors examine how perceived quality of social relationships and subjective social class are linked to self-reported happiness among men and women in South Korea. The study finds that one’s perception of relative social standing is positively associated with happiness independently of objective indicators of socioeconomic status, while social relationship quality strongly predicts the happiness among both men and women. However, the mediation pathway and moderating effects vary by gender. For men, the nexus between subjective social class and happiness is partially mediated by the quality of interpersonal relationships. No similar mediating effect is found among women. The study also finds gender difference in whether the link between social relationship quality and happiness varies by subjective social class. The happiness return to positive social relationships increases as men’s subjective social status becomes higher, which is consistent with the resource multiplication hypothesis. No similar moderation effect is found among women. Combined, these results reveal potentially different pathways to happiness across gender in Korea, where social status competition, collectivistic culture, and patriarchal gender relations are salient in daily life.

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