scholarly journals Meaning of awe in Japanese (con)text: Beyond fear and respect

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Nakayama ◽  
Yukiko Uchida
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Japanese Text ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Theoretical Framework

Awe is theorized as an emotion appraised by perceived vastness and need for accommodation. This theoretical framework was developed with a review of spatially and temporally distributed literature mostly in the American and European cultural context, and is assumed to be culturally universal. However, awe as described by Japanese literature, was not explicitly included in the original theorization. We tested whether this framework generalized to the Japanese context by analyzing how Japanese awe-related words (e.g., “畏敬/ikei”) are used in Japanese text. A topic model was used to extract topics in contexts as an index of meaning. Results show that (1) the meaning of awe was statistically dissociable from similar but distinct meanings of fear and respect, and (2) the dissociating topics included transcendent entities such as god, spirits/ghosts, and powerful beings. Japanese meaning of awe includes vastness (i.e., transcendence) that goes beyond typical respect (i.e., power distance) requiring an accommodation of one’s mental framework.

The Cultural Context of Reception:

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Riikka Korppi-Tommola
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Cultural Contexts ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dance Company ◽  
Merce Cunningham ◽  
Encounter Time

Abstract The reception of the Merce Cunningham Dance Company and John Cage’s visit to Helsinki in 1964 revealed local, Finnish aesthetic priorities. In the dance critics’ texts, Cunningham’s style seemed to create confusion, for example, with its mixture of styles visà-vis avant-garde music. Music critics, mainly avant-garde and jazz musicians, had high expectations for this theatrical event. In their reviews, comparisons were made between Cunningham’s style and the productions of Anna Halprin. In this paper, I analyse the cultural perspectives of this encounter and utilize the theoretical framework of Thomas Postlewait’s pattern of cultural contexts. Additionally, I follow David M. Levin’s argumentation about changes in aesthetics. Local and foreign conventions become emphasized in this kind of a transnational, intercultural encounter. Time and place are involved in the interpretations of the past as well as later in the processes of forming periods.

Beyond What We Are Told Is Fact

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-66
Author(s):  
Zack Kruse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Ayn Rand ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Key Terms

This chapter more fully introduces the theoretical framework for Kruse’s reading of Ditko’s work and includes more thorough definitions for the key terms as well as a historical and cultural context for those terms. The contextualization provided in this chapter offers a look into Ditko’s hometown Johnstown, Pennsylvania and its immigrant community of industrial workers, along with the liberal political voices such as Ayn Rand and Nathaniel Branden alongside occult and mystic voices such as H.P. Blavatsky, and how popular twentieth-century advocates of the mind power movement like Norman Vincent Peale, Dale Carnegie, and other members link each of these seemingly disparate ideas and methodologies. The result of this entanglement—in theory and in practice—is mystic liberalism.

Early Sino-Japanese Literature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Denecke
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Chinese Texts ◽  
Textual Culture

Sino-Japanese literature stands out among the Chinese-style literatures of East Asia for the wealth of texts preserved from the early period, its complex symbiosis with a flourishing vernacular tradition, and its pervasive reliance on gloss-reading techniques of Chinese texts (kundoku). These techniques allowed the transformation of Chinese texts into Japanese sound, syntax, and morphology and enabled a distinctive linguistic and creative distance from continental literary production. This chapter surveys the literary culture and production of Early Japan (Asuka, Nara and Heian Periods, seventh through twelfth centuries). After introducing the debates about the varied nomenclature of the corpus of “Sino-Japanese Literature” (kanbun; also called Japanese Literature in Chinese), it sketches the contexts of the emergence of Sino-Japanese textual culture and literature in Japan and gives an overview of major texts in their cultural context. It concludes with reflections on what students of China can learn from Sino-Japanese Literature.

Authentic leadership and feedback-seeking behaviour: An examination of the cultural context of mediating processes in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Qian ◽  
Xiaosong Lin ◽  
George Zhen-Xiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Instrumental Value ◽  
Feedback Source

AbstractDespite an increasing number of studies that show a positive relationship between the supportiveness of the feedback source and feedback seeking, little is known about the role that supervisors play in promoting employee feedback-seeking behaviour when they serve as feedback sources. The present article developed a model to fill this void and tested it with data from a sample of 237 supervisor–subordinate dyads. We hypothesized and found that authentic leadership was positively related to feedback-seeking behaviour mediated by both perceived instrumental value and image cost of feedback seeking. The results also demonstrated that employees' individual cultural value of power distance moderated the relationships between authentic leadership and the perceived instrumental value and image cost of feedback seeking.

scholarly journals What makes it difficult to start an intimate relationship: A taxonomy of the reasons

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-116
Author(s):  
Menelaos Apostolou
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Qualitative Research Methods ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Components Analysis

Within the context of an evolutionary theoretical framework, the current research attempted to study the reasons that cause difficulties in starting an intimate relationship in the Greek cultural context. In particular, using qualitative research methods (interviews and open-ended questionnaires), Study 1 (N = 205) identified 58 reasons that make it difficult for people to start an intimate relationship. Using an online sample of 1,095 Greek-speaking participants (N = 1,095), Study 2 classified these reasons in 12 factors. More than 80% of the participants indicated that they faced above moderate or severe difficulties in at least one factor, while about 40% faced difficulties in three or more factors. Significant gender and age effects were found across the different factors. Using second order principal components analysis, the 12 factors were classified in three broader domains of difficulties in starting a relationship.

How large entrepreneurial-oriented companies breed innovation: the roles of interdepartmental collaboration and organizational culture

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xifang Ma ◽  
Zhengyun Rui ◽  
Genyuan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Chinese Economy ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This study aims to provide a better understanding into how large-scale companies overcome their rigidity and bureaucracy, and transform entrepreneurial orientation (EO) into organizational responsiveness (e.g. interdepartmental collaboration [IDC]). It also clarifies the double-edged role of organizational culture in shaping IDC, specifically within the Chinese economy that is deeply influenced by Confucianism. Design/methodology/approach Datas were randomly collected from companies that reside in the Yangtze River Delta region. With a sample of 115 large-scale EO Chinese firms, consisting of 402 department managers and 115 executives. The study aggregates the scores to create an overall measurement for EO, collectivism, power distance and IDC in the analysis. Further, confirmatory factor analyses were used to measure the structural model fitness, and multiple regression analysis was used to assess the hypotheses. Findings The results show that in competitive environments, IDC, as a strategic response to EO and a risk aversion of inertia and bureaucracy, fully mediates the positive relationship between EO and organizational creativity. Furthermore, the positive association is more pronounced under high cultural collectivism or low power distance in large-scale firms. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to the understanding of EO approach at the organizational level. The results posit that when large companies adopt EO, they are proactive rather than passive and would exhibit IDC as an important strategic responsiveness. Moreover, different organizational cultural orientations (i.e. high collectivism and low power distance) help to build IDC before cultivating innovation. Practical implications The results in this study suggest that large companies should focus on developing IDC to overcome knowledge fragmentation, bureaucracy and inertia. Also, large firms should develop Human Resource Management practices, such as creating job rotation and workflow, as well as cultural trust and common beliefs. In contrast, they should be on guard against status differences and workplace hierarchy’s cultural context. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that considers the roles of IDC and organizational culture and examines how large-scale entrepreneurial-oriented companies breed innovation.

Toward a Reexamination of the Economic History of Tokugawa Japan, 1600–1867

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kozo Yamamura
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Japanese Literature ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Cost

Increasing our knowledge of Tokugawa economic history is important for a better understanding of the causes of the rapid Japanese industrialization which followed, but as yet no attempt has been made to provide a theoretical framework with which to analyze the Tokugawa economy. The cost of neglecting to work out a new economic history of Tokugawa Japan is high. Many Western historians, economic as well as others, continue to make use of findings and interpretations provided by Japanese economic historians, most of whom are Marxist in their ideological and methodological orientations. Presented with the force of ideological conviction and repeated in book after book, the Marxist view of Tokugawa economic history is so deeply rooted in Japanese literature that it can claim many followers who make use of its interpretations and views without suspecting the ideological and methodological framework upon which they rest. Another increasingly serious cost is that many of the research findings contributed recently by a few Western scholars and a small group of Japanese economic historians continue to remain disjointed findings in search of an analytical framework which can accommodate them into a meaningful whole.

Authentic leadership and feedback-seeking behaviour: An examination of the cultural context of mediating processes in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Qian ◽  
Xiaosong Lin ◽  
George Zhen-Xiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Authentic Leadership ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Feedback Seeking ◽  
Instrumental Value ◽  
Feedback Source

AbstractDespite an increasing number of studies that show a positive relationship between the supportiveness of the feedback source and feedback seeking, little is known about the role that supervisors play in promoting employee feedback-seeking behaviour when they serve as feedback sources. The present article developed a model to fill this void and tested it with data from a sample of 237 supervisor–subordinate dyads. We hypothesized and found that authentic leadership was positively related to feedback-seeking behaviour mediated by both perceived instrumental value and image cost of feedback seeking. The results also demonstrated that employees' individual cultural value of power distance moderated the relationships between authentic leadership and the perceived instrumental value and image cost of feedback seeking.

Requisite Variety: A Concept to Analyze the Effects of Cultural Context for Technology Transfer

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail Demel ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Uncertainty Avoidance ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
National Cultures ◽  
Requisite Variety ◽  
Law Of Requisite Variety ◽  
The Law

The Law of Requisite Variety states that “the system must possess as much regulatory variety as can be expected from the environment” (Ashby, 1957). This law may have some implications for culture. Specifically, the four cultural dimensions by which national cultures differ (as proposed by Hofstede, 1980a): Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism-Collectivism, and Masculinity-Femininity influence Requisite Variety depending on the country to which the technology is transferred. Therefore, it is proposed in this study that Requisite Variety can be used as a concept to systematically investigate the influence of culture for technology transfer. This approach constitutes the incorporation of Human Factors considerations in technology transfer, as stated by Meshkati (1986 and 1989b) and Wisner (1985).

scholarly journals Learner-centred teaching in Tanzania: Geography teachers' perceptions and experiences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Evaristo Andreas Mtitu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Teacher Shortage ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Instructional Resources ◽  
Syntactic Knowledge

<p>The shift from teacher-centred to learner-centred teaching approaches is one of the aspects embarked on to address quality issues in delivery of secondary education in Tanzania. The basis for a shift in teaching paradigm has been motivated by the need for learners to effectively engage in the knowledge construction process.This thesis reports the findings about Learner-Centred Teaching (LCT) in Tanzania from the perceptions and experiences of secondary school geography teachers. Applying a lens of a critical perspective (CP) approach as a theoretical framework, the study sought to respond to the major question: how do geography teachers perceive and experience regarding Learner-Centred Teaching in Tanzania’s secondary school? The main question was guided by four sub-research questions which included: how do geography teachers in Tanzania understand LCT?; how does a teacher’s pedagogical reasoning and decision-making during the planning process reflect LCT beliefs?; how does a teacher’s teaching practice reflect LCT beliefs?; and how does a teacher’s evaluation of classroom instructional practices place the learner at the centre of instruction? The research focus was to assess the implementation of LCT approach as advocated by the educational policy and the mandated curriculum documents.  The study utilised the interpretive and constructivist qualitative case study approach involving nine case studies purposely selected from three research sites. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews, classroom observations and detailed reviews of teachers’ own teaching portfolios. Applying an interpretive generative inductive data analysis approach, data were analysed based on the specific meaning patterns that were emerging from individual case studies. Themes were developed by comparing and contrasting meaning patterns within and across case studies.  Findings presented aspects which influence teachers’ practices of LCT including: the constructivist view of knowledge construction, role of language and cultural context in LCT, teacher-students’ power relation, and the nature of the curriculum. Other aspects raised include: teachers’ substantive and syntactic knowledge and classroom organisation and management. The study also presents some dilemmas against implementation of LCT. These dilemmas include language barrier, class sizes; curriculum design; and teacher shortage, and shortage of instructional resources. Other dilemmas include: lack of both inservice training for LCT and cultural-context specific curriculum relevance.  The researcher recommends the need to address dilemmas in the implementation of LCT approaches such as: class sizes, curriculum design, and teacher shortage; shortage of instructional resources and facilities; and the medium of instruction; geography curriculum should be designed to allow teachers’ flexibility; and teachers’ need of mastery in the substantive and syntactic knowledge. Other recommendations include: teachers’ need of in-service training regarding the conceptual and theoretical understanding of LCT, its approaches, and application in geography classrooms; teachers’ use of an integrated-formative evaluation and assessment approaches; and the need of further research on aspects around the same topic, taking into consideration different theoretical orientations and methodological approaches.  The study contributes knowledge to the international literature regarding LCT and its implementation complexities from the developing economy’s perspectives. In particular, the study contributes to the understanding of LCT from a CP theoretical framework. It also provides an avenue for debate and consideration on the importance of initial and in-service teacher education, the curriculum, and the need to integrate learners’ culture for effective implementation of LCT. The researcher has developed three models to support the practice of LCT. These are: the constructivist learning process; an integrated LCT based curriculum; and the classroom organisation and management framework models.</p>

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