scholarly journals Finding a positive me: Affective and neural insights into the challenges of positive autobiographical memory reliving in borderline personality disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte C van Schie ◽  
Chui-De Chiu ◽  
Serge Rombouts ◽  
Willem J. Heiser ◽  
Bernet M. Elzinga
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Autonoetic Consciousness ◽  
Positive Memories

Background:This study aimed to investigate whether people with BPD can benefit from reliving positive autobiographical memories in terms of mood and state self-esteem and elucidate the neural processes supporting optimal memory reliving. Particularly the role of vividness and brain areas involved in autonoetic consciousness were studied, as key factors involved in improving mood and state self-esteem by positive memory reliving. Methods:People with BPD (BPD, N = 25), Healthy Controls (HC, N = 33) and controls with Low Self-Esteem (LSE, N = 22) relived four neutral and four positive autobiographical memories in an MRI scanner. After reliving each memory mood and vividness was rated. State self-esteem was assessed before and after the Reliving Autobiographical Memories (RAM) task. Results:Overall, mood and state self-esteem were lower in BPD compared to HC and LSE, but improved significantly after positive memory reliving. Moreover, participants with BPD indicated that they relived their memories with less vividness than HC, regardless of valence. When reliving (vs reading) memories, participants with BPD showed increased precuneus and lingual gyrus activation compared to HC, which was inversely related to vividness. Discussion:People with BPD seem less immersed in reliving neutral and positive autobiographical memories with increased precuneus activation potentially indicating more distant autonoetic consciousness. Nevertheless, participants with BPD do benefit in mood and self-esteem from reliving positive memories. These findings underline the potential of positive autobiographical memory reliving and suggest that interventions may be further shaped to improvet mood and strengthen self-views in BPD.

The Role of Implicit Mechanisms in Buffering Self-Esteem from Social Threats

2016 ◽  
pp. 1054-1076
Author(s):  
Jordan B. Leitner ◽  
Chad E. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Light ◽  
Social Threats

Previous research has demonstrated that people have the goal of self-enhancing, or viewing themselves in an overly positive light. However, only recent research has examined the degree to which the relationship between self-enhancement goals and outcomes are a result of explicit deliberative mechanisms or implicit automatic mechanisms. The current chapter reviews evidence on unconscious goal pursuit, autobiographical memory, social neuroscience, and implicit self-esteem that suggests that implicit mechanisms play a powerful role in producing self-enhancement outcomes. Furthermore, this chapter reviews evidence that these implicit mechanisms are activated by social threats and thus contribute to successful coping. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of implicit self-enhancement mechanisms for targets of stigma, individuals who frequently encounter threats to well-being.

A Study of Autobiographical Memories in Depressed and Nondepressed Elderly Individuals

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Anderson Yang ◽  
Lynn P. Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Positive Change ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Elderly Individuals ◽  
Affective Tone ◽  
Mood Congruence ◽  
Current Mood ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Looking Back

An autobiographical memory task was used to study memory processes and depression in elderly individuals. Twenty-seven nondepressed and twenty-seven depressed elderly participants recalled thirty memories. Each memory was self-rated for happiness versus sadness and the degree of importance of the event at the time the event occurred (i.e., “then”) and looking back on the event (“now”). Nondepressed participants perceived greater positive change in affective tone between “then” and “now” ratings. Depressed participants recalled more memories rated as sad “now” than nondepressed, and perceived negative and positive memories to become more neutral than nondepressed participants. These results are consistent with a mood congruence hypothesis, in that participants recalled more memories affectively consistent with current mood, and a self-enhancement view of reminiscing, such that recalling memories evaluated as happier was associated with less depression.

scholarly journals The role of ToM in creating a reminiscence bump for MEAMs from adolescence

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Kristen-Antonow
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Reminiscence Bump ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Emotional Aspects

To date, studies have yet to consider the role of theory of mind as an important factor in developing music-related autobiographical memories. Further, it remains unclear if one remembers primarily factual knowledge about a song (semantic memory) or if one retrieves the perceptual and emotional aspects of the life situation connected to a song (episodic memory). To close these research gaps, 61 participants with an average age of 20 years listened to 33 songs topping the charts during their early childhood, childhood or youth. Next to a range of control variables (e.g. family size) participants’ state emotions before and after the experiment, as well as their socio-affective and socio-cognitive theory of mind were assessed. The music mainly invoked episodic versus semantic memories. The strongest positive predictor of specific episodic music-related autobiographical memories from later youth was participants’ socio-cognitive theory of mind. Results also revealed that songs released during early and middle childhood were listened to beyond this time period and triggered mainly memories from early youth. The results are discussed in regard to the possible role of socio-cognitive factors in creating a reminiscence bump for music from later youth.

scholarly journals The Moderating Role of Emotion Regulation in the Recall of Negative Autobiographical Memories

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7122
Author(s):  
Desirée Colombo ◽  
Silvia Serino ◽  
Carlos Suso-Ribera ◽  
Javier Fernández-Álvarez ◽  
Pietro Cipresso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Emotional Intensity ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

When facing a negative event, people implement different strategies to regulate ongoing emotions. Although the previous literature has suggested that the emotional intensity of a negative episode is associated with the characteristics of the subsequent autobiographical memory, it is still unknown whether emotion regulation (ER) moderates this relationship. In the present study, we provided undergraduate students with a smartphone-based diary to report a negative episode immediately after its occurrence and rate the momentary use of two ER strategies: cognitive reappraisal and rumination. To explore autobiographical memory, two “surprise” recall tasks were performed one week and one month after the event. According to the results, cognitive reappraisal was linked with better memory performances, and a tendency to retrospectively underestimate the negativity of highly intense events was observed only in participants adopting high rates of this strategy. Conversely, intense rumination was found to be associated with less detailed memories of emotionally intense events, as well as with higher emotional involvement with negative episodes over time, regardless of their intensity. Together, our results support the maladaptive role of rumination and the adaptive influence of cognitive reappraisal on autobiographical memory.

scholarly journals ROLE OF PANCHKARMA THERAPY IN MANAGEMENT OF DARUNAKA (SEBORRHOEIC DERMATITIS) - A SINGLE CASE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2880-2883
Author(s):  
Gourishankar Rajpurohit ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Gyanprakash Sharma ◽  
Anita Anita
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Seborrheic Dermatitis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Touch Sensation ◽  
Scalp Skin ◽  
Dead Tissue

Dandruff is a common scalp ailment that causes flaking of the skin. It is neither communicable nor dangerous. It can, however, be humiliating and difficult to treat. Darunaka is a Kapalagataroga, but Acharya Sushruta described it as a Kshudraroga due to the vitiation of Vata and Kapha Doshas, with symptoms such as Kandu (itching on the scalp), Keshachyuti (hair loss), Swapa (abnormalities of touch sensation on the scalp), Rookshata (roughness or dryness of the scalp), and Twaksphutana (breaking or cracking of the scalp skin). Seborrheic Dermatitis is an irri- tative scalp illness characterized by the shedding of dead tissue from the scalp, as well as an itchy sensation. Seb- orrheic Dermatitis affects roughly 4% of the population, while dandruff (mild seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp) affects about half of all adults, according to studies. It can begin at any point after puberty and is more common in men. It might lead to social and self-esteem issues. A 25-year-old male patient from Jodhpur came to OPD of Panchakarma, with a chief complaint of Shira Kandu (itching on the scalp), Rukshata (dryness on the scalp), Twak- sphutana (cracks in the skin) and Keshachyuti (hair fall). In this case, Ayurvedic formulations and Panchakarma therapy gave the patient till 30 days. The improvement provided by the therapy was assessed based on signs and symptoms before and after the treatment, The therapy's effectiveness was determined by comparing signs and symp- toms before and after treatment. For evaluating signs and symptoms, a unique scoring scheme was created. Themedicine was proven to be both safe and effective at treating signs and symptoms as well as enhancing the general health of the scalp. Keywords: Darunaka, Shirodhara, Shiro basti, Seborrheic dermatitis

scholarly journals Reminiscing and the Passage of Years: Investigating the Role of Affective Autobiographical Memories in Passage of Time Judgments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Kosak ◽  
Christof Kuhbandner
Keyword(s):  
Negative Events ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Experience Of Time ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Affective Intensity ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Contextual Change

Previous research has shown that judgments of the experienced velocity of recent years passing by vary depending on the number of autobiographical memories being activated in the moment of judging. While a body of evidence shows affect to have an impact on both prospective and retrospective judgments on the experience of time for short periods, the effect of valence of memories on the experience of the passage of long intervals has not been examined yet. Thus, we asked 282 people to retrieve five either emotionally positive or negative memories from the last 5years before judging the subjectively experienced passage of time of these years. However, positive and negative events differ in some ways beyond valence, e.g., the ascribed impact on the participants’ subsequent lives as well as the stability of ascribed affective intensity: The latter decreased over time for negative but not for positive memories while ascribed impact was markedly higher for positive memories. Results indicate no significant differences between the two conditions, even after controlling for the aforementioned differences. However, exploratory analyses show that participants rate time to have passed faster, the longer the activated memories dated back on average, a result that seems in line with contextual-change hypothesis.

Assessment of the Efficacy of a Peer Mentoring Program in a University Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Alonso ◽  
Gloria Castaño ◽  
Ana M. Calles ◽  
Silvia Sánchez-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Academic Setting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Formal Mentoring Program ◽  
University Setting

In the present study, the efficacy of a formal mentoring program applied to fourth and fifth year students of the Psychology Faculty of the Complutense University is assessed. In this program, fifth-year students took on the role of mentors and fourth-year students, the role of mentees. To assess the efficacy, the group of mentors was compared with a group of non-mentors and the group of mentees with a group of non-mentees, before and after the program, taking into account the variables related to career development function (knowledge acquired of the academic setting and satisfaction with the career of Psychology) and the psychosocial function (self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and involvement).The results show a statistically significant increase in the knowledge acquired about the academic setting as a consequence of the program, both in the group of mentors and in the group of mentees. Moreover, the mentors achieved a better average grade in the subjects of the specialty of Work Psychology. There were no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in satisfaction with the career of Psychology, or in self-concept, self-esteem, or self-efficacy.

The Neural Basis of Autobiographical Memory

2019 ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Heather Iriye ◽  
Peggy L. St. Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immersive Virtual Reality ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Autonoetic Consciousness ◽  
The Brain

Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have led to significant progress in our understanding of how the personal past is represented in the brain. A key insight has been the degree to which autobiographical memory (AM) is structured according to self-related processes. This chapter addresses the role of the self in organizing AM in three key areas: (1) processing of self-related information, (2) awareness of the self in time (i.e. autonoetic consciousness), and (3) the centrality of egocentric visual perspective. There are exciting areas for future research that capitalize on the benefits of recent advances in fully immersive virtual reality technologies.

The Role of Implicit Mechanisms in Buffering Self-Esteem from Social Threats

2015 ◽  
pp. 183-204
Author(s):  
Jordan B. Leitner ◽  
Chad E. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Goal Pursuit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Light ◽  
Social Threats

Previous research has demonstrated that people have the goal of self-enhancing, or viewing themselves in an overly positive light. However, only recent research has examined the degree to which the relationship between self-enhancement goals and outcomes are a result of explicit deliberative mechanisms or implicit automatic mechanisms. The current chapter reviews evidence on unconscious goal pursuit, autobiographical memory, social neuroscience, and implicit self-esteem that suggests that implicit mechanisms play a powerful role in producing self-enhancement outcomes. Furthermore, this chapter reviews evidence that these implicit mechanisms are activated by social threats and thus contribute to successful coping. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of implicit self-enhancement mechanisms for targets of stigma, individuals who frequently encounter threats to well-being.

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