A Qualitative Study of Adolescents’ Experiences of Distress and Well-Being during Intensive Mindfulness Practice

ObjectivesIn recent years mindfulness has gone mainstream, reaching many adolescents through school programs and smartphone applications. Yet there is little empirical understanding of what mindfulness practice is like for adolescents. This qualitative study sought to capture adolescents’ lived experiences as they embarked on a period of intensive mindfulness practice.MethodsThis multi-method qualitative study involved 23 self-selected youth (Mage = 16.35 years, SD = 1.58, 57% girls, 52% White) who participated in a six-day residential mindfulness retreat. Participants wrote reflections about their mindfulness practice each night of the retreat and discussed their experiences in focus groups immediately after the retreat. Data were analyzed using a two-cycle coding process to categorize common patterns of adolescents’ experiences into conceptually meaningful categories. ResultsAdolescents reported an array of experiences of distress from cognitive (83% of adolescents; e.g., self-loathing and rumination), to emotional (87% of adolescents; e.g., sadness), to physical distress (44% of adolescents; e.g., physical pain) during mindfulness training. They also described a range of well-being experiences from cognitive (87% of adolescents; e.g., self-inquiry and discovery), to emotional (65% of adolescents; e.g., acceptance), to social well-being (39% of adolescents; e.g., loving-kindness and connection). Experiences of distress and well-being were relatively balanced overall, yet girls and experienced meditators reported greater distress.ConclusionsThis study paints a descriptive picture of adolescents’ experiences during mindfulness practice and suggests that their experiences during mindfulness might reflect core developmental concerns. Implications for developmental science and adolescent-informed mindfulness training programs are discussed.

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Healthy Mind Healthy You: An Online Study Comparing Standard Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy with a Brief Mindfulness Program to Improve Well-Being (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.35620 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Louisa G Sylvia ◽

Mitchell R Lunn ◽

Juno Obedin-Maliver ◽

Robert N McBurney ◽

W Benjamin Nowell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Well Being ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

World Health ◽

Present Moment ◽

Intervention Period ◽

Model Based ◽

Health Organization

BACKGROUND Mindfulness can improve overall well-being by training individuals to focus on the present moment without judging their thoughts. However, it is unknown how much mindfulness practice and training are necessary to improve well-being. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare standard with brief mindfulness training to improve overall well-being. METHODS Participants were recruited from 17 Patient-Powered Research Networks, online communities of stakeholders interested in a common area of research. Participants were randomized to either a standard 8-session mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) or a brief 3-session mindfulness training intervention accessed online. Participants were followed for 12 weeks. The primary outcome of the study was well-being as measured by the World Health Organization (WHO)-5 Index. We hypothesized that MBCT would be superior to brief mindfulness training. RESULTS We randomized 4,411 participants, 88% of whom were white and 80% female sex assigned at birth. Baseline WHO-5 score mean was 50.3 (SD = 20.7). Average self-reported well-being in each group increased over the intervention period (baseline to 8 weeks) (model-based slope [95% CI] for MBCT group: 0.78 [0.63, 0.93]; brief mindfulness group: 0.76 [0.60, 0.91]) as well as the full study period (i.e., intervention plus follow-up; baseline to 20 weeks) (model-based slope [95% CI] for MBCT group: 0.41 [0.34, 0.48]; brief mindfulness group: 0.33 [0.26, 0.40]). Change in self-reported well-being was not statistically significantly different between MBCT and brief mindfulness during the intervention period (model-based difference in slopes [95% CI]: -0.02 [-0.24, 0.19], P = .80) or during the intervention period plus 12-week follow-up (-0.08 [-0.18, 0.02], P = .10). During the intervention period, younger participants (P = .05) and participants who completed a higher percentage of intervention sessions (P = .005) experienced greater improvements in well-being across both interventions, effects that were stronger for participants in the MBCT condition. CONCLUSIONS Standard MBCT improved well-being but was not superior to a brief mindfulness intervention. Younger patients and those able to complete more training sessions improved the most. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03844321, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03844321

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“Little things do not get to me anymore”: a qualitative study of older adults’ perspectives on initiating exercise and mindfulness practice

10.21203/rs.2.15394/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diana C. Parra ◽

Julie Loebach Wetherell ◽

Alexandria Van Zandt ◽

Ross Brownson ◽

Janardan Abhishek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Time Management ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Health Lifestyle

Abstract Background: Mindfulness practice and exercise are ways by which older adults can improve and maintain their physical, emotional and cognitive health. Methods: This single-site qualitative study gathered insights of older adults’ perceptions about initiating and maintaining mindfulness and exercise practices. We carried out focus groups with 41 adults aged 65-85 who had recently initiated Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), structured exercise, or their combination as part of participation in a clinical trial. We used a semi-structured interview to ask them open-ended questions regarding the benefits, barriers and facilitators of participating in mindfulness and/or exercise interventions. The interview also included questions regarding translation of these practices into community settings as well as the long-term maintenance potential of these practices. Results : Older adults indicated that the mindfulness training increased their awareness and self-reflection and fostered a more self-accepting attitude. Furthermore, they improved their self-care habits and reported having better familial and social relationships. The main barrier for both the exercise and mindfulness group was time management. The social benefits and sense of community were some of the primary motivators for older adults in the exercise and/or MBSR interventions. However, the research on how to motivate older adults to initiate healthy behavioral changes also needs to be answered. The benefits of exercise and MBSR are a motivation in and of themselves, as indicated by some of the participants. Conclusions: This study indicates that mindfulness training and exercise can serve as tools to cultivate important health lifestyle qualities among older adults, who are in the midst of mental, social, emotional and physical change. If it were not for the purpose of the research or the incentives provided by the research team, these older adults may have never started the healthy behavioral changes. From the responses, this may indicate that older adults may need more incentives to begin and maintain behavioral changes other than for their own health benefit.

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A qualitative study of older adults’ perspectives on initiating exercise and mindfulness practice

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-019-1375-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diana C. Parra ◽

Julie Loebach Wetherell ◽

Alexandria Van Zandt ◽

Ross C. Brownson ◽

Janardan Abhishek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Time Management ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Health Lifestyle

Abstract Background Mindfulness practice and exercise are ways by which older adults can improve and maintain their physical, emotional and cognitive health. Methods This single-site qualitative study gathered insights of older adults’ perceptions about initiating and maintaining mindfulness and exercise practices. We carried out focus groups with 41 adults aged 65–85 who had recently initiated Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), structured exercise, or their combination as part of participation in a clinical trial. We used a semi-structured interview to ask them open-ended questions regarding the benefits, barriers and facilitators of participating in mindfulness and/or exercise interventions. The interview also included questions regarding translation of these practices into community settings as well as the long-term maintenance potential of these practices. Results Older adults indicated that the mindfulness training increased their awareness and self-reflection and fostered a more self-accepting attitude. Furthermore, they improved their self-care habits and reported having better familial and social relationships. The main barrier for both the exercise and Mindfulness group was time management. The social benefits and sense of community were some of the primary motivators for older adults in the exercise and/or MBSR interventions. However, the research on how to motivate older adults to initiate healthy behavioral changes also needs to be answered. The benefits of exercise and MBSR are a motivation in and of themselves, as indicated by some of the participants. Conclusions This study indicates that mindfulness training and exercise can serve as tools to cultivate important health lifestyle qualities among older adults, who are in the midst of mental, social, emotional and physical change. If it were not for the purpose of the research or the incentives provided by the research team, these older adults may have never started the healthy behavioral changes. From the responses, this may indicate that older adults may need more incentives to begin and maintain behavioral changes other than for their own health benefit.

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Putting your mind at ease: findings from the Mindfulness Ambassador Council programme in Toronto area schools

Journal of Children s Services ◽

10.1108/jcs-10-2014-0046 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 376-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tracy Smith-Carrier ◽

Theo Koffler ◽

Faye Mishna ◽

Anna Wallwork ◽

Joanne Daciuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary School ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Well Being ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Future Research ◽

School Students ◽

Case Study Methodology ◽

Content Type ◽

School Settings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain understanding of the benefits and limitations of mindfulness training among secondary school students and teachers in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Design/methodology/approach – Using a case study methodology, the authors analysed programme evaluation forms and conducted thematic analyses of focus groups with Catholic secondary school teachers and students that participated in the Mindfulness Ambassador Council programme. Findings – The findings suggest that mindfulness training may provide participants with opportunities for personal growth, specifically in the areas of stress reduction, relaxation, social awareness, self-discovery and relationship building. Research limitations/implications – This study confirms existing literature that training in mindfulness practice may be beneficial in strengthening relationships, reducing stress and anxiety and promoting inner well-being and social-emotional learning in youth. To test these findings empirically, future research should examine mindfulness training in schools using a robust randomised controlled trial design. Practical implications – Given the current state of research on mindfulness-based interventions specifically with the adolescent population, the study provides useful and timely data on participants ' experiences with mindfulness training, and discusses how such training can be effectively harnessed within secondary school settings. Originality/value – There is growing evidence that the regular practice of mindfulness has myriad psychological, therapeutic and health benefits, and contributes to heightened emotional intelligence and improved performance in a host of activities. Relatively little is known, however, about the effects of mindfulness interventions on child and adolescent populations. The study contributes to the emerging evidence on mindfulness practice with students in school settings.

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A Qualitative study of older adults’ perspectives on initiating exercise and mindfulness practice

10.21203/rs.2.15394/v2 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diana C. Parra ◽

Julie Loebach Wetherell ◽

Alexandria Van Zandt ◽

Ross Brownson ◽

Janardan Abhishek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Health Lifestyle ◽

Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

Abstract Background: Mindfulness practice and exercise are ways by which older adults can improve and maintain their physical, emotional and cognitive health. Methods: This single-site qualitative study gathered insights of older adults’ perceptions about initiating and maintaining mindfulness and exercise practices. We carried out focus groups with 41 adults aged 65-85 who had recently initiated Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), structured exercise, or their combination as part of participation in a clinical trial. We used a semi-structured interview to ask them open-ended questions regarding the benefits, barriers and facilitators of participating in mindfulness and/or exercise interventions. The interview also included questions regarding translation of these practices into community settings as well as the long-term maintenance potential of these practices. Results: Older adults indicated that the mindfulness training increased their awareness and self-reflection and fostered a more self-accepting attitude. Furthermore, they improved their self-care habits and reported having better familial and social relationships. The main barrier for both the exercise and Mindfulness group was time management. The social benefits and sense of community were some of the primary motivators for older adults in the exercise and/or MBSR interventions. However, the research on how to motivate older adults to initiate healthy behavioral changes also needs to be answered. The benefits of exercise and MBSR are a motivation in and of themselves, as indicated by some of the participants. Conclusions: This study indicates that mindfulness training and exercise can serve as tools to cultivate important health lifestyle qualities among older adults, who are in the midst of mental, social, emotional and physical change. If it were not for the purpose of the research or the incentives provided by the research team, these older adults may have never started the healthy behavioral changes. From the responses, this may indicate that older adults may need more incentives to begin and maintain behavioral changes other than for their own health benefit. Key Words: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, mindfulness, exercise, older adults, qualitative study

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A Qualitative study of older adults’ perspectives on initiating exercise and mindfulness practice

10.21203/rs.2.15394/v3 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Diana C. Parra ◽

Julie Loebach Wetherell ◽

Alexandria Van Zandt ◽

Ross Brownson ◽

Janardan Abhishek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Stress Reduction ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Behavioral Changes ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Health Lifestyle ◽

Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

Abstract Background: Mindfulness practice and exercise are ways by which older adults can improve and maintain their physical, emotional and cognitive health. Methods: This single-site qualitative study gathered insights of older adults’ perceptions about initiating and maintaining mindfulness and exercise practices. We carried out focus groups with 41 adults aged 65-85 who had recently initiated Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), structured exercise, or their combination as part of participation in a clinical trial. We used a semi-structured interview to ask them open-ended questions regarding the benefits, barriers and facilitators of participating in mindfulness and/or exercise interventions. The interview also included questions regarding translation of these practices into community settings as well as the long-term maintenance potential of these practices. Results: Older adults indicated that the mindfulness training increased their awareness and self-reflection and fostered a more self-accepting attitude. Furthermore, they improved their self-care habits and reported having better familial and social relationships. The main barrier for both the exercise and Mindfulness group was time management. The social benefits and sense of community were some of the primary motivators for older adults in the exercise and/or MBSR interventions. However, the research on how to motivate older adults to initiate healthy behavioral changes also needs to be answered. The benefits of exercise and MBSR are a motivation in and of themselves, as indicated by some of the participants. Conclusions: This study indicates that mindfulness training and exercise can serve as tools to cultivate important health lifestyle qualities among older adults, who are in the midst of mental, social, emotional and physical change. If it were not for the purpose of the research or the incentives provided by the research team, these older adults may have never started the healthy behavioral changes. From the responses, this may indicate that older adults may need more incentives to begin and maintain behavioral changes other than for their own health benefit. Key Words: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, mindfulness, exercise, older adults, qualitative study

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Toward Determinants and Effects of Long-Term Mindfulness Training in Pre-Adolescence: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Event-Related Potentials

Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology ◽

10.1891/jcep-d-19-00029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 65-83

Author(s):

Lena Wimmer ◽

Dusana Dorjee

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Well Being ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Self Report ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Continuous Performance Task ◽

Dispositional Mindfulness ◽

Related Potentials

The present study presents the first attempt at investigating long-term mindfulness training in pre-adolescence, adopting an integrative neurodevelopmental approach. Pupils with an established mindfulness practice (n = 33) were compared with mindfulness-inexperienced pupils (n = 20) on dispositional mindfulness, executive functioning (EF), emotion regulation, and well-being. We also investigated whether increased well-being in mindfulness-experienced pre-adolescents would be mediated by EF and emotion regulation. Moderating influences of the amount and enjoyment of mindfulness training were considered as well. Self-report questionnaires measured dispositional mindfulness and well-being. Parents assessed their child's emotion-regulation using the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC). Performance in a Continuous Performance Task and simultaneously recorded event-related potentials (ERPs)—Cue-P3, CNV, Nogo-N2, Nogo-P3—indexed EF. Interestingly, the two groups of pupils did not differ in their dispositional mindfulness. ERP findings revealed that the mindfulness-experienced group demonstrated superior EF in terms of response inhibition, but inferior EF in terms of cue processing. Although the ERC negativity/lability subscale revealed an advantage for the mindfulness-experienced group, no group differences were observed for the ERC emotion regulation subscale or well-being. Mediation analysis results did not support the assumption that mindfulness training leads to increased well-being via improvements in EF and emotion regulation. While outcomes were not moderated by amount of mindfulness practice, enjoying mindfulness was negatively associated with indicators of well-being and EF.

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Mindfulness-based Online Training Increases Well-being and Decreases Stress After Covid-19 Lockdown (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.29949 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Bossi ◽

Francesca Zaninotto ◽

Sonia D’Arcangelo ◽

Nicola Lattanzi ◽

Andrea Patricelli Malizia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Positive Affect ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Training Group ◽

Well Being ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Control Group ◽

Present Moment ◽

Expressive Suppression

BACKGROUND Mindfulness practice consists of “paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment”. Mindfulness training was shown to be effective in improving well-being and reducing perceived stress in several conditions. These effects were also found in online mindfulness-based training, especially on employees in organizational environments. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of online mindfulness training on healthy employees especially after the first Italian Covid-19 lockdown, when the measures to prevent contagion were loosened, but the second wave was starting again to emerge. METHODS Participants in the training group underwent an 8-week mindfulness training based on the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) protocol compared to a control (no-intervention) group. A new practice was presented each week by two trainers, who were also available for Q&A on a weekly basis. All participants filled in weekly surveys for the whole training duration via online questionnaires to measure their habits, mindfulness (FFMQ-15), emotion regulation (ERQ), positive and negative affect (PANAS), depression, anxiety and stress (DASS-21), resilience (RSA) and insomnia (ISI). 46 participants in the training group and 54 in the control group completed at least half of the weekly questionnaires and were considered in the longitudinal analyses. RESULTS We found significant differences between the training and control groups over time in the measures of mindfulness (in particular the nonreactivity subscale), positive affect, depression, and insomnia. Moreover, we found that the frequency of practice and ease perceived in practicing were positively correlated to several indices of well-being (mindfulness, positive affect, cognitive reappraisal) and negatively correlated to several indices of stress (negative affect, depression, anxiety, stress, insomnia, expressive suppression). CONCLUSIONS These results show the importance and effectiveness of online mindfulness training to cope with stress among employees, especially after the Covid-19 lockdown, a period of great uncertainties and psychological tension.

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A REVIEW ON MINDFULNESS AND NURSING STRESS AMONG NURSES

ANALITIKA ◽

10.31289/analitika.v10i1.1589 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zaini Said ◽

Goh Lei Kheng

Keyword(s):

Training Programs ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Well Being ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Small Sample ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Future Research ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Nursing Stress ◽

Future Direction

<p><em>Previous research has been done on mindfulness and nursing stress but no review has been done to highlight the most up-to-date findings, to justify the recommendation of mindfulness training for the nursing field. The present paper aims to review the relevant studies, derive conclusions, and discuss future direction of research in this field. A total of 19 research papers were reviewed. The majority was intervention studies on the effects of mindfulness-training programs on nursing stress. Higher mindfulness is correlated with lower nursing stress. Mindfulness-based training programs were found to have significant positive effects on nursing stress and psychological well-being. The studies were found to have non-standardized intervention methods, inadequate research designs, small sample size, and lack of systematic follow-up on the sustainability of treatment effects, limiting the generalizability of the results. There is also a lack of research investigation into the underlying mechanism of action of mindfulness on nursing stress. Future research that addresses these limitations is indicated.</em></p>

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Participant Engagement in a Commercially Available App-Based Mindfulness Training Intervention Delivered to Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.11907 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kristen Rosen ◽

Jennifer Potter

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Well Being ◽

Mindfulness Training ◽

Pain Severity ◽

Mindfulness Practice ◽

Dispositional Mindfulness ◽

Related Factors ◽

Mindfulness Skills ◽

Minimum Dose

BACKGROUND Mindfulness training may improve quality of life (QoL) among women diagnosed with breast cancer, yet barriers associated with instructor-facilitated training (eg, cost, location, time) may limit uptake. Self-directed mindfulness training using smartphone apps may overcome these barriers. However, little is known about who may be most likely to engage in app-based mindfulness training (AMT) interventions. OBJECTIVE We examined baseline predictors of app engagement among women diagnosed with breast cancer (≤5 years) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a commercially available AMT intervention (Headspace). METHODS Participants (n=57) received AMT as part of a 12-week RCT. Headspace was available for download from iTunes or Google Play. Participants were asked to complete app registration using a unique activation code and complete ≥ 1 mindfulness session; this was defined as “minimum dose.” Overall, AMT engagement was self-guided. Participants completed baseline measures of QoL (FACT-B), dispositional mindfulness (MAAS), pain severity and interference (BPI-sf), and demographics. Log data was obtained from the app developers at the end of the study. AMT engagement was characterized by: attaining minimum dose, number of mindfulness sessions completed, and duration (minutes) of overall mindfulness practice. RESULTS Overall, 34 participants completed app registration and ≥1 mindfulness session (minimum dose). Over the 12-week trial, the median number of mindfulness sessions completed was 11.50 with a range of 1-87 sessions completed. Median duration of overall mindfulness practice was 115 minutes, with a range of 10-1411 minutes. Participants who attained minimum dose had greater baseline physical well-being (mean 20.74 [SD 5.67]) compared to those who did not have any recorded engagement with AMT (mean 16.43 [SD 8.15]; t[36.2]=-2.20, P=.04). Pain severity was lower for participants who attained minimum dose (mean 3.12 (SD 1.69]) compared to those who did not (mean 4.61 [SD 2.05]; t[29]=2.20, P=.04). Other domains of QoL, dispositional mindfulness, pain-related interference, and demographics did not differ between groups. Among those who attained minimum dose, only pain-related interference was associated with fewer mindfulness sessions completed (P=.05). CONCLUSIONS App engagement was not recorded for slightly fewer than half of participants (ie, did not complete registration and ≥1 mindfulness session). Although reasons for non-adherence are unclear, findings suggest physical well-being and pain-related factors may be associated with participant AMT engagement. Given mindfulness practice time is associated with mindfulness skills uptake, future studies should explore approaches to optimize AMT engagement among participants with greater physical well-being and pain-related concerns.

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