Neural correlates of self-evaluation during puberty

Early adolescence is a time of flux in self-concept and self-esteem, as well as when puberty takes place. However, there is limited research on the neural correlates of self-evaluation in relation to pubertal development. The current study aimed to examine how age and pubertal development associate with neural activation during self-evaluation in a community sample of girls, and if these associations depend on the type of evaluated trait. Participants (N=143; age 10.0-13.0) completed a functional MRI task in which they judged the self-descriptiveness of adjectives describing prosocial, antisocial and social status-related traits. Pubertal development was examined using the self-reported Pubertal Development Scale, and morning salivary testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and estradiol. Contrary to preregistered hypotheses, age and pubertal development were not related to neural activation during self-evaluation. We also examined whether activation in two areas linked to self-referential processing, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and perigenual anterior cingulate (pgACC), could predict trial-level self-evaluative behaviour. In line with the preregistered hypothesis, higher vmPFC and pgACC activation during self-evaluation predicted more endorsement of negative items and less endorsement of positive items. Future studies should test longitudinal associations, as well as the predictive value of the neural correlates of self-evaluation for adolescent mental health.

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The Role of the Right Prefrontal Cortex in Self-evaluation of the Face: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2008.20024 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 342-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Tomoyo Morita ◽

Shoji Itakura ◽

Daisuke N. Saito ◽

Satoshi Nakashita ◽

Tokiko Harada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Face Recognition ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Video Recording ◽

Imaging Study ◽

The Self ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Precentral Gyrus ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

The Right

Individuals can experience negative emotions (e.g., embarrassment) accompanying self-evaluation immediately after recognizing their own facial image, especially if it deviates strongly from their mental representation of ideals or standards. The aim of this study was to identify the cortical regions involved in self-recognition and self-evaluation along with self-conscious emotions. To increase the range of emotions accompanying self-evaluation, we used facial feedback images chosen from a video recording, some of which deviated significantly from normal images. In total, 19 participants were asked to rate images of their own face (SELF) and those of others (OTHERS) according to how photogenic they appeared to be. After scanning the images, the participants rated how embarrassed they felt upon viewing each face. As the photogenic scores decreased, the embarrassment ratings dramatically increased for the participant's own face compared with those of others. The SELF versus OTHERS contrast significantly increased the activation of the right prefrontal cortex, bilateral insular cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and bilateral occipital cortex. Within the right prefrontal cortex, activity in the right precentral gyrus reflected the trait of awareness of observable aspects of the self; this provided strong evidence that the right precentral gyrus is specifically involved in self-face recognition. By contrast, activity in the anterior region, which is located in the right middle inferior frontal gyrus, was modulated by the extent of embarrassment. This finding suggests that the right middle inferior frontal gyrus is engaged in self-evaluation preceded by self-face recognition based on the relevance to a standard self.

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Making High Committed Workplaces by Strong Organizational Values

Journal of Human Values ◽

10.1177/0971685818764064 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 127-137

Author(s):

Zoltán Krajcsák

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Model ◽

Affective Commitment ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Organizational Values ◽

The Self ◽

Motivational Strategies ◽

Group Level ◽

Value System ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

High Level

Organizational values determine the behaviour and norms expected in the organization. The more similar the attitude, the way of thinking and the value system among organizational members the stronger the culture is. The characteristics of personality can be well modelled with the concept of self-evaluation. The purpose of this article is to create a theoretical framework that reveals the relationships between self-evaluation dimensions, organizational values and employees’ commitment dimensions. Based on the results, affective commitment is supported by a high level of self-esteem and self-efficacy through the organizational values such as collaboration, trust, affiliation, achievement, autonomy, competition and growth. In contrast, professional commitment is supported by a high level of locus of control and emotional stability, through the organizational values such as routinization, attention to details, formalization, support, communication and consistency. The conclusions of the theoretical model can be used to determine effective motivational strategies for groups and organizations with strong cultures, as the results show that motivational tools used at group level can be successful as well, depending on the self-evaluation profiles.

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Medial Cortical Structures Mediate Implicit Trustworthiness Judgments about Kin Faces, but Not Familiar Faces: A Brief Report

Psych ◽

10.3390/psych1010037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 482-490 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Steven M. Platek ◽

Judson C. Hendry

Keyword(s):

Right Hemisphere ◽

Kin Recognition ◽

Insular Cortex ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

The Self ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽

Facial Stimuli ◽

The Right ◽

Processing Network

Human kin recognition activates substrates of the extended facial processing network, notably the right-hemisphere structures involved in self-face recognition and posterior medial cortical substrates. To understand the mechanisms underlying prosociality toward kin faces in comparison to other familiar faces, we investigated the neural correlates of implicit trustworthiness ratings to faces of actual kin and personal friends, controlling for activation to distracter faces. When controlling for activation associated with unknown faces, trustworthiness ratings of faces of kin, compared to friends, were associated with increased activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate, and precuneous. On the other hand, trustworthiness ratings of friend faces, relative to kin faces, were associated with the lateral occipital gyrus and insular cortex. Trustworthiness ratings for unknown faces were only associated with activation in the fusiform gyrus. These findings suggest that we should employ medial cortical substrates known to be part of the self-other network when making implicit social judgements about kin, but not other classes of facial stimuli.

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UNDERTAKING TOURISM IN MOUNTAIN AREAS BY THE DISABLED AND THE LEVEL OF THEIR SELF-EVALUATION – A PILOT STUDY

Folia Turistica ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.2644 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 95-115

Author(s):

Marta Wieczorek ◽

Aleksandra Sadziak ◽

Wojciech Wiliński

Keyword(s):

Social Acceptance ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Small Sample ◽

The Self ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Sensory Disabilities

Purpose. The aim of the study was to determine the self-esteem level and its diversity depending on selected variables in persons with disabilities engaged in mountain tourism. Methods. The research method was diagnostic survey. For the purpose of determining the self-esteem level, quantitative analysis of data obtained on the basis of SES Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (in its Polish adaptation by Dzwonkowska, Lachowicz-Tabaczek and Łaguna) and qualitative analysis of statements made by subjects with disabilities were performed. 26 persons with motor and sensory disabilities took part in the study, all of whom were participants of the project "People with disabilities in the mountains – Together we Reach the Peaks". Findings. The study showed the great importance of the undertaken mountain tourism for raising their self-esteem and self-confidence, overcoming their own fears and acquiring social acceptance, which has contributed to the improvement of self-evaluation in the subjects and thus, improving their quality of life. Research and conclusions limitations. The small sample size does not allow for the presentation and generalisation of conclusions in relation to the whole population of those with disabilities. Practical implications. Defining the direction of action concerning the activities that can be organised to create the possibility of self-fulfilment and socialisation for people with physical and sensory disabilities. Originality. The study covered a special (unique) group of people with disabilities – participants of the project “People with disabilities in the mountains – Together we Reach the Peaks”. Type of paper. The article presents the results of empirical research.

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Self-Esteem in the Presence of God

Journal of Psychology and Theology ◽

10.1177/009164718901700303 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 226-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eric L. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Religious Orientation ◽

Affective Response ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Self ◽

Religious Influence ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Presence Of God ◽

Christian Culture ◽

Christian Understanding ◽

Self Knowledge

Many individuals living in our post-Christian culture have placed the self in the position most cultures reserve for their god(s). Present cultural interest in self-esteem flows from this religious orientation. Unfortunately, the Christian church has not been entirely impervious to this non-Christian religious influence. While acknowledging the psychological importance of self-esteem, the author suggests that self-esteem is an unavoidably religious experience. An attempt is made to outline a Christian understanding of proper self-esteem: an affective response to the self-knowledge and self-evaluation that results from knowing God. The evaluative context of the Christian and non-Christian are also contrasted. The article concludes with some implications of the material for personal life and professional practice.

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Self-Appraisal, Anxiety and Depression in Women

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.151.5.643 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 151 (5) ◽

pp. 643-651 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

J. G. Ingham ◽

N. B. Kreitman ◽

P. McC. Miller ◽

S. P. Sashidharan ◽

P. G. Surtees

Keyword(s):

Predictive Power ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Depressive Illness ◽

Clinical State ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Self Confidence ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

First Interview

Depressive illness is known to be associated with low self-evaluation, but it has been suggested that there may be a reciprocal connection as well, such that low self-appraisal (in the absence of illness) makes the subsequent onset of depression more likely. A prospective study, using a community sample of 376 women, provided data about clinical state over a period of 18 months, and self-appraisal questionnaire scores were determined on two occasions separated by 6 months. There was no evidence that low self-evaluation predicted future episodes of depressive illness, except in women who reported previous psychological episodes for which they had sought medical help, and, even for those with previous episodes, much of the predictive power of low self-esteem was accounted for by individuals who were subsequently recognised to have been in the early stages of illness. Conversely, there was little evidence that prior episodes predicted future illness in people with high self-esteem. One explanation of the findings is that recurrent episodes of illness cause progressive impairment of self-appraisal, but other possibilities are also considered. Women who had recovered from illnesses detected at the first interview still had significantly less self-confidence 6 months later than those who were well throughout.

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INTROSPECTIVENESS, PSYCHOSOCIAL RESOURCES DEPRESSION

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.2001.29.2.105 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 105-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Scott Schieman ◽

Karen Van Gundy

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Community Sample ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Self ◽

Self Concept ◽

Psychosocial Resources

What conditions moderate the association between introspectiveness and mental health? This research tests the hypotheses that self-esteem, mastery, and social support moderate the association between introspectiveness and depression. Based on a community sample of 850 respondents, results show that introspectiveness and depression are more positive under the conditions of low esteem, mastery, and support. Results are interpreted in light of theories of the self-concept, personality dispositions, and mental health.

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Study on the Self-evaluation of Self-esteem among Young Adults

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.286 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 705-709

Author(s):

Cătălin Păunescu ◽

Gabriel Piţigoi ◽

Gabriela Gagea ◽

Mihaela Păunescu

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Self ◽

Self Evaluation

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An evaluation of the relationship between self-esteem and pet bonding in children

10.32469/10355/45782 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Pamela L. Evans-Smith

Keyword(s):

Physical Appearance ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

The Self ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Obese Children ◽

Future Studies ◽

Dog Ownership ◽

Self Worth ◽

The Relationship

Obesity has been linked to many physical as well as psychological problems. Many children who are obese suffer from low self-esteem. No studies have been published documenting the effect of owning a dog on the self-esteem of children who are obese. This study used a non-experimental, descriptive, four-group comparison design. One-hundred-twenty participants comprised the four groups: obese children with a dog, obese children without a dog, children of a healthy weight with a dog, and children of a healthy weight without a dog. Participants who were in the 85th percentile or higher for their height and weight were placed in the obese group. All participants completed the Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) and participants who owned a dog that lived in the house at least 50% of the time also completed the Pet Bonding Scale (PBS). The four groups were similar on most demographic characteristics. Obese children had lower scores in the domains of Physical Appearance, Social Competence, and Self-Worth. Participants in the study who owned a dog, both obese and of a healthy weight, were more likely to have lower Physical Appearance and Behavioral Conduct scores. All 60 participants in this study who owned a dog considered the dog to be a member of their family. The findings of this study can be used as the basis for future studies evaluating the relationships between dog ownership of obese children and effects on self-esteem.

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