scholarly journals Measuring Six Facets of Curiosity in Two Cultures: A Validation of the Theory of Multi-Facetted Curiosity in Germany and the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Joachim Grüning ◽  
Clemens M. Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Factorial Validity ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
English Version ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Heterogeneous Samples ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
The Uk

The five-dimensional curiosity-scale revised by Kashdan et al. (2020) is the most comprehensive inventory of curiosity. We provide the first validation of this newly proposed structure of curiosity in cultures (Germany and UK) other than the United States. In the process, we develop the first adaptation of this inventory in another language, namely German (6DNS). We also provide the first measurement invariance analyses for this curiosity inventory across two cultures and the socio-demographics age, sex, and education. We use two diverse quota samples from Germany (N = 486) and the UK (N = 483). In both countries, we investigate the single facets' reliability, factorial validity, and convergent and divergent validity with a large set of individual-differences constructs. Findings demonstrate that both the new German version (6DNS) and the English version (5DCR) show psychometric properties similar to the original findings by Kashdan et al. (2020). Moreover, all facets of the inventory reach at least scalar invariance across cultures, sex, education, and largely across age. The findings support the six-faceted theory of curiosity and show that 5DCR/6DNS is the first curiosity inventory that allows an assessment of a multifaceted curiosity across cultures and for heterogeneous samples.

scholarly journals Évaluation Des Prédispositions À L'Action Sociale

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick O'Neill ◽  
Rachel Thibeault
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
English Version ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Personal Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity

Citizen participation in social change may depend, in part, on certain beliefs about the world and about the power of the citizen to change social conditions. To evaluate the belief in personal power and the belief that social conditions are often unjust, two scales were created. The multi-trait multi-method matrix of Campbell and Fiske was used to establish convergent and divergent validity of the English version of the scales. The scales predicted results in relevant experiments and distinguished among community groups that were, or were not, involved in social action. This article presents French versions of the two scales and reliability data from two studies. In the first study, data were gathered from a sample of 100 Acadians in Nova Scotia. The results indicated that the scales have both convergent and divergent validity. In the second study, we administered both the English and the French versions of the scales to a bilingual sample. The correlations between the English and French versions were sufficiently high for the versions to be considered equivalent.

scholarly journals Masculinities Representations Inventory (MRI, English Version): A Measure of Gender (Re)Presentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-183
Author(s):  
Russell Luyt
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Male Student ◽  
Personal Attributes ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
English Version ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Personal Attributes Questionnaire ◽  
Male Role Norms

This article introduces the Masculinities Representations Inventory (MRI), English version, as a multidimensional measure of gender (re)presentation. It provides structural, convergent, and divergent validity, as well as reliability evidence, in support of its use among English speakers in South Africa. Principal components analysis with a male student sample ( n = 319) confirms the measure’s construct multidimensionality. Three factors inform a 29-item total- and subscale measure, including dominant Representations of Othering (Anti-Effeminacy and Homo-Negativity), Responsibility (Dependability and Success), and Control (Dominance and Toughness). Evidence of convergent validity is seen in predicted patterns of correlation between MRI scale scores and those of the Male Role Norms Inventory as well as Gender Role Conflict Scales. Evidence of divergent validity is apparent in nonsignificant correlations, in all but one case (Masculinity), with the Personal Attributes Questionnaire scale scores.

The Construct, Convergent and Divergent Validity, and Reliability of Three Optimism Scales among North American University Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412093314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cirilo H. Garcia Cadena ◽  
Héctor L. Diaz ◽  
Tomas Caycho-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity

The primary objective of this study is to compare the construct, convergent and divergent validity and the reliability of three optimism scales. The study relied on a nonprobability sample of 100 social work students at Western Michigan University in the United States (Seventy-nine percent of the sample were female, and 21% were male). The sample’s mean age was 26.35 years, SD = 7.70. Sixty-nine percent (69%) of the respondents self-identified as White, and 31% self-identified as African American, Hispanic/Latino, multiethnic, Native American or Asian American. The study used confirmatory factor and multiple regression analyses (CFA and MRA). The findings show that the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R) and the Personal Optimism Scale (POS) were supported by three indicators of goodness of fit, while the Brief Interactive Optimism Scale-Garcia (BIOS-G) was supported by eight. The LOT-R showed no acceptable internal consistency indicators, but the POS and the BIOS-G showed several good internal consistency indicators. Correlations of all of these scales with the Physical Well-being Scale-Garcia (PWS-G) ranged from r (100) = .303, p = .002 to r (100) = .439, p = .000. The three scales had divergent validity because their scores did not differ by gender (LOT-R: t(100) = −.885, p = .383; POS: t(100) = −.263, p = .794; BIOS-G: t(100) = −.840, p = .407). The findings suggest the advisability of recommending the BIOS-G, which is short and easy to use and understand.

scholarly journals Leading the Charge in the Education Sector: Development and Validation of the School Implementation Leadership Scale (SILS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R Lyon ◽  
Catherine M. Corbin ◽  
Eric C. Brown ◽  
Mark G. Ehrhart ◽  
Jill Locke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
Teaching Attitudes ◽  
Implementation Leadership

Abstract BackgroundStrategic implementation leadership is a critical determinant of successful implementation, hypothesized to create a more supportive implementation climate conducive to the adoption and use of evidence-based practices. Implementation leadership behaviors may vary significantly across contexts, necessitating studies that examine the validity of established measurement tools in novel health service delivery sectors. The education sector is the most common site for delivering mental health services to children and adolescents in the United States, but research focused on implementation leadership in schools is in the early phases, and there is a need for adaptation and expansion of instruments in order to tailor to the school context. The current study adapted and validated the School Implementation Leadership Scale (SILS) (based on the Implementation Leadership Scale) in a sample of elementary school personnel from six school districts who were implementing one of two well-established prevention programs for supporting children’s mental health.MethodsParticipants were 441 public school teachers from 52 elementary schools in the Midwest and West Coast of the United States. Participants completed a survey that contained: (1) an adapted and expanded version of the SILS with additional items generated for four existing subscales as well as three new subscales (Communication, Vision/Mission, and Availability), and (2) additional tools to evaluate convergent and divergent validity (i.e., measures of general/molar leadership and teaching attitudes). Data underwent: (1) examination of item characteristic curves to reduce items and ensure a pragmatic instrument, (2) confirmatory factor analyses to establish structural validity, and (3) evaluation of convergent and divergent validity.ResultsItem reduction analyses resulted in seven subscales of three items each. Results indicated acceptable fit for a seven-factor structural model (CFI = .995, TLI = .99, RMSEA = .08, WRMR = 0.95). Second-order factor loadings were high (λ = .89 to .96), suggesting that the SILS subscales comprise a higher-order Implementation Leadership factor. All subscales demonstrated good inter-item reliability (α = .91 - .96). Convergent and divergent validity results were generally as hypothesized, with moderate to high correlations between SILS subscales and general leadership, moderate correlations with teaching attitudes, and low correlations with school demographics.ConclusionsOverall, results provided strong structural, convergent, and divergent validity evidence for the 21-item, 7-factor SILS instrument. Implications for the measurement of implementation leadership in schools are discussed, as well as strategies to support leaders to enhance their strategic behaviors related to the implementation of mental health prevention programs (e.g., adaptation of existing leadership-focused implementation strategies).Clinical Trial Registration: Not applicable.

The construct validity of three entry level personality inventories used in the UK: cautionary findings from a multiple‐inventory investigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S39-S66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Anderson ◽  
Deniz S. Ones
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Divergent Validity ◽  
Range Restriction ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽  
The Uk

This paper reports psychometric analyses into the convergent and divergent validity of three popular entry‐level measures of occupational personality in the UK and Continental Europe. A sample of 504 individuals completed all three measures: the British version of the Hogan Personality Inventory (HPI), the Occupational Personality Questionnaire (OPQ Version FS5.2), and the Business Personality Indicator (BPI). In addition, independent ratings of the conceptual loading of primary source scales onto the Five Factor Model (FFM) were obtained (n = 66). Data were used in a three‐stage analytical procedure directed at examining psychometric and construct validity. Results are reported for descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations, Cohen's d), internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alphas), and exploratory factor analyses. Findings into the construct validity of first‐order scales (i.e. primary source scales) and second‐order scales (i.e. FFM loadings) are presented in detail, including multitrait–multimethod (MTMM) analyses of convergent and divergent validity. For some scales, the observed variability in our sample suggested significant range restriction/enhancement. It was found that scale reliabilities were generally lower than those typically reported by the test publishers, and that published factor structures for these measures could not be replicated by the authors for this sample of individuals. Further independent construct validity research into occupational personality inventories is encouraged based upon our proposed model of single‐, dual‐, and multiple‐inventory construct validation studies. Practically, our findings suggest that when IWO psychologists or personnel professionals aim to select/screen job applicants for a particular personality trait those who are selected may vary depending on (i) which personality inventory is used, (ii) the actual variability in the applicant sample tested, and (iii) reliability of the scales under consideration. As such, this study sounds a note of caution. Future research is called for to replicate these findings. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

An exploratory study of intangibles risk disclosure in annual reports of banking companies from the UK, US, Germany and Italy - Some descriptive insights

2013 ◽  
pp. 81-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Durst
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Risk Disclosure ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
The Uk

Intangibles are viewed as the key drivers in most industries, and current research shows that firms voluntarily disclose information about their investments in intangibles and their potential benefits. Yet little is known of the risks relating to such resources and the disclosures firms make about such risks. In order to obtain a more balanced and complete picture of firms' activities, information about the risky side of their intangibles is also needed. This exploratory study provides some descriptive insights into intangibles-related risk disclosure in a sample of 16 large banks from the United States (US), United Kingdom (UK), Germany and Italy. Annual report data is analyzed using the three Intellectual Capital dimensions. Study findings illustrate the variety of intangibles-related risk disclosure as demonstrated by the banks involved.

‘To see oursels as ithers see us’: Reflections on Scottish Independence from the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Hague ◽  
Alan Mackie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scottish Diaspora

The United States media have given rather little attention to the question of the Scottish referendum despite important economic, political and military links between the US and the UK/Scotland. For some in the US a ‘no’ vote would be greeted with relief given these ties: for others, a ‘yes’ vote would be acclaimed as an underdog escaping England's imperium, a narrative clearly echoing America's own founding story. This article explores commentary in the US press and media as well as reporting evidence from on-going interviews with the Scottish diaspora in the US. It concludes that there is as complex a picture of the 2014 referendum in the United States as there is in Scotland.

Science, Politics, and the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 303-309
Author(s):  
J. Nicholas Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
The Uk

Comparing the virus responses in Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States shows that in order for scientific expertise to result in effective policy, rational political leadership is required. Each of these three countries is known for advanced biomedical research, yet their experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic diverged widely. Germany’s political leadership carefully followed scientific advice and organized public–private partnerships to scale up testing, resulting in relatively low infection levels. The UK and US political responses were far more erratic and less informed by scientific advice—and proved much less effective.

Menelaah Lebih Dekat “Post Factual/Post Truth Politics, Studi Kasus Brexit” (Analsis Resensi Media)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Wahyono ◽  
Rizka Amalia ◽  
Ikma Citra Ranteallo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
New Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

This research further examines the video entitled “what is the truth about post-factual politics?” about the case in the United States related to Trump and in the UK related to Brexit. The phenomenon of Post truth/post factual also occurs in Indonesia as seen in the political struggle experienced by Ahok in the governor election (DKI Jakarta). Through Michel Foucault's approach to post truth with assertive logic, the mass media is constructed for the interested parties and ignores the real reality. The conclusion of this study indicates that new media was able to spread various discourses ranging from influencing the way of thoughts, behavior of society to the ideology adopted by a society.Keywords: Post factual, post truth, new media

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