scholarly journals The Structure of Deception: Validation of the Lying Profile Questionnaire

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Makowski ◽  
Tam Pham ◽  
Zen Juen Lau ◽  
LEOW WEI YANG DAYTON ◽  
Adrian Raine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Dispositional Trait ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits

While deception is considered as a common phenomenon with important implications, its conceptualization and study as a dispositional trait is under-represented in the literature. Critically, and despite scientific evidence supporting the existence of individual differences in lying, a validated measure of dispositional deception is still lacking. This study aims to explore the structure of dispositional deception by developing and validating a short and reliable 16-item questionnaire to characterize the lying pattern of individuals. Our findings suggest the existence of four distinct latent dimensions to lying, namely frequency, ability, negativity, and contextuality. We establish the convergent validity of our measure of lying by showing significant relationships with social desirability, malevolent traits, cognitive control deficits, normal and pathological personality traits, as well as demographic variables such as sex, age, and religiosity. Overall, the present study introduces a general framework to understanding deception as a dispositional trait which future deception studies can build on, accounting for the inter-individual variability in lying.

Structure of Pathological Personality Traits through the Lens of the CAT-PD Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Leah Emery ◽  
Shereen Khoo ◽  
Lee Anna Clark ◽  
Yuliya Kotelnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Order Structure ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Pathological Personality Traits ◽  
Domain Level ◽  
Pooled Sample

Personality pathology is increasingly conceptualized within hierarchical, dimensional trait models. The Comprehensive Assessment of Traits Relevant to Personality Disorders (CAT-PD) is a measure of pathological traits with wider coverage than prevailing instruments—however, its domain-level structure is not established. In this pre-registered study, we investigated the domain level of the CAT-PD to provide structural evidence and construct validation of the higher-order structure of personality pathology using a more comprehensive set of lower-order traits than predominant measures. We estimated five- and six-factor models with exploratory factor analysis in a pooled sample of 8 independent subsamples (N=3,987) and found that both models fit the data well, each had interpretable factors that were invariant across gender and sample type, and the factors had good convergent validity with other maladaptive traits, Big Five personality, and interpersonal problems. Our results support the validity of the CAT-PD for assessing multiple levels of the pathological trait hierarchy.

Psychological Sense of Community and Newspaper Readership

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Davidson ◽  
Patrick R. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Local State ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Psychological Sense Of Community ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Local Newspaper ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Psychological Sense

An hypothesized association of psychological sense of community and newspaper readership was tested using telephone interviews with 1,007 randomly selected respondents in two states. The survey contained a 5-items measure of psychological sense of community and two indices of newspaper readership, amount of interest in local, state, and national news (3 items) and breadth of reading (14 items in one sample and 23 items in another). Regression analyses indicated significant relationships between scores on the Psychological Sense of Community scale and both readership indices after controlling for 5 demographic variables. Respondents with high scores on the Psychological Sense of Community scale reported a high interest in news about local, state, and national topics. Also, they claimed to read frequently many sections of their local newspaper.

Death Anxiety and Social Desirability among Nurses

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas O. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Scale Factors ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Principal Axes

Registered nurses ( n = 210) from Canadian public general hospitals were administered Templer's Death Anxiety Scale and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Responses on the Death Anxiety Scale were subjected to a principal-axes factor analysis, from which were extracted five factors. In the order of their relative prominence for the sample of nurses, the identified factors were: 1) “death anxiety denial,” 2) “general death anxiety,” 3) “fearful anticipation of death,” 4) “physical death fear,” and 5) “fear of catastrophic death.” Correlation analyses indicated a statistically significant inverse relationship between the variable of social desirability and “death anxiety denial”; however, no other statistically significant relationships were found to exist between the social desirability variable and the remaining four Death Anxiety Scale factors. The inverse relationship between a particular aspect of death anxiety and the response set of social desirability for nurses in this study was discussed in light of corroborative findings by other investigators, as well as in terms of its implications for further studies of death anxiety among health professionals.

scholarly journals The Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17)

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Stöber
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Social Desirability Scale ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The Social ◽  
Job Application ◽  
Age Cohort

Summary: Four studies are presented investigating the convergent validity, discriminant validity, and relationship with age of the Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17). As to convergent validity, SDS-17 scores showed correlations between .52 and .85 with other measures of social desirability (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Lie Scale, Sets of Four Scale, Marlowe-Crowne Scale). Moreover, scores were highly sensitive to social-desirability-provoking instructions (job-application instruction). Finally, with respect to the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, SDS-17 scores showed a unique correlation with impression management, but not with self-deception. As to discriminant validity, SDS-17 scores showed nonsignificant correlations with neuroticism, extraversion, psychoticism, and openness to experience, whereas there was some overlap with agreeableness and conscientiousness. With respect to relationship with age, the SDS-17 was administered in a sample stratified for age, with age ranging from 18 to 89 years. In all but the oldest age group, the SDS-17 showed substantial correlations with the Marlowe-Crowne Scale. The influence of age (cohort) on mean scores, however, was significantly smaller for the SDS-17 than for the Marlowe-Crowne Scale. In sum, results indicate that the SDS-17 is a reliable and valid measure of social desirability, suitable for adults of 18 to 80 years of age.

Marital Quality as a Function of Conservative Religious Identification in a Sample of Protestant and Catholic Wives from the Midwest

1989 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter R. Schumm ◽  
Felix C. Obiorah ◽  
Benjamin Silliman
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
Significant Relationships

Chi and Houseknecht in 1985 reported a negative relationship between fundamentalism and marital adjustment when only one spouse was a fundamentalist and no relationship when both were fundamentalists. In this study of 174 Protestant and Catholic wives, frequency of church attendance and self-identification as a fundamentalist, evangelical, or charismatic Christian were used to predict nine measures of marital quality in a regression analysis, with controls for marital social desirability. No significant relationships were found between the independent and dependent measures. No relationship was observed between the independent variables and marital social desirability.

Gotowość integracyjna a aprobata społeczna uczniów liceum w kontekście wybranych zmiennych demograficznych

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3 (253)) ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
Zdzisław Kazanowski ◽  
Piotr Alfred Gindrich
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
School Students ◽  
Major Question ◽  
Need For Approval ◽  
Research Findings

The purpose of the study is to identify the correlations between the high school students’ readiness for inclusion and their social desirability with respect to such demographic variables as: gender, place of residence and age. The research attempts to answer one major question: Is the students’ readiness for inclusion linked to social desirability? A Polish sample of 200 high school students aged between 16 and 18 (115 females and 85 males) participated in the study. The need for approval was assessed with Social Desirability Questionnaire (KAS) by R.Ł. Drwal and J. Wilczyńska. The readiness for inclusion was measured with Readiness for Inclusion Scale by Z. Kazanowski. The research findings reveal that the students’ social desirability is positively correlated with their readiness for inclusion. The associations of this type have also been found in the groups relevant to the demographic variables. It is evident that particularly age and place of residence may have an effect on the strength of the correlations between social desirability and readiness for inclusion in the sample of youth attending high school.

Reasons for Non-Engagement in Online Shopping

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rex P. Bringula
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

This study aimed to determine the reasons why Filipinos were not engaged in online shopping. Toward this aim, 400 respondents answered a 23-item questionnaire. It was revealed that most of the respondents were male, single, and at least college graduates. They were employees, belonged to diverse economic backgrounds, had computer and Internet access at home, and owned ATM cards. The majority did not have a credit card. Exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation revealed that there were four reasons why respondents were not engaged in online shopping. These reasons were availability of mall services (M), quality issues (Q), price concerns (P), and interest (I). Confirmatory factor analysis reduced the number of items of MQPI from 23 to 17 items. It was disclosed that the constructs were of good fit. Discriminant validity showed that all reasons were distinct from one another. Convergent validity of the constructs was also achieved. MQPI was able to capture 72% of the reasons why Filipinos were not engaged in online shopping. Implications and directions for future research that could be derived from this study were also presented.

Leadership, Cohesion, and Team Norms Regarding Cheating and Aggression

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lyle Light Shields ◽  
Douglas E. Gardner ◽  
Brenda Jo Light Bredemeier ◽  
Alan Bostrom
Keyword(s):  
Community College ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Team Cohesion ◽  
College Level ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Winning Team ◽  
Influence Behavior ◽  
Team Norms

The present study drew from the model of moral action proposed by Shields and Bredemeier (1995) according to which a sport team’s collective norms influence behavior. The focus was on team cheating and aggression norms in relation to demographic variables, leadership style, and team cohesion. Participants were baseball and softball players (N=298) at the high school and community college level. It was found that age, year in school, and years playing ball all correlated positively with expectations of peer cheating and aggression, and with the belief that the coach would sanction cheating if necessary to win. MANOVA results indicated higher anticipations of cheating and aggression among males, college athletes, winning team members, and nonstarters. Significant relationships between leadership style variables and collective team norms, and between team cohesion variables and collective team norms, were also obtained.

The Construct Validity of Session RPE During an Intensive Camp in Young Male Taekwondo Athletes

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monoem Haddad ◽  
Anis Chaouachi ◽  
Carlo Castagna ◽  
Del P. Wong ◽  
David G. Behm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Individual Session ◽  
Invasive Method

Purpose:The session rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a practical and non-invasive method that allows a quantification of the internal training load (TL) in individual and team sports, but no study has investigated its construct validity in martial arts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the convergent validity between the session-RPE method and two objective HR-based methods for quantifying the similar TL during a high-TL camp in young Taekwondo (TKD) athletes.Methods:Ten young TKD athletes (mean ± SD: age, 13.1 ± 2.4 y; body mass, 46.1 ± 12.7 kg; height, 1.53 ± 0.15 m; maximum heart rate (HRmax), 201.0 ± 8.2 bpm) participated in this study. During the training period, subjects performed 35 TKD training sessions, including two formal competitions during which RPE and HR were recorded and analyzed (308 individual training sessions). Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the convergent validity between session-RPE method and the two commonly used HR-based methods for assessing TL in a variety of training modes.Results:Significant relationships were found between individual session-RPE and all the HR-based TLs (r values from 0.55 to 0.90; P < .001). Significant correlations were observed in all mode of exercises practiced in TKD.Conclusions:This study shows that session-RPE can be considered as a valid method to assess TL in TKD.

scholarly journals International relevance of Two Measures of Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Sabatini ◽  
Obioha C Ukoumunne ◽  
Clive Ballard ◽  
Allyson Brothers ◽  
Roman Kaspar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
University Degree ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Functioning Subscale ◽  
Age Related Changes

Abstract Background: A questionnaire assessing awareness of positive and negative age-related changes (AARC gains and losses) was developed in the US and Germany. We validated the short form of the measure (AARC-10 SF) and the cognitive functioning subscale from the 50-item version of the AARC (AARC-50) questionnaire in the UK population aged 50 and over.Methods: Data from 14,797 participants in the “blind for review” cohort were used to explore and confirm the psychometric properties of the AARC measures including: validity of the factor structure; reliability; measurement invariance across males and females and across individuals with and without a university degree; and convergent validity with measures of self-perception of aging and mental, physical, and cognitive health. We also explored the relationship between demographic variables and AARC.Results: We confirmed the two-factor structure (gains and losses) of the AARC-10 SF and the AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale. Both scales showed good reliability and convergent validity. The meaning of AARC gains and losses was the same across males and females and across individuals with and without a university degree. Items composing AARC scales had the same meaning across individuals with and without a university degree. Items composing the AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale had the same meaning across males and females. Two items in the AARC-10 SF had different meaning across males and females. Demographic variables significantly predicted AARC gains and losses.Conclusions: The AARC-10 SF and AARC-50 cognitive functioning subscale can help to identify UK individuals who perceive age-related changes in their mental, physical, and cognitive health.

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