scholarly journals How to Use a Multi-Criteria Comparison Procedure to Improve Modeling Competitions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason L. Harman ◽  
Michael Yu ◽  
Emmanouil Konstantinidis ◽  
Cleotilde Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Selection Method ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Evaluative Criteria ◽  
Single Criterion ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Modeling competitions are a promising method for advancing psychological science. In this commentary to Erev, Ert, Plonsky, Cohen, & Cohen (2017), we highlight how this promise could be enhanced through modifying competition structures to produce insights more directly in line with the goals of promoting psychological knowledge. We argue that a single criterion on which models are compared limits the diversity of models entered into competitions, restricting the number and type of insights that can be gained consequently. We propose an alternative competition structure with multiple evaluative criteria and outline a quantitative selection method for choosing a winner. Our proposed competition structure has the advantages of: a) increasing the diversity of models entered, b) incentivizing desirable qualities of models, c) disambiguating competition winners, and d) enhancing the impact and possible insights gained from competitions, all these while allowing flexibility for competition organizers to emphasize specific qualities of models.

History of Sexual Orientation and Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Kristin A. Hancock ◽  
Douglas C. Haldeman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
The Impact

Psychology’s understanding of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people has evolved, become more refined, and impacted the lives of LGB people in profound ways. This chapter traces the history of LGB psychology from the nineteenth century to the present and focuses on major events and the intersections of theory, psychological science, politics, and activism in the history of this field. It explores various facets of cultural and psychological history that include the pathologizing of homosexuality, the rise of psychological science and the political movements in the mid-twentieth century, and the major shifts in policy that ensued. The toll of the AIDS epidemic on the field is discussed as is the impact of psychological research on national and international policy and legislation.

scholarly journals Open source smartphone apps and tools for measuring, quantifying, and visualizing screen time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Geyer ◽  
David Alexander Ellis ◽  
Heather Shaw ◽  
Brittany I Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Screen Time ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Open Platform ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Android App ◽  
The Impact

Psychological science has spent many years attempting to understand the impact of new technology on people and society. However, the frequent use of self-report methods to quantify patterns of usage struggle to capture subtle nuances of human-computer interaction. This has become particularly problematic for devices like smartphones that are used frequently and for a variety of purposes. While commercial apps can provide an element of objectivity, these are ‘closed’ and cannot be adapted to deliver a researcher-focused ‘open’ platform that allows for straightforward replication. Therefore, we have developed a freely available android app, which provides accurate, highly detailed, and customisable accounts of smartphone usage without compromising participants privacy. Further recommendations and code are provided in order to assist with data analysis.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Data Sharing Practices in the Psychological Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Neve ◽  
Guillaume A Rousselet
Keyword(s):  
Data Sharing ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Science Data ◽  
Editorial Policies ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
The Impact

Sharing data has many benefits. However, data sharing rates remain low, for the most part well below 50%. A variety of interventions encouraging data sharing have been proposed. We focus here on editorial policies. Kidwell et al. (2016) assessed the impact of the introduction of badges in Psychological Science; Hardwicke et al. (2018) assessed the impact of Cognition’s mandatory data sharing policy. Both studies found policies to improve data sharing practices, but only assessed the impact of the policy for up to 25 months after its implementation. We examined the effect of these policies over a longer term by reusing their data and collecting a follow-up sample including articles published up until December 31st, 2019. We fit generalized additive models as these allow for a flexible assessment of the effect of time, in particular to identify non-linear changes in the trend. These models were compared to generalized linear models to examine whether the non-linearity is needed. Descriptive results and the outputs from generalized additive and linear models were coherent with previous findings: following the policies in Cognition and Psychological Science, data sharing statement rates increased immediately and continued to increase beyond the timeframes examined previously, until reaching close to 100%. In Clinical Psychological Science, data sharing statement rates started to increase only two years following the implementation of badges. Reusability rates jumped from close to 0% to around 50% but did not show changes within the pre-policy nor the post-policy timeframes. Journals that did not implement a policy showed no change in data sharing rates or reusability over time. There was variability across journals in the levels of increase, so we suggest future research should examine a larger number of policies to draw conclusions about their efficacy. We also encourage future research to investigate the barriers to data sharing specific to psychology subfields to identify the best interventions to tackle them.

The Result of Covid-19 Spreads in Education World

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Nur Laila Molla
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human History ◽  
The World ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 is the most devastating pandemic in human history. Every aspect of human life on earth is disrupted, with little or no education. Many countries have decided to close schools, colleges, and universities, including Indonesia. The crisis came as a shock to governments in every part of the world, including Indonesia, which had to make drastic decisions to close their schools and save lives or to reopen schools in order to save workers’ livelihoods. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the spread of covid-19 in the world of education. 75 respondents used for sample. The sample selection method used was the target sample. An analytical tool used to assess product duration and determination. Test results show that the spread of Covid-19 has a positive impact on the education world. The study found that the spread of covid-19 affects the world of education.

scholarly journals Optimal Packetization Interval for VoIP Applications Over IEEE 802.16 Networks

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehan Perera ◽  
Harsha Sirisena ◽  
Krzysztof Pawlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Ieee 802.16 ◽  
Mac Layer ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Delay Sensitive ◽  
Constant Bit Rate ◽  
Unsolicited Grant Service ◽  
Interval Selection ◽  
The Impact

An analysis of the impact of the packetization interval for constant bit rate traffic has been done in the context of the IEEE 802.16 MAC layer. Bandwidth used for overheads which include lower layer headers as well as retransmissions at the MAC layer is considered. An optimal packetization interval selection method for delay sensitive applications such as VoIP is proposed. Enhancements to the Unsolicited Grant Service retransmission strategy are proposed to further improve delay and minimize packet loss while making efficient use of the limited bandwidth resource.

An Experimental Investigation of How Judicial Elections Affect Public Faith in the Judicial System

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Nownes ◽  
Colin Glennon
Keyword(s):  
Selection Method ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
State Courts ◽  
State Court ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Institutional Legitimacy ◽  
Judicial Elections ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
The Impact

Judicial scholars have often speculated about the impact of elections on the administration of justice in the state courts. Yet relatively little research has concerned itself with public perceptions of state court selection methods. Of particular interest is the concept of legitimacy. Do elections negatively affect public perceptions of judicial legitimacy? Bonneau and Hall (2009) and Gibson (2012) answer this question with an emphatic “No.” Judicial elections, these studies show, are not uniquely troublesome for perceptions of institutional legitimacy. This article aims to extend the findings of Bonneau and Hall and Gibson via a laboratory experiment on the effects of elections on public perceptions of judicial legitimacy. In the end, we find that because elections preempt the use of the other main selection method—appointment—they actually enhance perceptions of judicial legitimacy rather than diminish them.

scholarly journals Theoretical and methodological foundations of profiling as an interdisciplinary field of psychological knowledge

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Bella Psareva ◽  
Alexandra Gamayunova
Keyword(s):  
General Knowledge ◽  
Specific Subject ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
Purposeful Activity

The article discusses one of the new applied areas in psychology, which is the non-instrumental diagnosis of lie, i.e.profiling. Currently, one of the new applied areas in psychology is profiling. Modern profiling includes knowledge, abilities, and skills (hereinafter, KAS), developed on the basis of the achievements of contemporary Psychological Science, a clear affiliation to a specific subject. The basis of integrative psychotechnology is a complex of knowledge in Psychological Sciences, where the object of general knowledge is the personality, his/her features, behavior, and general psychological laws of organizing purposeful activity. The authors come to the conclusion that profiling is an area of theoretical, methodological, integrated, scientifically grounded knowledge in related disciplines of Psychological Science.

Keeping Up with the Souzas: Social Influence and Electoral Change in a Weak Party System, Brazil 2002–2006

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Ames ◽  
Miguel García-Sánchez ◽  
Amy Erica Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Party System ◽  
Presidential Candidate ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Stability And Change ◽  
Neighborhood Influences ◽  
Evaluative Criteria ◽  
Electoral Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Weak Party

AbstractDespite weak partisanship and considerable political change in the wake of the 2002 election, three-quarters of Brazilian voters supported a presidential candidate in 2006 from the same party they had backed in 2002. This article assesses the factors causing both electoral stability and electoral change with a transition model, a model testing whether the effects of respondents' evaluative criteria depend on their initial vote choices. Social context—personal discussion networks, neighborhood influences, and the interactions of social networks and municipal context—is the major force promoting stability and change, while the impact of partisanship is limited to a small share of voters.

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