Childhood phenotypic manifestations of genetic risk for anorexia nervosa in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziada Ayorech ◽  
Neil Martin Davies ◽  
Hunna Watson ◽  
Zeynep Yilmaz ◽  
Martin Tesli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Eating Problems ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Study Results

Anorexia nervosa (AN) polygenic liability has been associated with mental health traits, eating problems, and body mass index (BMI) in adolescence and adulthood, but little is known about its manifestations in early childhood. We explore AN polygenic score (PGS) associations with six childhood domains: BMI, eating problems, neurodevelopment, emotional problems, disruptive/aggressive behaviour, and temperament/personality in 15,205 children from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Results did not support associations between AN PGS and developmental phenotypes in girls. For boys, we observed an association between AN PGS and higher temperamental fussiness at 6 months, (b= 0.036 [95% CI=0.010,0.061]). Our results suggest that genetic risk for AN as indexed by the PGS has few observable manifestations in key neurodevelopmental domains in the first 8 years of life. Future studies with more powerful PGS that track children longer may aid in understanding how and when genetic risk for AN manifest developmentally.

Generalization of a genetic risk score for time to first albuminuria in children with sickle cell anaemia: SCCRIP cohort study results

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara R. Rashkin ◽  
Evadnie Rampersaud ◽  
Guolian Kang ◽  
Kenneth I. Ataga ◽  
Jane S. Hankins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Sickle Cell Anaemia ◽  
Genetic Risk Score ◽  
Study Results

scholarly journals Early childhood aggressive behaviour: Negative interactions with paternal antisocial behaviour and maternal postpartum depressive symptoms across two international cohorts

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mijke P. Lambregtse-van den Berg ◽  
Henning Tiemeier ◽  
Frank C. Verhulst ◽  
Vincent Jaddoe ◽  
Elizabeth Tindall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Childhood Aggression ◽  
Negative Interaction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Postpartum Depression

AbstractBackground:Early childhood aggressive behaviour is a predictor of future violence. Therefore, identifying risk factors for children’s aggressive behaviour is important in understanding underlying mechanisms. Maternal postpartum depression is a known risk factor. However, little research has focused on the influence of paternal behaviour on early childhood aggression and its interaction with maternal postpartum depression.Methods:This study was performed in two cohorts: the Fathers Project, in the United Kingdom (n = 143) and the Generation R Study, in The Netherlands (n = 549). In both cohorts, we related paternal antisocial personality (ASP) traits and maternal postpartum depressive (PPD) symptoms to childhood aggressive behaviour at age two (Fathers Project) and age three (Generation R Study). We additionally tested whether the presence of paternal ASP traits increased the association between maternal PPD–symptoms and early childhood aggression.Results:The association between paternal ASP traits and early childhood aggressive behaviour, corrected for maternal PPD-symptoms, was similar in magnitude between the cohorts (Fathers Project: standardized β = 0.12, p = 0.146; Generation R: β = 0.14, p = 0.001), although the association was not statistically significant in the Fathers Project. Strikingly, and in contrast to our expectations, there was evidence of a negative interaction between paternal ASP traits and maternal PPD-symptoms on childhood aggressive behaviour (Fathers Project: β = −0.20, p = 0.020; Generation R: β = −0.09, p = 0.043) in both studies. This meant that with higher levels of paternal ASP traits the association between maternal PPD-symptoms and childhood aggressive behaviour was less and vice versa.Conclusions:Our findings stress the importance of including both maternal and paternal psychopathology in future studies and interventions focusing on early childhood aggressive behaviour.

scholarly journals Education as a moderator of genetic risk for higher body mass index: prospective cohort study from childhood to adulthood

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 866-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Komulainen ◽  
L Pulkki-Raback ◽  
M Jokela ◽  
L-P Lyytikäinen ◽  
N Pitkänen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Prospective Cohort

scholarly journals Quality of Life, Physical and Mental Health of Family Caregivers of Dependent People with Complex Chronic Disease: Protocol of a Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7489
Author(s):  
Raquel Marfil-Gómez ◽  
Marta Morales-Puerto ◽  
Álvaro León-Campos ◽  
José Miguel Morales-Asencio ◽  
Juan Carlos Morilla-Herrera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Study Results ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
Complex Chronic Disease ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: informal caregivers have a high risk of suffering from diseases derived from the chronic stress to which they are subjected for their dedication to the care of their relatives. Such stress has a direct influence on the person cared for, mainly affecting the quality of their care. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to assess the association of caregiving on physical and mental perceived health in family caregivers of dependent adults with complex chronic diseases. Methods: a prospective longitudinal cohort study, with a follow-up period of 36 months (HUELLA cohort). The exposed cohort will be formed by family caregivers of dependent patients with complex chronic pathologies. The unexposed cohort will be taken from the general population adjusted for age, sex and health. Outcome variables will include attendance to health services, consumption of psychoactive drugs, dedication to care (only in exposed cohort), concession of the Act on Promotion of Personal Autonomy and Care for dependent persons (exposed only), perceived physical and mental health, depression level, burden level and new diagnosis of chronic pathology of the caregiver during the study. Results: the expected results will be applicable and will incorporate improvements to the usual health system clinical practice, providing feedback to professionals dedicated to the provision, planning and design of services to family caregivers, as well as to groups and organizations of caregivers. Conclusions: investments in preventing low-quality informal care are key, mainly through early identification and interventions to support caregivers who suffer from stress, anxiety or depression.

scholarly journals Fathers’ Mental Health and Children’s Aggressive Behaviour A Study Based on Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne lise Kvalevaag ◽  
Jörg Aβmus ◽  
Eva Biringer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Symptom Checklist

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine the association between fathers’ prenatal psychological distress and children’s aggressive behaviour in terms of hitting others, and how children’s age, gender and temperament affect this association. The study is based on data from 20,155 fathers and mothers from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). Fathers and mothers completed questionnaires at 17 or 18 weeks of gestation and mothers at children’s age 18 months, and 3 and 5 years. Fathers’ prenatal psychological distress was assessed by the 5-item Symptom Checklist (SCL-5), and children’s temperament by 12 items from the Emotionality Activity Sociability (EAS) Temperament Survey. Increasing prenatal psychological distress in fathers was associated with an increase of hitting from 18 months to 3 years of age in boys. Children’s temperament did not affect the association between fathers’ prenatal psychological distress and children’s aggressive behaviour.

scholarly journals A Polygenic Score for Body Mass Index is Associated with Depressive Symptoms via Early Life Stress: Evidence for gene-environment correlation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reut Avinun ◽  
Ahmad R. Hariri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Gene Environment

ABSTRACTBackgroundIncreasing childhood overweight and obesity rates are associated with not only adverse physical, but also mental health outcomes, including depression. These negative outcomes may be caused and/or exacerbated by the bullying and shaming overweight individuals experience. As body mass index (BMI) can be highly heritable, we hypothesized that a genetic risk toward higher BMI, will predict higher early life stress (ELS), which in turn will predict higher depressive symptoms in adulthood. Such a process will reflect an evocative gene-environment correlation (rGE) wherein an individual’s genetically influenced phenotype evokes a reaction from the environment that subsequently shapes the individual’s health.MethodsWe modeled genetic risk using a polygenic score of BMI derived from a recent large GWAS meta-analysis. Self-reports were used for the assessment of ELS and depressive symptoms in adulthood. The discovery sample consisted of 524 non-Hispanic Caucasian university students from the Duke Neurogenetics Study (DNS; 278 women, mean age 19.78±1.23 years) and the independent replication sample consisted of 5 930 white British individuals from the UK biobank (UKB; 3 128 women, mean age 62.66±7.38 years).ResultsA significant mediation effect was found in the DNS (indirect effect=.207, bootstrapped SE=.10, 95% CI: .014 to .421), and then replicated in the UKB (indirect effect=.04, bootstrapped SE=.01, 95% CI: .018 to .066). Higher BMI polygenic scores were associated with higher depressive symptoms through the experience of higher ELS.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that evocative rGE may contribute to weight-related mental health problems and stress the need for interventions that aim to reduce weight bias, specifically during childhood.

scholarly journals Body Mass Index, Diabetes, and Risk of Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayoung Choi ◽  
Jung Eun Yoo ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
Wonsuk Choi ◽  
Sang Youl Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results

Although both diabetes mellitus (DM) and underweight are associated with increased risk of tuberculosis (TB), there are limited data evaluating TB risk while considering two factors simultaneously—body mass index (BMI) and DM. A retrospective cohort study was performed with 10,087,903 participants of the Korean National Health Screening Program in 2009. The cohort was followed up to the date of TB incidence, death, or until December 31, 2018. We compared the incidence and risk of TB according to BMI category and DM. During the 7.3-year follow-up duration, the incidence of TB was 0.92 per 1,000 person-years in the normal weight without DM, 2.26 in the normal weight with DM, 1.80 in the underweight without DM, and 5.35 in the underweight with DM. Compared to the normal weight without DM, the normal weight with DM, the underweight without DM, and the underweight with DM showed a 1.51-fold (95% CI, 1.46–1.57), a 2.21-fold (95% CI, 2.14–2.28), and a 3.24-fold (95% CI, 2.95–3.56) increased risk of TB, respectively. However, compared to the normal weight without DM, the severely obese without DM and those with DM showed a 0.37 (95% CI, 0.36–0.38) and a 0.42 (95% CI, 0.36–0.48)-fold decreased risk of TB, respectively. There was no significant joint effect of BMI and DM on the risk of incident TB in the overall population; a synergistic effect of underweight and DM was evident in participants <65 years of age, current smokers, and heavy drinkers. In conclusion, being underweight or DM individually increases the risk of incident TB. Based on our study results, a focused screening of incident TB in patients with DM may be beneficial.

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