scholarly journals The action-sentence compatibility effect (ACE) a benchmark finding for embodiment - A meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Winter ◽  
Carolin Dudschig ◽  
Barbara Kaup
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Compatibility Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Reliable Effect ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Action Sentence

The embodied account of language comprehension has been one of the most influentialtheoretical developments in the recent decades addressing the question how humanscomprehend and represent language. To examine its assumptions, many studies havemade use of behavioral paradigms involving basic compatibility effects. Theaction–sentence compatibility effect (ACE) is one of the most influential of thesecompatibility effects and is the most widely cited evidence for the assumptions of theembodied account of language comprehension. However, recently there have beendifficulties to extend or even to reliably replicate the ACE. The conflicting findingsconcerning the ACE and its extensions lead to the discussion whether the ACE isindeed a reliable effect or whether it might be the product of publication bias or otherdistorting research practices. In a first step we conducted a meta-analysis using arandom-effects model. This analysis revealed a small but significant effect size of theACE (d = .129, p = .007). A second meta-analytic approach supports these findings ofthe existence of an ACE (Fisher’s method: χ2 = 124.379, p < .001). Furthermore, thetask-parameter Delay occurred as a factor of interest in whether the ACE appears withpositive or negative effect direction. This meta-analysis further assessed for potentialpublication bias and suggests that there is bias in the ACE literature.

scholarly journals Influence of Mindfulness and Relaxation on Treatment of Essential Hypertension: Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Fushun Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Qiao Zhai ◽  
Juanjuan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Effect Model

Background. Some studies published previously have shown a strong correlation between hypertension and psychological nature including impulsion emotion or mindfulness and relaxation temperament, among which mindfulness and relaxation temperament might have a benign influence on blood pressure, ameliorating the hypertension. However, the conclusion was not confirmed. Objective. The meta-analysis was performed to investigate the influence of mindfulness and relaxation on essential hypertension interventions and confirm the effects. Methods. Systematic searches were conducted in common English and Chinese electronic databases (i.e., PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database) from 1980 to 2020. A meta-analysis including 5 studies was performed using Rev Man 5.4.1 software to estimate the influence of mindfulness and relaxation on blood pressure, ameliorating the hypertension. Publication bias and heterogeneity of samples were tested using a funnel plot. Studies were analyzed using either a random-effect model or a fixed-effect model. Results. All the 5 studies investigated the influence of mindfulness and relaxation on diastolic and systolic blood pressure, with total 205 participants in the control group and 204 in the intervention group. The random-effects model (REM) was used to calculate the pooled effect for mindfulness and relaxation on diastolic blood pressure (I2 = 0%, t2 = 0.000, P = 0.41 ). The random pooled effect size (MD) was 0.30 (95% CI = −0.81–1.42, P = 0.59 ). REM was used to calculate the pooled effect for mindfulness and relaxation on systolic blood pressure (I2 = 49%, t2 = 3.05, P = 0.10 ). The random pooled effect size (MD) was −1.05 (95% CI = −3.29–1.18, P = 0.36 ). The results of this meta-analysis were influenced by publication bias to some degree. Conclusion. All the results showed less influence of mindfulness and relaxation might act on diastolic or systolic blood pressure, when mindfulness and relaxation are used to intervene in treating CVD and hypertension.

scholarly journals Seven Steps Toward Transparency and Replicability in Psychological Science

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Stephen Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Statistical Knowledge

Psychological scientists strive to advance understanding of how and why we animals do and think and feel as we do. This is difficult, in part because flukes of chance and measurement error obscure researchers’ perceptions. Many psychologists use inferential statistical tests to peer through the murk of chance and discern relationships between variables. Those tests are powerful tools, but they must be wielded with skill. Moreover, research reports must convey to readers a detailed and accurate understanding of how the data were obtained and analyzed. Research psychologists often fall short in those regards. This paper attempts to motivate and explain ways to enhance the transparency and replicability of psychological science. Specifically, I speak to how publication bias and p hacking contribute to effect-size exaggeration in the published literature, and how effect-size exaggeration contributes, in turn, to replication failures. Then I present seven steps toward addressing these problems: Telling the truth; upgrading statistical knowledge; standardizing aspects of research practices; documenting lab procedures in a lab manual; making materials, data, and analysis scripts transparent; addressing constraints on generality; and collaborating.

Stage 1 Registered Report: Stress regulation via being in nature and social support in adults - a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sparacio ◽  
Ivan Ropovik ◽  
Gabriela M. Jiga-Boy ◽  
Hans IJzerman
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Stress Regulation ◽  
Analysis Workflow ◽  
Affective Consequences ◽  
Emotional Social Support ◽  
Stage 1

This meta-analysis explored whether being in nature and emotional social support are effective in reducing levels of stress through a Registered Report. We retrieved all the relevant articles that investigated a connection between one of these two strategies and various components of stress (physiological, affective and cognitive) as well as affective consequences of stress. We followed a stringent analysis workflow (including permutation-based selection models and multilevel regression-based models) to provide publication bias-corrected estimates. We found [no evidence for the efficacy of either strategy/evidence for one of the two strategies/evidence for both strategies] with an estimated mean effect size of [xx/xx] and we recommend [recommendation will be provided if necessary].

scholarly journals Foetal origins of depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis of low birth weight and later depression

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Wojcik ◽  
W. Lee ◽  
I. Colman ◽  
R. Hardy ◽  
M. Hotopf
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Trim And Fill

BackgroundThe foetal origins hypothesis suggests an association between low birth weight and later depression, yet evidence supporting this association has been inconsistent.MethodWe systematically reviewed evidence for an association between low birth weight and adult depression or psychological distress in the general population by meta-analysis. We searched EMBASE, Medline, PsycINFO and ISI Web of Science for studies reporting observational data with low birth weight as the exposure and self- or clinician-rated depression or psychological distress measures as an outcome. Selective studies of exposures such as famine or outcomes such as severe illness only were excluded. Altogether,1454 studies were screened for relevance, 26 were included in the qualitative synthesis, 18 were included in the meta-analysis. A random effects meta-analysis method was used to obtain a pooled estimate of effect size.ResultsThe odds of depression or psychological distress was greater for those of low birth weight (<2500 g) compared to those of normal birth weight (>2500 g) or greater [odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.00–1.32]. However, this association became non-significant after trim-and-fill correction for publication bias (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.92–1.27). Using meta-regression, no differences in effect size were observed by gender, outcome measure of depression or psychological distress, or whether the effect size was adjusted for possible confounders.ConclusionsWe found evidence to support a weak association between low birth weight and later depression or psychological distress, which may be due to publication bias. It remains possible that the association may vary according to severity of symptoms or other factors.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Glycerol-Induced Hyperhydration on Fluid Retention and Endurance Performance

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D.B. Goulet ◽  
Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre ◽  
Gérard E. Plante ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Fluid Retention ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Better Than

The authors determined, through a meta-analytic approach, whether glycerol-induced hyperhydration (GIH) enhances fluid retention and increases endurance performance (EP) significantly more than water-induced hyperhydration (WIH). Collectively, studies administered 23.9 ± 2.7 mL of fuid/kg body weight (BW) with 1.1 ± 0.2 g glycerol/kg BW, and hyperhydration was measured 136 ± 15 min after its onset. Compared with WIH, GIH increased fluid retention by 7.7 ± 2.8 mL/kg BW (P < 0.01; pooled effect size [PES]: 1.64 ± 0.80, P < 0.01, N = 14). The use of GIH was associated with an improvement in EP of 2.62% ± 1.60% (P = 0.047; PES: 0.35 ± 0.13, P = 0.014, N = 4). Unarguably, GIH significantly enhances fluid retention better than WIH. Because of the dearth of data, the effect of GIH on EP must be further investigated before more definitive conclusions can be drawn as to its ergogenic property.

scholarly journals Stage 1 Registered Report: Anomalous perception in a Ganzfeld condition - A meta-analysis of more than 40 years investigation

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 826
Author(s):  
Patrizio E. Tressoldi ◽  
Lance Storm
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Model ◽  
Moderator Analysis ◽  
Level Of Experience ◽  
Stage 1

This meta-analysis is an investigation into anomalous perception (i.e., conscious identification of information without any conventional sensorial means). The technique used for eliciting an effect is the ganzfeld condition (a form of sensory homogenization that eliminates distracting peripheral noise). The database consists of peer-reviewed studies published between January 1974 and June 2020 inclusive. The overall effect size will be estimated using a frequentist model and a Bayesian random model. Moderator analysis will be used to examine the influence of level of experience of participants and the type of task. Publication bias will be estimated by using three different tests. Trend analysis will be conducted on the cumulative database.

scholarly journals Predictive physiological anticipatory activity preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli: An update of Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Duggan ◽  
Patrizio Tressoldi
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Statistical Estimation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Weighted Effect Size ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Weighted Effect ◽  
Anticipatory Activity

Background: This is an update of the Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis related to the physiological anticipation preceding seemingly unpredictable stimuli which overall effect size was 0.21; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.13 - 0.29 Methods: Nineteen new peer and non-peer reviewed studies completed from January 2008 to June 2018 were retrieved describing a total of 27 experiments and 36 associated effect sizes. Results: The overall weighted effect size, estimated with a frequentist multilevel random model, was: 0.28; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.18-0.38; the overall weighted effect size, estimated with a multilevel Bayesian model, was: 0.28; 95% Credible Intervals: 0.18-0.38. The weighted mean estimate of the effect size of peer reviewed studies was higher than that of non-peer reviewed studies, but with overlapped confidence intervals: Peer reviewed: 0.36; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.26-0.47; Non-Peer reviewed: 0.22; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.05-0.39. Similarly, the weighted mean estimate of the effect size of Preregistered studies was higher than that of Non-Preregistered studies: Preregistered: 0.31; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.18-0.45; No-Preregistered: 0.24; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.08-0.41. The statistical estimation of the publication bias by using the Copas selection model suggest that the main findings are not contaminated by publication bias. Conclusions: In summary, with this update, the main findings reported in Mossbridge et al’s meta-analysis, are confirmed.

scholarly journals Meta-Analysis of Exotic Forages as Invasive Plants in Complex Multi-Functioning Landscapes

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Derek Scasta ◽  
David M. Engle ◽  
Samuel D. Fuhlendorf ◽  
Daren D. Redfearn ◽  
Terrance G. Bidwell
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractIntroducing exotic forages in the attempt to enhance livestock and wildlife forage has been practiced widely for over a century. These forage species are selected for traits conferring persistence under stress, potentially yielding invaders that transform native plant communities. Using standardized systematic review guidelines and meta-analytical techniques we quantified effects of exotic forage invasion on change of native plant community structure, and compared the magnitude and direction of change across exotic forage species, plant functional groups, and structure of plant communities. Our study of 13 exotic forage species in North America (six C4 grasses, three C3 grasses, and four legumes) yielded 35 papers with quantitative data from 64 case studies. Nine of the 13 species met our inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. The overall effect of exotic forage invasion on native plant communities was negative (Ē̄ = −0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.29 to −0.25). The effect size was most negative for two C4 grasses, Lehmann lovegrass and Old World bluestems. A negative effect was also expressed by C3 and C4 grass functional groups, and these effects were stronger than for legumes. Effect size differed among measures of plant community structure, with the greatest negative effect on native plant biomass and the least negative effect on species evenness. Weighted fail-safe numbers indicated publication bias was not an issue. Exotic forage species are important for agricultural production but may threaten complex multi-functioning landscapes and should be considered as a subset of potentially invasive exotic species. Characteristics making exotic forages different from other exotic plants hinge on pathways of selection and dispersion: selection is based on persistence mechanisms similar to characteristics of invasive plants; dispersion by humans is intentional across expansive geographic regions. Exotic forages present a complex socio-ecological problem exacerbated by disconnected scientific disciplines, competing interests between policy and science, and organized efforts to increase food production.

Detecting and correcting for publication bias in meta-analysis – A truncated normal distribution approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 2722-2741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaohao Zhu ◽  
KC Carriere
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Truncated Normal Distribution ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Funnel Plot ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
Truncated Normal

Publication bias can significantly limit the validity of meta-analysis when trying to draw conclusion about a research question from independent studies. Most research on detection and correction for publication bias in meta-analysis focus mainly on funnel plot-based methodologies or selection models. In this paper, we formulate publication bias as a truncated distribution problem, and propose new parametric solutions. We develop methodologies of estimating the underlying overall effect size and the severity of publication bias. We distinguish the two major situations, in which publication bias may be induced by: (1) small effect size or (2) large p-value. We consider both fixed and random effects models, and derive estimators for the overall mean and the truncation proportion. These estimators will be obtained using maximum likelihood estimation and method of moments under fixed- and random-effects models, respectively. We carried out extensive simulation studies to evaluate the performance of our methodology, and to compare with the non-parametric Trim and Fill method based on funnel plot. We find that our methods based on truncated normal distribution perform consistently well, both in detecting and correcting publication bias under various situations.

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